All Skies Encyclopaedia - Recent changes [en]

PA.BIL.SAG

Sushoff — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 05:53:57 GMT

Stars within the Constellation Area

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 * (1) <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag;
 * (2) 7 ''lumāšu''-stars: <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":7">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:142, 229].
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 * (2) Abbreviation used in the designation of the three "normal stars", see (Kurtik m39) [[MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ|MUL<sub>2</sub>.ŠID.MEŠ]], nos. 30-32: .
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 |'''Mathematical Astronomy.'''

Enduri Senggu

Ericmamajek — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 01:21:07 GMT

update on star

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:21, 12 July 2026
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	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Enduri Senggu" was suggested to be used for τ Cyg in this constellation. Enduri Senggu is also known as the "Eye-Protecting Goddess", and the star τ Cyg is situated near the position corresponding to the eye of the hedgehog in the traditional Manchu star chart.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Enduri Senggu" was suggested to be used for τ Cyg in this constellation. Enduri Senggu is also known as the "Eye-Protecting Goddess", and the star τ Cyg is situated near the position corresponding to the eye of the hedgehog in the traditional Manchu star chart.

			τ Cyg (HR 8130, HD 202444, HIP 104887) is a relatively nearby (20 parsecs) multiple system with several components, catalogued in the Washington Double Star catalog as WDS J21148+3803. Component A is a 4th magnitude F2+V star of 4th magnitude, and B is a 6th magnitude G0V star, and together they comprise a tight binary star with orbital period of about 50 years and semi-major axis of 0.9 arcseconds. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AJ....140.1657M Muterspagh et al. (2010)] report that interferometry observations of the system reveal that B is likely to be an even tighter pair (Ba+Bb), with semi-major axis of 0.8 milliarcseconds and orbtial period of about 810 days. τ Cyg also has a much more distant companion, "F" in the WDS, which itself is a pair.This M dwarf pair is lettered WDS J21148+3803 Fa and Fb, however "C" has been assigned in the Gliese catalogs (GJ 822.1C, GJ 9728C). Hence the τ Cyg system is at least a quintuple.

	Decision: ...		Decision: ...

Tianjin

Ericmamajek — Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:13:48 GMT

update on star

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	In 2026, the name "Tianjinnan" was suggested to be used for ζ Cyg in this constellation. "Tianjinnan" means "Southern star of Tianjin", because ζ Cyg is the southernmost star in the Tianjin asterism. The name "Tianjin" carries important cultural connotations, which makes it a meaningful choice.		In 2026, the name "Tianjinnan" was suggested to be used for ζ Cyg in this constellation. "Tianjinnan" means "Southern star of Tianjin", because ζ Cyg is the southernmost star in the Tianjin asterism. The name "Tianjin" carries important cultural connotations, which makes it a meaningful choice.

	~~Decision~~: ...		ζ Cyg is a G8 giant star 46 parsecs away, and a binary star -- reported as a double-lined spectroscopic binary (SBC9 2958), and resolved in the Washington Double Star catalog as WDS J21129+3014 Aa and Ab. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992Obs...112..168G/abstract Griffin & Keenan (1992)] present a survey of the ζ Cyg binary, and discuss its spectral peculiarities and the nature of its companion - a white dwarf. The spectrum of ζ Cyg shows it to be rich in s-process elements like barium, and these are explained by past accretion of the star by mass transferred from the companion star when it was a red giant.

	==References ==		==References ==

IDIGNA

HermannHunger — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 19:51:20 GMT

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:51, 11 July 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Lexical texts.'''		\|'''Lexical texts.'''
	* Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul íd</sup>idigna = <sup>d</sup>''a-nu-ni-tum'' [MSL XI, 40:22]; '''''parallel in the "Great Star List and ~~Miscellenia~~ [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:146; Weidner 1959-60, 107].'''''		* Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul íd</sup>idigna = <sup>d</sup>''a-nu-ni-tum'' [MSL XI, 40:22]; '''''parallel in the "Great Star List and Miscellanea [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:146; Weidner 1959-60, 107].'''''
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [BPO 2, XVI 14; Largement 1957, 248:71-73].		See [BPO 2, XVI 14; Largement 1957, 248:71-73].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Reports."'''		\|'''"Reports."'''
	See. [ARAK, 353:6].		See [ARAK, 353:6].
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	==== V. Astrology. ====		==== V. Astrology. ====
	(1) Planet ahead of the Tigris constellation; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ana'' IGI <sup>mul íd</sup>IDIGNA GUB <sup>d</sup>IM RA-''iṣ'': ŠEG<sub>3</sub>.MEŠ: A.KAL.MEŠ GAL<sub>2</sub>.M[EŠ] "If a planet (= Mercury) stands ahead of the Tigris constellation: Adad will ~~flood~~, there will be rain, flooding." [Largement 1957, 248:71; BPO 2, XVI 14 + Parallels].		(1) Planet ahead of the Tigris constellation: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ana'' IGI <sup>mul íd</sup>IDIGNA GUB <sup>d</sup>IM RA-''iṣ'': ŠEG<sub>3</sub>.MEŠ: A.KAL.MEŠ GAL<sub>2</sub>.M[EŠ] "If a planet (= Mercury) stands ahead of the Tigris constellation: Adad will devastate, there will be rain, flooding." [Largement 1957, 248:71; BPO 2, XVI 14 + Parallels].

	(2) Planet behind the Tigris constellation; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM EGIR <sup>mul íd</sup>IDIGNA GUB-''iz'' ... "If a planet stands behind the Tigris constellation ..." [Largement 1957, 248:72].		(2) Planet behind the Tigris constellation: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM EGIR <sup>mul íd</sup>IDIGNA GUB-''iz'' ... "If a planet stands behind the Tigris constellation ..." [Largement 1957, 248:72].

	(3) Planet is approaching the middle of the Tigris constellation; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ana'' SA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul íd</sup>IDIGNA TE ŠEG<sub>3</sub>.MEŠ ''u'' A.KAL.MEŠ ZAL.<ZAL.>MEŠ "If the planet approaches the middle of the Tigris constellation: raining and flooding will prolong" [Largement 1957, 248:73].		(3) Planet is approaching the middle of the Tigris constellation: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ana'' SA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul íd</sup>IDIGNA TE ŠEG<sub>3</sub>.MEŠ ''u'' A.KAL.MEŠ ZAL.<ZAL.>MEŠ "If the planet approaches the middle of the Tigris constellation: raining and flooding will prolong" [Largement 1957, 248:73].

	(4) A planet approaches the constellation of Tigris; [DIŠ MU]L UDU.IDIM ''a-na'' <sup>mul íd</sup>IDIGNA TE / A.AN.MEŠ ''u''<sub>3</sub> A.KAL.MEŠ GAL<sub>2</sub>.[MEŠ] "If a planet ~~approaches~~ the constellation of Tigris: there will be rain and flooding" [~~ARAK~~, 253:6'-7'].		(4) A planet approaches the constellation of Tigris: [DIŠ MU]L UDU.IDIM ''a-na'' <sup>mul íd</sup>IDIGNA TE / A.AN.MEŠ ''u''<sub>3</sub> A.KAL.MEŠ GAL<sub>2</sub>.[MEŠ] "If a planet comes close to the constellation of Tigris: there will be rain and flooding" [SAA 8, 253:6'-7'].

	See also (Kurtik a42) [[Anunitu\|<sup>d</sup>''Anunītum'']].		See also (Kurtik a42) [[Anunitu\|<sup>d</sup>''Anunītum'']].

IBILA.É.MAḪ

HermannHunger — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 19:42:19 GMT

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

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	*<sup>mul</sup>DUMU.UŠ.AN.MAḪ;		*<sup>mul</sup>DUMU.UŠ.AN.MAḪ;
	*<sup>mul</sup>DUMU×NITA É.MAḪ;		*<sup>mul</sup>DUMU×NITA É.MAḪ;
	*= lit. "Firstborn of ~~Emach~~" or "Heir of the Majestic Temple";		*= lit. "Firstborn of Emaḫ" or "Heir of the Majestic Temple";

	[Gössmann 191; ASM, 273; Reiner 1995, 20-21; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 73].		[Gössmann 191; ASM, 273; Reiner 1995, 20-21; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 73].
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	**((Wagon of Heaven?? - see my ZA article - not Anu's Wagon" - change/correct everywhere		**((Wagon of Heaven?? - see my ZA article - not Anu's Wagon" - change/correct everywhere
	*for a parallel see:		*for a parallel see:
	**''~~mul~~ ša i-na ṭu-ri-ša ~~gub~~-''[''zu'']		**MUL ''ša i-na ṭu-ri-ša'' GUB''-''[''zu'']
	**"The star that stands on its rope (knot?)" [KAV 218, B iii 11; Horowitz 2014, 39, col. iii 11];		**"The star that stands on its rope (knot?)" [KAV 218, B iii 11; Horowitz 2014, 39, col. iii 11];
	*however, it is not obvious that the same star is meant here, cf. [BPO 2, 5; Horowitz 1989-90, 116, BM 54817:9'].		*however, it is not obvious that the same star is meant here, cf. [BPO 2, 5; Horowitz 1989-90, 116, BM 54817:9'].
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	\|[[File:Horse+Heir draft2025 stellarium.png\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|The constellation of the Heir of the Sublime Temple in Mesopotamian astronomy is located in the circumpolar area. It may refer to the star that is now called "Polaris" or to any configuration of stars. This suggestion was designed in 2025 by SMH to draft a figure that matches the new interpretation of "The Celestial Ekur" by Hoffmann and Horowitz (2023).]]		\|[[File:Horse+Heir draft2025 stellarium.png\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|The constellation of the Heir of the Sublime Temple in Mesopotamian astronomy is located in the circumpolar area. It may refer to the star that is now called "Polaris" or to any configuration of stars. This suggestion was designed in 2025 by SMH to draft a figure that matches the new interpretation of "The Celestial Ekur" by Hoffmann and Horowitz (2023).]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~'''Uranology:'''~~		\|
	~~MLC 1866 (col. iv 15ʹ).~~
	*<sup>mul</sup>IBILA.<É>.MAḪ <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' ˹MUL˺ [DU]MU É
	*"Heir of the exalted temple, Ea, asterism, son of the temple" [Beaulieu et al. 2018, 38, 42], for a discussion see. [ibid., 59-60].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Hemerologies.'''		\|'''Hemerologies.'''
	* In the months of Nisannu and Ululu, prayers to <sup>mul</sup>IBILA.É.MAḪ [Langdon 1935, 81; 4R, 32 i 48, 33 i 49; Landsberger 1915, 128; Reiner 1995, 21].		* In the months Nisannu and Ululu, prayers to <sup>mul</sup>IBILA.É.MAḪ [Langdon 1935, 81; 4R, 32 i 48, 33 i 49; Landsberger 1915, 128; Reiner 1995, 21].
	**Spell. ÉN DUMU.UŠ É.MAḪ DUMU.UŠ É.MAḪ ''aplu rabû ša Enlil attama'' / ''ištu Ekur'' [''t'']''ūridamma ina qabal šamê itti'' <sup>mul</sup>MAR.GÍD.DA ''tazzaz is this in Hemerologies - Livingstone???''		**Spell. ÉN DUMU.UŠ É.MAḪ DUMU.UŠ É.MAḪ ''aplu rabû ša Enlil attama'' / ''ištu Ekur'' [''t'']''ūridamma ina qabal šamê itti'' <sup>mul</sup>MAR.GÍD.DA ''tazzaz is this in Hemerologies - Livingstone???''
	**"Spell. O Firstborn of ~~Emach~~, Firstborn of ~~Emach~~, you are the eldest son of Enlil, / You came out of Ekur, and you stand in the middle of the sky with the Wagon," quoted in [Reiner 1995, 21, note 71]. Stev.O.T.		**"Spell. O Firstborn of Emaḫ, Firstborn of Emaḫ, you are the eldest son of Enlil, / You came out of Ekur, and you stand in the middle of the sky with the Wagon," quoted in [Reiner 1995, 21, note 71]. Stev.O.T.
	*Two predictions:		*Two predictions:
	**a) DIŠ <sup>ul</sup>DUMU.UŠ.É.MAḪ ''ša'' <sup>ul</sup>MAR.GÍD.DA.<AN.NA> GAL-''ti ana'' <sup>ul</sup>ME.GAR ''is-niq'' BE.ME GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' DIŠ KI.MIN ''is-si'' SU. KU<sub>2</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši''		**a) DIŠ <sup>ul</sup>DUMU.UŠ.É.MAḪ ''ša'' <sup>ul</sup>MAR.GÍD.DA.<AN.NA> GAL-''ti ana'' <sup>ul</sup>ME.GAR ''is-niq'' BE.ME GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' DIŠ KI.MIN ''is-si'' SU.KU<sub>2</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši''
	***"If the Firstborn of Emah, (part of) the great [Celestial] Wagon, has approached Jupiter, pestilence will come; if it has withdrawn, famine will come." [Langdon 1913-23, 231:4-5, Pl. XVII; Reiner 1995, 20-21, note 73]. '''- could this mean that Polaris was in the pole of the Ursa major as well - the two poles connecting - and hense the rope???'''		***"If the Firstborn of Emah, (part of) the great [Celestial] Wagon, has approached Jupiter, pestilence will come; if it has withdrawn, famine will come." [Langdon 1913-23, 231:4-5, Pl. XVII; Reiner 1995, 20-21, note 73]. '''- could this mean that Polaris was in the pole of the Ursa major as well - the two poles connecting - and hense the rope???'''
	**(b) ...[there is no "b" in his book, p217] ...		**(b) ...[there is no "b" in his book, p217] ...
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	==== Deity.====		==== Deity.====
	The deity <sup>d</sup>DI.KUD or <sup>d</sup>DI.KU<sub>5</sub>, with whom <sup>mul</sup>IBILA.É.MAḪ is correlated in VR 46, 1:13, has various identifications: (1) = <sup>d</sup>''Ma(n)dānu'' = <sup>d</sup>''Daj(j)ānu'' "(Divine) judge," "bearing the throne of Marduk," according to AN: <sup>d</sup>''A-num'' (II 253-254), (2) = ''~~Ishtaran~~'', according to <sup>d</sup>(''iš-ta-ran'')DI. KUD = dumu <sup>d</sup>Tišpak.ke<sub>4</sub> in AN: <sup>d</sup>''A-num'' (V 289), (3) = a mythological personage from ~~Shamash~~'s entourage, "the judge of ~~Shamash~~," according to AN: <sup>d</sup>''A-num'' (III 174) [Litke 1998, 97 (especially note 254), 135, 195]. Which of these identities is implied here remains undisclosed.		The deity <sup>d</sup>DI.KUD or <sup>d</sup>DI.KU<sub>5</sub>, with whom <sup>mul</sup>IBILA.É.MAḪ is correlated in VR 46, 1:13, has various identifications: (1) = <sup>d</sup>''Ma(n)dānu'' = <sup>d</sup>''Daj(j)ānu'' "(Divine) judge," "bearing the throne of Marduk," according to AN: <sup>d</sup>''A-num'' (II 253-254), (2) = ''Ištaran'', according to <sup>d</sup>(''iš-ta-ran'')DI. KUD = dumu <sup>d</sup>Tišpak.ke<sub>4</sub> in AN: <sup>d</sup>''A-num'' (V 289), (3) = a mythological personage from Šamaš's entourage, "the judge of Šamaš," according to AN: <sup>d</sup>''A-num'' (III 174) [Litke 1998, 97 (especially note 254), 135, 195]. Which of these identities is implied here remains undisclosed.

	====Identity. ====		====Identity. ====

I3-li2-ab-rat

HermannHunger — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 19:29:16 GMT

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 11 July 2026
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	!Sources!!Identifications		!Sources!!Identifications
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"The Great Star List and ~~Miscellenia~~."'''		\|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellanea."'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>''I''<sub>3</sub>-''li''<sub>2</sub>-''ab''-[''rat''] = <sup>d</sup>''min''(= <sup>d</sup>''Ištaran'') "Ilabrat = ~~Ishtaran~~" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:81; Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>, 137].		* <sup>mul</sup>''I''<sub>3</sub>-''li''<sub>2</sub>-''ab''-[''rat''] = <sup>d</sup>''min''(= <sup>d</sup>''Ištaran'') "Ilabrat = Ištaran" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:81; Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>, 137].
	\|Example		\|Example
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Planisphere K 8538."'''		\|'''"Planisphere K 8538."'''
	* Sector 3: [<sup>d</sup>''Pap-sukkal''] ''sukkal'' AN.NA <''u''> <sup>d</sup>''Iš-tar'' <sup>d</sup>''I''<sub>3</sub>-''li''<sub>2</sub>-''ab-rat'' <sup>mul</sup>Sipa.zi.an.na a "Papsukal, messenger of Anu (and) ~~Ishtar~~, Ilabrat, Faithful Shepherd of Anu" [Koch 1989<ref>''Koch J.'' Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels. Wiesbaden, 1989.</ref>, 56, Abb. 2; 59]; for a parallel without mention of Ilabrat, see MUL.APIN I ii 2 (see Kurtik s22 [[SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]]).		* Sector 3: [<sup>d</sup>''Pap-sukkal''] ''sukkal'' AN.NA <''u''> <sup>d</sup>''Iš-tar'' <sup>d</sup>''I''<sub>3</sub>-''li''<sub>2</sub>-''ab-rat'' <sup>mul</sup>Sipa.zi.an.na a "Papsukal, messenger of Anu (and) Ištar, Ilabrat, Faithful Shepherd of Anu" [Koch 1989<ref>''Koch J.'' Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels. Wiesbaden, 1989.</ref>, 56, Abb. 2; 59]; for a parallel without mention of Ilabrat, see MUL.APIN I ii 2 (see Kurtik s22 [[SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]]).
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

MA2.GUR8

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 19:16:11 GMT

Original Images of Boats/ Ships

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:16, 11 July 2026
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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	=== Transformation ===		=== Transformation ===
	[[File:AncientEridu ArtistImpression.jpg\|thumb\|ancient Eridu, artist impression (CC0, Original image by Таис Гило, public domain).]]		[[File:AncientEridu ArtistImpression.jpg\|thumb\|ancient Eridu, artist impression (CC0, Original image by Таис Гило, public domain).]]
	[[File:Kuphar Quffa Baghdad 1914.jpg\|thumb\|Kuphar/Quffa Baghdad 1914 (CC0). This is how a river boat/ the Ark is described ([[wikipedia:Finkel's_replica_of_Babylonian_ark\|Finkel's reconstruction]]). ]]
	Based on very early sources that pre-date MUL.APIN, Crossen (2015) argues that <sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> originally, around 2000 BCE, was a huge constellation. According to him, it was a huge river boat in which the god Pabilsang (and perhaps some priests) sailed the Euphrates for ritual processions. At that time, the stars that are seen as the goat-head of Capricornus would have been the figurehead at the prow of this ship.		Based on very early sources that pre-date MUL.APIN, Crossen (2015) argues that <sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> originally, around 2000 BCE, was a huge constellation. According to him, it was a huge river boat in which the god Pabilsang (and perhaps some priests) sailed the Euphrates for ritual processions. At that time, the stars that are seen as the goat-head of Capricornus would have been the figurehead at the prow of this ship.

	In contrast, the circular zodiac in Dendera from Ptolemaic Era (1st century BCE) that displays the Babylonian zodiac constellations (while the rest of the uranography is mixed with Egyptian and Greek figures): there, the Boat is only a small barge beneath the front legs of Sagittarius, not even extending to his rear legs.		In contrast, the circular zodiac in Dendera from Ptolemaic Era (1st century BCE) that displays the Babylonian zodiac constellations (while the rest of the uranography is mixed with Egyptian and Greek figures): there, the Boat is only a small barge beneath the front legs of Sagittarius, not even extending to his rear legs. (cf. Egyptian constellation [[Wia]], The Boat)

	For MUL.APIN, which dates around or short before 1000 BCE, we painted the god Pabilsang (Sagittarius) standing in the boat, which is meant as a compromise between these two extremes (much bigger around 2000 BCE, much smaller around 50 BCE).		For MUL.APIN, which dates around or short before 1000 BCE, we painted the god Pabilsang (Sagittarius) standing in the boat, which is meant as a compromise between these two extremes (much bigger around 2000 BCE, much smaller around 50 BCE). <gallery>
			File:MAGUR8 Stellarium sumer.jpg\|MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> as huge, long river boat with figurehead in Sumer ~2300 BCE (Crossen 2015): CC BY SMH.
			File:MAGUR8 Stellarium mulapin.jpg\|MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> as long river boat in MUL.APIN ~1100 BCE (Gullberg et al. 2022): CC BY SMH.
			File:MAGUR8 Stellarium dendera.jpg\|MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> as small river boat, quffah, in Dendera 50 BCE CC BY SMH.
			File:MAGUR8 Stellarium GIF.gif\|MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> - animater version of these three constellation versions (CC BY SMH)
			</gallery>

	==== Original Images of Boats/ Ships ====		==== Original Images of Boats/ Ships ====

			<div style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em;">
			<youtube align=right>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqBQKHl5PeA‎</youtube>
			</div>
	cf. Laursen 2021 for sea-faring ships suggestive of the shape of the waxing Moon.		cf. Laursen 2021 for sea-faring ships suggestive of the shape of the waxing Moon.

	Dilmun Boat shaped votive bowls for the Moon-god Nanna?		Dilmun Boat shaped votive bowls for the Moon-god Nanna?<gallery>
			File:Gypsum Relief of Gardens of Nineveh, North Palace, Nineveh, Iraq, 645-635 BC.jpg\|'''Gypsum Relief of Gardens of Nineveh, North Palace, Nineveh, Iraq'''
			File:Rieten boot relief nineveh palace.jpg\|'''Rieten boot relief nineveh palace'''
			File:Quffah ancMesopot.jpg\|ancient versus modern Quffah (CC BY Ensar Adıgüzel: both images CC0)
			File:Kuphar Quffa Baghdad 1914.jpg\|'''Quffa Baghdad 1914 (CC0)'''
			File:Guffa on the Tigris, Baghdad, 1932.jpg\|'''Guffa on the Tigris, Baghdad, 1932'''
			</gallery>

	===Additional===		===Additional===

File:MAGUR8 Stellarium GIF.gif

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 19:00:14 GMT

Sushoff uploaded File:MAGUR8 Stellarium GIF.gif transformation of MA2.GUR8 (CC BY SMH)

New page

== Summary ==
transformation of MA2.GUR8 (CC BY SMH)
== Licensing ==
{{cc-by-4.0}}

File:MAGUR8 Stellarium dendera.jpg

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 18:59:33 GMT

Sushoff uploaded File:MAGUR8 Stellarium dendera.jpg MA2.GUR8 as small boat, quffah in Dendera -50 BCE: CC BY SMH.

New page

== Summary ==
MA2.GUR8 as small boat, quffah in Dendera -50 BCE: CC BY SMH.
== Licensing ==
{{cc-by-4.0}}

File:MAGUR8 Stellarium mulapin.jpg

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 18:58:34 GMT

Sushoff uploaded File:MAGUR8 Stellarium mulapin.jpg MA2.GUR8 as long river boat in MUL.APIN ~1100 BCE (Gullberg et al. 2022): CC BY SMH.

New page

== Summary ==
MA2.GUR8 as long river boat in MUL.APIN ~1100 BCE (Gullberg et al. 2022): CC BY SMH.
== Licensing ==
{{cc-by-4.0}}

File:MAGUR8 Stellarium sumer.jpg

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 18:57:41 GMT

Sushoff uploaded File:MAGUR8 Stellarium sumer.jpg MA2.GUR8 as huge, long river boat with figurehead in Sumer ~2300 BCE (Crossen 2015): CC BY SMH.

New page

== Summary ==
MA2.GUR8 as huge, long river boat with figurehead in Sumer ~2300 BCE (Crossen 2015): CC BY SMH.
== Licensing ==
{{cc-by-4.0}}

MA2.GUR8

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 18:32:07 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:32, 11 July 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:NeoAssyrian Ship WallPanel Nineveh.png\|thumb\|Neo-Assyrian Ship,Wall Panel from Nineveh (British Museum: BM 124774,a; [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1851-0902-22-a?selectedImageId=1261294001 online])]]		[[File:NeoAssyrian Ship WallPanel Nineveh.png\|thumb\|Neo-Assyrian Ship,Wall Panel from Nineveh (British Museum: BM 124774,a; [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1851-0902-22-a?selectedImageId=1261294001 online])]]
			[[File:Quffah ancMesopot.jpg\|thumb\|ancient versus modern Quffah (CC BY Ensar Adıgüzel: both images CC0)]]
	<sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> (𒀯𒈣𒋽) = ''makurru,''<nowiki/>'the Barge' is a Mesopotamian asterism that is shaped like a river-barge in the area of [[Sagittarius]] and [[Corona Australis]] in the southern part of the Mesopotamian sky. Its shape can be verified by depictions of such barges in artwork, which show that both the prow and the bow of the barge might be pointed upwards at both ends, or decorated with a figurehead at the prow (at least in early times)<ref>Crossen, C. (2015) “The Very Ancient Origins of the Water Constellations”, Sky and Telescope, vol. 129, no. 3, p. 36.</ref>. The term is also used in astronomy for the gibbous Moon (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M<sub>I</sub> 142)'''''.'''''		<sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> (𒀯𒈣𒋽) = ''makurru,''<nowiki/>'the Barge' is a Mesopotamian asterism that is shaped like a river-barge in the area of [[Sagittarius]] and [[Corona Australis]] in the southern part of the Mesopotamian sky. Its shape can be verified by depictions of such barges in artwork, which show that both the prow and the bow of the barge might be pointed upwards at both ends, or decorated with a figurehead at the prow (at least in early times)<ref>Crossen, C. (2015) “The Very Ancient Origins of the Water Constellations”, Sky and Telescope, vol. 129, no. 3, p. 36.</ref>. The term is also used in astronomy for the gibbous Moon (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M<sub>I</sub> 142)'''''.'''''

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	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
	[[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Cap]] [[Category:CrA]]		[[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Cap]] [[Category:CrA]]

	~~[[Category:4workWayne]]~~

File:Quffah ancMesopot.jpg

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 18:31:31 GMT

Sushoff uploaded File:Quffah ancMesopot.jpg ancient versus modern Quffah (CC BY Ensar Adıgüzel: both images CC0)

New page

== Summary ==
ancient versus modern Quffah (CC BY Ensar Adıgüzel: both images CC0)
== Licensing ==
{{cc-by-4.0}}

MA2.GUR8

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 18:29:56 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:29, 11 July 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
			[[File:NeoAssyrian Ship WallPanel Nineveh.png\|thumb\|Neo-Assyrian Ship,Wall Panel from Nineveh (British Museum: BM 124774,a; [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1851-0902-22-a?selectedImageId=1261294001 online])]]
	<sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> (𒀯𒈣𒋽) = ''makurru,''<nowiki/>'the Barge' is a Mesopotamian asterism that is shaped like a river-barge in the area of [[Sagittarius]] and [[Corona Australis]] in the southern part of the Mesopotamian sky. Its shape can be verified by depictions of such barges in artwork, which show that both the prow and the bow of the barge might be pointed upwards at both ends, or decorated with a figurehead at the prow (at least in early times)<ref>Crossen, C. (2015) “The Very Ancient Origins of the Water Constellations”, Sky and Telescope, vol. 129, no. 3, p. 36.</ref>. The term is also used in astronomy for the gibbous Moon (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M<sub>I</sub> 142)'''''.'''''		<sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> (𒀯𒈣𒋽) = ''makurru,''<nowiki/>'the Barge' is a Mesopotamian asterism that is shaped like a river-barge in the area of [[Sagittarius]] and [[Corona Australis]] in the southern part of the Mesopotamian sky. Its shape can be verified by depictions of such barges in artwork, which show that both the prow and the bow of the barge might be pointed upwards at both ends, or decorated with a figurehead at the prow (at least in early times)<ref>Crossen, C. (2015) “The Very Ancient Origins of the Water Constellations”, Sky and Telescope, vol. 129, no. 3, p. 36.</ref>. The term is also used in astronomy for the gibbous Moon (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M<sub>I</sub> 142)'''''.'''''

File:NeoAssyrian Ship WallPanel Nineveh.png

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 18:29:08 GMT

Sushoff uploaded File:NeoAssyrian Ship WallPanel Nineveh.png Neo-Assyrian Ship,Wall Panel from Nineveh (British Museum: BM 124774,a; online: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1851-0902-22-a?selectedImageId=1261294001)

New page

== Summary ==
Neo-Assyrian Ship,Wall Panel from Nineveh (British Museum: BM 124774,a; online: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1851-0902-22-a?selectedImageId=1261294001)
== Licensing ==
{{cc-by-4.0}}

MA2.GUR8

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 18:22:54 GMT

Transformation

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:22, 11 July 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
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	=== Transformation ===		=== Transformation ===
			[[File:AncientEridu ArtistImpression.jpg\|thumb\|ancient Eridu, artist impression (CC0, Original image by Таис Гило, public domain).]]
			[[File:Kuphar Quffa Baghdad 1914.jpg\|thumb\|Kuphar/Quffa Baghdad 1914 (CC0). This is how a river boat/ the Ark is described ([[wikipedia:Finkel's_replica_of_Babylonian_ark\|Finkel's reconstruction]]). ]]
	Based on very early sources that pre-date MUL.APIN, Crossen (2015) argues that <sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> originally, around 2000 BCE, was a huge constellation. According to him, it was a huge river boat in which the god Pabilsang (and perhaps some priests) sailed the Euphrates for ritual processions. At that time, the stars that are seen as the goat-head of Capricornus would have been the figurehead at the prow of this ship.		Based on very early sources that pre-date MUL.APIN, Crossen (2015) argues that <sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> originally, around 2000 BCE, was a huge constellation. According to him, it was a huge river boat in which the god Pabilsang (and perhaps some priests) sailed the Euphrates for ritual processions. At that time, the stars that are seen as the goat-head of Capricornus would have been the figurehead at the prow of this ship.

File:AncientEridu ArtistImpression.jpg

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 18:16:44 GMT

Sushoff uploaded File:AncientEridu ArtistImpression.jpg ancient Eridu, artist impression (CC0, Original image by Таис Гило, public domain).

New page

== Summary ==
ancient Eridu, artist impression (CC0, Original image by Таис Гило, public domain).

== Licensing ==
{{cc-by-4.0}}

MA2.GUR8

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 17:58:42 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 11 July 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	<sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> (𒀯𒈣𒋽) = ''makurru,''<nowiki/>'the Barge' is a Mesopotamian asterism that is shaped like a river-barge in the area of [[Sagittarius]] and [[Corona Australis]] in the southern part of the Mesopotamian sky. Its shape can be verified by depictions of such barges in artwork, which show that both the prow and the bow of the barge ~~are~~ pointed upwards at both ends~~????~~. The term is also used in astronomy for the gibbous Moon (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M<sub>I</sub> 142 or '''''~~Steinkeller from below???)~~.'''''		<sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> (𒀯𒈣𒋽) = ''makurru,''<nowiki/>'the Barge' is a Mesopotamian asterism that is shaped like a river-barge in the area of [[Sagittarius]] and [[Corona Australis]] in the southern part of the Mesopotamian sky. Its shape can be verified by depictions of such barges in artwork, which show that both the prow and the bow of the barge might be pointed upwards at both ends, or decorated with a figurehead at the prow (at least in early times)<ref>Crossen, C. (2015) “The Very Ancient Origins of the Water Constellations”, Sky and Telescope, vol. 129, no. 3, p. 36.</ref>. The term is also used in astronomy for the gibbous Moon (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M<sub>I</sub> 142)'''''.'''''

	~~'''''How to translate'''''~~

	~~Need examples of ancient mes pictures???~~
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	MÁ.GUR<sub>8</sub> = ''makurru'' “The Barge”. <sup>mul</sup>MÁ.GUR<sub>8</sub> ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MÁŠ ~~'''~~(~~EA 15l~~)~~'''~~<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		MÁ.GUR<sub>8</sub> = ''makurru'' “The Barge”. <sup>mul</sup>MÁ.GUR<sub>8</sub> ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MÁŠ (Ea line 15left)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>

	Var. designations:		Var. designations:
	* 1) = <sup>mul</sup>''Makurru'' "Barge, Ship, Vessel"; constellation or star in Sagittarius or Sacerdotal (Sagittarius or Ara) [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 254];		* 1) = <sup>mul</sup>''Makurru'' "Barge, Ship, Vessel"; constellation or star in Sagittarius or Sacerdotal (Sagittarius or Ara) [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 254];
	* 2) epithet of the lunar deity Nanna [Steinkeller 2016<ref>Steinkeller, P. (2010). Nanna/Suen, the Shining Bowl. Alter Orient Und Altes Testament: Veröffentlichungen Zur Kultur Und Geschichte Des Alten Orients Und Des Alten Testaments.</ref>, 620-621; Laursen 2021<ref>Laursen, S. (2021). Dilmun Boat shaped votive bowls for the Moon-god Nanna? Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 32(S1), 291-300.</ref>]'''''.''''' ~~'''~~and ~~cf. Laursen 2021 for sea-faring ships suggestive of the shape of the waxing Moon.'''~~		* 2) epithet of the lunar deity Nanna [Steinkeller 2016<ref>Steinkeller, P. (2010). Nanna/Suen, the Shining Bowl. Alter Orient Und Altes Testament: Veröffentlichungen Zur Kultur Und Geschichte Des Alten Orients Und Des Alten Testaments.</ref>, 620-621; Laursen 2021<ref>Laursen, S. (2021). Dilmun Boat shaped votive bowls for the Moon-god Nanna? Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 32(S1), 291-300.</ref>]'''''.'''''
	~~Dilmun Boat shaped votive bowls for the Moon-god Nanna?~~
			=== Sources and Identifications ===
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
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	\|}		\|}

			=== Transformation ===
			Based on very early sources that pre-date MUL.APIN, Crossen (2015) argues that <sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> originally, around 2000 BCE, was a huge constellation. According to him, it was a huge river boat in which the god Pabilsang (and perhaps some priests) sailed the Euphrates for ritual processions. At that time, the stars that are seen as the goat-head of Capricornus would have been the figurehead at the prow of this ship.

			In contrast, the circular zodiac in Dendera from Ptolemaic Era (1st century BCE) that displays the Babylonian zodiac constellations (while the rest of the uranography is mixed with Egyptian and Greek figures): there, the Boat is only a small barge beneath the front legs of Sagittarius, not even extending to his rear legs.

			For MUL.APIN, which dates around or short before 1000 BCE, we painted the god Pabilsang (Sagittarius) standing in the boat, which is meant as a compromise between these two extremes (much bigger around 2000 BCE, much smaller around 50 BCE).

			==== Original Images of Boats/ Ships ====
			cf. Laursen 2021 for sea-faring ships suggestive of the shape of the waxing Moon.

			Dilmun Boat shaped votive bowls for the Moon-god Nanna?
	===Additional===		===Additional===

References (Babylonian)

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 17:47:21 GMT

References Not In Kurtik

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 |Cooley (2013)
 |Cooley, J. (2013). Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative.
 |-
 |Fadhil and Hilgert (2007)

MA2.GUR8

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 17:37:31 GMT

Additional

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:37, 11 July 2026
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	*(S) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹''ša''<sub>2</sub>˺ ''ina'' ugu ma<sub>2</sub>.˹gur<sub>8</sub>˺		*(S) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹''ša''<sub>2</sub>˺ ''ina'' ugu ma<sub>2</sub>.˹gur<sub>8</sub>˺
	*"(Asterism) Pabilsag, which is over the River-Barge" [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":2" />, BM 78161:30-31], see also (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]].		*"(Asterism) Pabilsag, which is over the River-Barge" [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":2" />, BM 78161:30-31], see also (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]].
	\|[[File:~~Pabilsag-over-MA2GUR8~~.~~png~~\|thumb\|~~Babylonian constellations Pabilsag over the River Barge~~ (~~CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium~~).]]		\|
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!GU Q
			!GU R + S
			\|-
			\|[[File:GU_XVII.jpg\|thumb\|GU (Q) = GU XVII]]
			\|[[File:GU_XVIII+GU_XIX.jpg\|thumb\|GU R+S = GU XVIII+GU XIX]]
			\|}
	\|}		\|}

	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity.====		==== Deity.====
	The boat-deity or ship was among the sacred attributes of many gods [Salonen-Opificius 1969<ref>''Salonen A'', ''Opificius R.'' Götterboot // RlA. 1969. Bd. 3, Lief. 6. S. 463-466.</ref>; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 360; Kurtik 1998, 34-35]. Festivals dedicated to them were already celebrated in the epoch of the III dynasty of Ur [Sallaberger I<ref>''Sallaberger W''. Der kultische Kalender der Ur III-Zeit. Teil 1-2. Berlin-N.Y., Walter de Gruyter, 1993.</ref>, 216-219]. To which exact deity the River-Barge constellation refers to, from the list of MUL.APIN, remains unclear.		The boat-deity or ship was among the sacred attributes of many gods [Salonen-Opificius 1969<ref>''Salonen A'', ''Opificius R.'' Götterboot // RlA. 1969. Bd. 3, Lief. 6. S. 463-466.</ref>; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 360; Kurtik 1998, 34-35]. Festivals dedicated to them were already celebrated in the epoch of the III dynasty of Ur [Sallaberger I<ref>''Sallaberger W''. Der kultische Kalender der Ur III-Zeit. Teil 1-2. Berlin-N.Y., Walter de Gruyter, 1993.</ref>, 216-219]. To which exact deity the River-Barge constellation refers to, from the list of MUL.APIN, remains unclear.

	====~~III.~~ Symbol.====		====Symbol.====
	The River Barge. Numerous depictions of this type of vessel are present on seals, reliefs, and in pottery from the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE and later [Salonen-Opificius 1969<ref>''Salonen A'', ''Opificius R.'' Götterboot // RlA. 1969. Bd. 3, Lief. 6. S. 463-466.</ref>; Kurtik 1998, 34-37; Kurtik 2023]. ''<u>'''The outlines and the figure of the Ship constellation is not known.'''</u>''		The River Barge. Numerous depictions of this type of vessel are present on seals, reliefs, and in pottery from the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE and later [Salonen-Opificius 1969<ref>''Salonen A'', ''Opificius R.'' Götterboot // RlA. 1969. Bd. 3, Lief. 6. S. 463-466.</ref>; Kurtik 1998, 34-37; Kurtik 2023]. ''<u>'''The outlines and the figure of the Ship constellation is not known.'''</u>''

	==== ~~IV. Identification~~.====		==== Previous Identifications.====
	according to [Koch 1992<ref name=":4">''Koch J.'' Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 59:27-28] in the GU-text: mul [''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''maš'']-˹''a-ti''˺ — β Her, murub<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>''-ba''<sub>4</sub> — η Oph, ''šu šumēlû''(2,30) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag ša<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ugu ban — θ Oph and [<sup>mul</sup>m]a<sub>2</sub>.gur<sub>8</sub> — θ Arae.		according to [Koch 1992<ref name=":4">''Koch J.'' Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 59:27-28] in the GU-text: mul [''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''maš'']-˹''a-ti''˺ — β Her, murub<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>''-ba''<sub>4</sub> — η Oph, ''šu šumēlû''(2,30) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag ša<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ugu ban — θ Oph and [<sup>mul</sup>m]a<sub>2</sub>.gur<sub>8</sub> — θ Arae.

PA.BIL.SAG

Sushoff — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 17:16:39 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:16, 11 July 2026
Line 118:		Line 118:
	* (S) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹''ša''<sub>2</sub>˺ ''ina'' ugu ma<sub>2</sub>.˹gur<sub>8</sub>˺ "(Star) Pabilsag, which is higher than the Ship" (ι Sag) [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":8" />, BM 78161:30-31], see also (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]].		* (S) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹''ša''<sub>2</sub>˺ ''ina'' ugu ma<sub>2</sub>.˹gur<sub>8</sub>˺ "(Star) Pabilsag, which is higher than the Ship" (ι Sag) [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":8" />, BM 78161:30-31], see also (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]].
	\|		\|
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!GU Q
			!GU R + S
			\|-
			\|[[File:GU XVII.jpg\|thumb\|GU (Q) = GU XVII ]]
			\|[[File:GU XVIII+GU XIX.jpg\|thumb\|GU R+S = GU XVIII+GU XIX]]
			\|}
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Dalbanna-text.'''		\|'''Dalbanna-text.'''

Jirradella

Ericmamajek — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 08:44:08 GMT

added discussion star beta TrA

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:44, 11 July 2026
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	Beta Trianguli Australis lacks a proper name in [https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=bet+TrA SIMBAD], the [[wikipedia:Beta_Trianguli_Australis\|wikipedia]], Bright Star Catalog (4th, 5th editions), and Kunitzsch & Smart (2006). see also http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/betatra.html		Beta Trianguli Australis lacks a proper name in [https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=bet+TrA SIMBAD], the [[wikipedia:Beta_Trianguli_Australis\|wikipedia]], Bright Star Catalog (4th, 5th editions), and Kunitzsch & Smart (2006). see also http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/betatra.html

			β TrA (GJ 601A, HD 141891, HR 5897, HIP 77952) is a bright (apparent V magnitude 2.85) and nearby (12.4 parsecs) star of spectral type F1V. Although it appears in the Washington Double Star catalog (WDS J15551-6326A, LDS 542), the "B" component (WDS J15551-6326B, GJ 601B, LTT 6333) is an unrelated background star at roughly 280 parsecs distance. Thus far, β TrA appears to be single.

	== Weblinks ==		== Weblinks ==

Burangalul

Ericmamajek — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 08:29:28 GMT

update on star info

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:29, 11 July 2026
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	==IAU Working Group on Star Names==		==IAU Working Group on Star Names==
	The name was ~~suggested to~~ IAU WGSN in 2023. α Mus ~~( HR 4798; HIP 61585~~, ~~Vmag 2.65, [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=alf+Mus&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id SIMBAD]) is a multiple or double~~ star, ~~a B2-type blue giant.~~		The Wardaman name Burangalul was proposed in IAU WGSN deliberations in 2023 for α Mus, the brightest star in the constellation Musca, which had not previously had any star names adopted yet by WGSN.

	~~the WGSN chose ... (~~not ~~to apply/ to apply the name to a neighbouring~~ star~~/ to~~ .~~..) in the IAU-CSN.~~


			α Mus (HD 109668, HR 4798, HIP 61585) is a spectral type B2IV star with apparent V magnitude 2.65 ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=alf+Mus&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id SIMBAD]) situated approximately 97 parsecs away. The star is part of a multiple system, IDed in Washington Double Star catalog as WDS J12372-6908. There is a 13th magnitude companion 13 arcseconds away that shares motion with α Mus (IDed in SIMBAD as alf Mus B, HD 109668B, or Gaia DR3 5855593385874666368), however thus far this component is not yet in WDS. Stars B, C, D, E of WDS J12372-6908 do not share motion with α Mus, and hence do not appear to be physical companions. WDS also splits α Mus itself (WDS J12372-6908A) into an Aa+Ab pair reported by [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013MNRAS.436.1694R/abstract Rizzuto et al. (2013)], for which they report having resolved the system twice in 2010. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.424.1925C Chini et al. (2012)] reported α Mus as a SB2 spectroscopic binary, confirming that the close companion is bright enough to be detected spectroscopically as well. Rizzuto et al. reported the companion to be ~2.7 magnitudes fainter than the primary (in a broad wavelength range of ~550-800nm), and its position angle changed by roughly 25 degrees in less than a month between July and August 2010, consistent with the orbital period being roughly a year. Given the small differences in magnitudes, the companion Ab is likely a late B-type star. The α Mus system is part of the Lower Centaurus Crux subregion of the [[wikipedia:Scorpius–Centaurus_association\|Scorpius-Centaurus association]] - the nearest such large association containing numerous hot, young stars (with ages of roughly 10 million years).

	== Weblinks ==		== Weblinks ==

Arin-majlep

Ericmamajek — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 07:01:15 GMT

updated discussion on eps Aql

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:01, 11 July 2026
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	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	The name was discussed and adopted for the star ε Aql by the IAU WGSN in 2026. The brightest star of the asterism already had an IAU-name, so ~~that we decided to~~ name the second brightest.		The name was discussed and adopted for the star ε Aql by the IAU WGSN in 2026. The brightest star of the asterism already had an IAU-name, so WGSN adopted the name for the second brightest star in the asterism.

			ε Aql (HD 176411, HR 7176, HIP 93244) is a K giant star with apparent V magnitude of 4.02, approximately 55 parsecs away. As it is a previously unnamed spectroscopic binary (catalogued SBC9 1109), the name Arin-majlep is technically assigned to the primary star.

	== Weblinks ==		== Weblinks ==

	* {{NAMESPACE}}		* {{NAMESPACE}}
			* SIMBAD entry for ε Aql. https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=eps+Aql

	== References ==		== References ==

Custos

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:16:58 GMT

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 [[File:Custos profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg|thumb|Custos profile card (CC BY M.Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU WGSN).]]
 [[File:Custos stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg|thumb|Custos stick figure (CC BY M.Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU WGSN).]]
 The modern IAU-star name "Custos" commemorates the obsolete Early Modern constellation [[Custos Messium]], the Harvest Keeper.

Cursa

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:16:27 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Cursa is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 23875 (β Eri, HR 1666) in constellation Eri.

Cujam

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:14:34 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Cujam is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Latin. It is the name of HIP 80463 (ω Her, HR 6117) in constellation Her.

Cor Caroli

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:13:57 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Cor Caroli is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Latin. It is the name of HIP 63125 (α<sup>2</sup> CVn, HR 4915) in constellation CVn.

Copernicus

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:12:28 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Copernicus is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Latin. It is the name of HIP 43587 (55 Cnc, HR 3522) in constellation Cnc.

Cocibolca

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:12:03 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Cocibolca is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Spanish. It is the name of HIP 3479 (HD 4208) in constellation Scl.

Citala

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:11:09 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Citalá is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Nawat language. It is the name of HIP 33719 (HD 52265) in constellation Mon.

Citadelle

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:10:39 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Citadelle is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is French. It is the name of HIP 1547 (HD 1502) in constellation Psc.

Chertan

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:09:55 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
 ----
 Chertan is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 54879 (θ Leo, HR 4359) in constellation Leo.

Chechia

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:07:10 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Chechia is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Tunisian Arabic. It is the name of HIP 99894 (HD 192699) in constellation Aql.

Chason

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:06:43 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Chasoň is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Slovakian. It is the name of the star HAT-P-5 in constellation Lyr.

Chaophraya

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:06:20 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:06, 11 July 2026
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	\| translation = the great river of Thailand		\| translation = the great river of Thailand
	\| pronounce =		\| pronounce =
	\| IPA = ~~[chaophraya]~~		\| IPA =
	\| culture = IAU		\| culture = IAU
	\| RA = 43.688059		\| RA = 43.688059

Chara

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:06:15 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Chara is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). It is the name of HIP 61317 (β CVn, HR 4785) in constellation CVn.

Chaophraya

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:05:39 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Chaophraya is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Thai. It is the name of WASP-50 in constellation Eri.

Chamukuy

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:05:17 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Chamukuy is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Yucatec. It is the name of HIP 20894 (θ<sup>2</sup> Tau, HR 1412) in constellation Tau.

Chalawan

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:04:41 GMT

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 Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 Chalawan is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Thai. It is the name of HIP 53721 (47 UMa, HR 4277) in constellation UMa.

Cexing

YoulaAzkarrula — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 03:03:09 GMT

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 [[File:Cexing profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg|thumb|Cexing profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU-WGSN).]]
 [[File:Cexing stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg|thumb|Cexing stickfigure (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU-WGSN).]]
 [[Ce|Cè]] (Whip, 策) or Cexing (whip star) is a traditional Chinese star name representing the horsewhip, located beside the asterism [[Wangliang|Wangliang (王良)]] and closely associated with both [[Wangliang]] and [[Tiansi|Tiansi (天駟)]]. It belongs to the Gān school. A name variant is Tiance (celestial whip).