Inka (All Terms)

2025-05-17T17:57:00Z

SteveGullberg: Minor edit updates

Inka are peoples in the Americas. This compilation of terms and their spelling variants was compiled by Steven R. Gullberg and Susanne M Hoffmann based on the following literature:

# Gary Urton (1981). ''At the Crossroads of the Earth and Sky: An Andean Cosmology'' (University of Texas Press)
# Steven R. Gullberg (2020). ''Astronomy of the Inca Empire: Use and Significance of the Sun and the Night Sky'' (Springer)
# Steven R Gullberg and Milton Rojas (2024). ''Inca Cosmovision: The Astronomical Legacy of an Andean Empire'' (Springer)

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Original
!Language of Origin
!Pronounce
!English
!Note
|-
|Alto pina ch'aska
|
|
|" star which is already high" [i.e., in the zenith]
|A 1st and 2nd magnitude star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight
|-
|Amaru
|
|
|“The Serpent”
|Scorpius
|-
|Amaru contor
|
|
|the serpent changing to the condor
|Scorpius
|-
|Aquayoq and Catuilla
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Arado
|Spanish
|
|plough
|Scorpius
|-
|Atoq
|
|
|The Fox
|a dark constellation
|-
|Boca de Sapo
|Spanish
|
|"mouth of the toad"
|Hyades
|-
|Boleadora
|
|
|a lasso with three balls at the end; also a "thief'
|Shooting stars
|-
|Cabanuelas
|
|
|"small hut, cottage"
|Pleiades (?)
|-
|Calvario Cruz
|Spanish
|
|the cross of Calvary
|(a) head of Scorpius
|-
|Calvario Cruz
|Spanish
|
|the cross of Calvary
|(b) Betelgeuse, Rigel, Sirius, and Procyon (c) Procyon, Castor, Belt of Orion, 13 T auri (d) Belt of Orion, T Orionis, and Rigel
|-
|Ch`aka Tinkucheq
|
|
|
|Orion's Belt+ Betelgeuse and Rigel
|-
|Ch`aska Punchu
|
|Chasqa Punchu
|Poncho of the Stars
|the seven bright stars of Orion
|-
|Ch`askamayu
|
|
|
|Milky Way
|-
|Ch’aska Waraqa
|
|
|
|stars in the tail of Scorpius
|-
|Chacra
|
|
|
|A cultivation area; Betelgeuse, Bellatrix, Rigel, and Saiph.
|-
|Chakana
|
|
|“The Bridge” or "Stars"
|(1) Orion’s Belt
|-
|Chakana
|
|
|“The Bridge”
|(2) ε, δ, and η Canis Major
|-
|Chaqana
|
|Ch`akana
|
|Southern Cross
|-
|Chasca Cuyllor
|
|
|“Morning Star” “Evening Star”
|Venus
|-
|Ch'aska
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Ch'aska plata
|
|
|" silver star"
|Shooting stars
|-
|Chaska Waraqa Mach`aqway
|
|
|the flame in the eyes of llamaqñawin
|α and β Centauri
|-
|Ch'issin ch'aska
|
|
|"evening star"
|1st and 2nd magnitude stars and a planet
|-
|Choquechinchay
|
|
|"golden cat"
|Tail of Scorpio (or dark spot inside tail?)
|-
|Chuchuqoyllor
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Chuquichinchay
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|[[Contor]]
|
|
|condor
|
|-
|Coscotoca ch'aska
|
|
|"star of the two equal parts"
|A 1st and 2nd magnitude star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight
|-
|Flagstone Hayquna
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Foot
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Hanp’atu
|
|
|The Toad
|a dark constellation
|-
|Hatun Coyllur
|
|
|"large star"
|Sirius
|-
|Hatun Cruz
|
|
|“The Great Cross”
|(a) Rigel, Sirius, Procyon, and Betelgeuse
|-
|Hatun Cruz
|
|
|“The Great Cross”
|(b) Procyon, Castor, η and μ Gemini
|-
|Hatun llamaytoq
|
|
|the great large llama
|a dark streak between the coal-sack and eps Sco
|-
|Huaman
|Qechua
|
|
|Alnitak
|-
|Huchuy Cruz
|Qechua & Spanish
|
|“The Small Cross”
|The Southern Cross
|-
|K 'olli
|
|
|?
|unidentified small dark spot
|-
|Kapuwara Wara
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Khaswa Coyllur
|
|
|"circle dance star(s)"
|(a) γ, o, κ, λ Vela
|-
|Khaswa Coyllur
|
|
|"circle dance star(s)"
|(b) Corona Borealis (?)
|-
|Kotu Sankha
|
|
|
|Hyades + Aldebaran
|-
|Laja Haykuna
|
|
|
|in Argo Navis, means entry into the darkness
|-
|Linun Cruz
|Spanish
|
|Linun = Lat. lignum; "wooden cross" or "the crucifixion cross"
|head of Scorpius
|-
|Llama
|
|
|llama
|Large dark streak between the Coalsack and ε Scorpii
|-
|Llama Cancha
|
|
|"Llama corral"
|
|-
|Llamacñawin
|
|
|“The Eyes of the Llama”
|α and β Centauri
|-
|lllarimi ch 'aska
|
|
|"dawn star"
|any 1st or 2nd mag star or planet at dawn
|-
|Locero
|
|
|moning star, Venus
|In Yucay, one infonnant talked of pachaypaqa locero ("dawn morning star"); an informant in Lucre called both the morning and evening stars "locero."
|-
|Mach`aqway
|
|Machacuay
|the Serpent
|a dark constellation
|-
|Mallki
|
|
|
|in Aries
|-
|Mama Rosario
|Spanish
|
|Mother Rosary
|unidentified bright nebulosity in the Milky Way
|-
|Mamana micuc
|
|
|"(the one who) eats his mother"
|ξ, π, σ, ν, τ Puppis
|-
|Mayu
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Michij runa
|
|
|a shepherd
|a dark constellation
|-
|Ñawin Cristo
|
|
|"the eyes of Christ"
|α and β Centauri
|-
|Ombligo de la llama
|
|
|umbilicus of the llama
|narrow, curving dark streak from alf Cen south and curving up to tet Sco
|-
|Onqoy
|
|
|"Desease", an alternative name for Qollca
|
|-
|Orqorara
|
|
|three stars all the same
|"Three Marias", Orion's Belt
|-
|Orqorara and Ranch
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Pachapacariq Chaska
|
|
|“The Venus of the Western Suyu”
|(1) Canopus
|-
|Pachapacariq Chaska
|
|
|“The Venus of the Western Suyu”
|(2) Altair
|-
|Pachapacariq ch'aska
|
|
|"dawn of the earth"
|One Sonqo informant rereferred to pachai/larimi ch'aska ("dawn of the earth star"); it might be any bright object ...
|-
|Papa Dios Cruz
|Spanish
|
|"the cross of God the father"
|head of Scorpius
|-
|Passon Cruz
|Spanish
|
|the cross of the Passion
|
|-
|Pisqa Collea
|
|
|the five storehouses
|between Orion and the Hyades
|-
|Pisqa Coyllur
|
|
|the five star(s)
|Hyades
|-
|Posuqu
|
|
|foam
|bright stellar clouds in the southern Milky Way
|-
|Puma Yunta
|
|
|
|in Gemini - eyes Castor and Pollux
|-
|Qatachillay
|
|Catachillay
|“Female Llama with Lamb”
|Altair and Deneb
|-
|[[Qollca]]
|
|Collca
|“The Storehouse”
|
|-
|Qoqamanqa
|
|
|pot of coca
|a constellation
|-
|Qosqo and Qurawasi
|
|
|Crossover Stars
|a constellation
|-
|Quntur
|Qechua
|
|condor
|Mintaka
|-
|Qutu
|
|
|pile
|Pleiades
|-
|Santissima Cruz
|Spanish
|
|“The Sacred Cross”
| α, β, δ, π, and σ Scorpii
|-
|Saramanqa
|
|
|pot of maiz (corn)
|a constellation
|-
|Sonaja
|
|
|tambourine, rattle
|Corona Borealis
|-
|Sullu ullucu
|
|
|aborted ullucu
|
|-
|Suyuntu and Huaman
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Suyuntuy
|Qechua
|
|
|Alnilam
|-
|Torito
|Spanish
|
|" little bull"
|A star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight; torito is also the name of the " rhinoceros beetle" (Dynastinae)
|-
|Uñallamacha
|
|
|The Baby Llama
|a dark constellation
|-
|Urpi
|
|
|dove
|coalsack
|-
|Urquchillay
|
|Urcuchillay
|“Llama of Many Colors”
|Lyra
|-
|Yaqana
|
|Yacana
|The Llama
|a dark constellation
|-
|Yaqumama
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Yuthu
|
|Yutu
|The Tinamou
|(1) Coalsack, SE of Southern Cross
|-
|Yuthu
|
|Yutu
|The Tinamou
|(2) dark spot outlined by the tail of Sco (3) dark spot near Scutum
|-
|Yutucruz
|Qechua-Spanish
|
|"tinamou cross"
|Southern Cross
|}

[[Category:Overviews]]
[[Category:Inka]]
[[Category:American]]
[[Category:South American]]

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Inka (All Terms)