ŠU.PA - Revision history

Sushoff at 19:29, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T19:29:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 26 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-03-05T15:58:40Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 5 March 2026
Line 6:		Line 6:

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU<sub>4</sub>.PA; = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Šūpû'' "Magnificent, brilliant"(?);		Var. reading:

			* <sup>mul</sup>ŠU<sub>4</sub>.PA;
			* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Šūpû'' "Magnificent, brilliant"(?);

	Var. designations:		Var. designations:

Sushoff at 15:44, 5 March 2026

2026-03-05T15:44:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:44, 5 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation ~~Bootes~~ is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "~~bootes~~" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

	The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93). '''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''		The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93). '''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

Sushoff at 16:05, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T16:05:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 26 February 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|~~'''~~ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).''']]		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.
	~~'''Work~~ to ~~be one~~ with ~~2nd paragraph~~ of ~~opening section~~ and ~~Alb - pa~~.~~e --~~> ~~su.pa.e3 --~~> ~~sul~~.pa.~~e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''~~

	<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93). '''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''

	The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 13:46, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T13:46:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:46, 26 February 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|'''''ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).''''']]		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|'''ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).''']]
	'''''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''''		'''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''

	<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star (Arcturus) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

	The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93).		The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93).
Line 45:		Line 45:
	* (1) List (12´3):		* (1) List (12´3):
	** a) mul ''ša i-na ṭu-ri-ša'' gub-[''zu''] / sa<sub>5</sub> ''i-na pu-ut ni-ru'' <sup>d</sup>''En''-[''lil''<sub>2</sub>] "The star which stand[s] on its (i.e. <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da.<an.na>) rope , (it is) the red (star) on the front of the yoke, En[lil]" (B iii 11-12); presumably <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa [BPO 2, 5] is meant here, cf, however, (Kurtik m09) [[MAR.GID2.DA.AN.NA\|MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA.AN.NA]],		** a) mul ''ša i-na ṭu-ri-ša'' gub-[''zu''] / sa<sub>5</sub> ''i-na pu-ut ni-ru'' <sup>d</sup>''En''-[''lil''<sub>2</sub>] "The star which stand[s] on its (i.e. <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da.<an.na>) rope , (it is) the red (star) on the front of the yoke, En[lil]" (B iii 11-12); presumably <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa [BPO 2, 5] is meant here, cf, however, (Kurtik m09) [[MAR.GID2.DA.AN.NA\|MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA.AN.NA]],
	** (b) mul gal ''nam-ru ša ina'' zi im.[xx] / gub <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa uš.uš ki.gub ku[r<sub>2</sub>.kur<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>mul</sup>''Šul-pa-e''<sub>3</sub> sukkal <sup>d</sup>a[mar.utu] "The great shining star<s>, where the wind rises [...], stands (is) Shupa (= Jupiter), (who) changes (its) position constantly: Shulpae, the messenger of M[arduk]" (B iii 21-23). '''''[['''''</s>'''''Retranslate!!!!]]??Akkadian šūpû derived from the Š-stem (causative) of Sumerian pa.e<sub>3</sub> -- shu pa.e3 discuss this???'''''		** (b) mul gal ''nam-ru ša ina'' zi im.[xx] / gub <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa uš.uš ki.gub ku[r<sub>2</sub>.kur<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>mul</sup>''Šul-pa-e''<sub>3</sub> sukkal <sup>d</sup>a[mar.utu] "The great shining star<s>, where the wind rises [...], stands (is) Shupa (= Jupiter), (who) changes (its) position constantly: Shulpae, the messenger of M[arduk]" (B iii 21-23). '''''[['''''</s>'''''Retranslate!!!!]]??Akkadian šūpû derived from the Š-stem (causative) of Sumerian pa.e<sub>3</sub> -- shu pa.e3 discuss this???'''''
	* (2) List (3´12): <sup>iti</sup>kin ... <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa ''šu-ut'' [<sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub>] "Ulul: ...Shupa (on the path of) [Enlil] (rising)" (C iii 6).		* (2) List (3´12): <sup>iti</sup>kin ... <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa ''šu-ut'' [<sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub>] "Ulul: ...Shupa (on the path of) [Enlil] (rising)" (C iii 6).
	* (3) List (rising-sunset=6m): rising is ulul, setting is adar [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 23, 36; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 39, 40], see (Kurtik b11) [[BIR]].		* (3) List (rising-sunset=6m): rising is ulul, setting is adar [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 23, 36; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 39, 40], see (Kurtik b11) [[BIR]].

WayneHorowitz at 10:52, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T10:52:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 26 February 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|'''''ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).''''']]
			'''''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''''

	<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star (Arcturus) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star (Arcturus) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

	The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (~~'''''??RIM = AKA 98~~ vii 93).~~??'''''?~~		The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-02-26T09:44:45Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:44, 26 February 2026
Line 2:		Line 2:
	----		----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]
	<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star (Arcturus) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star (Arcturus) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

			The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' ('''''??RIM = AKA 98 vii 93).??'''''?

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU<sub>4</sub>.PA; = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Šūpû'' "Magnificent, brilliant"(?);		Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU<sub>4</sub>.PA; = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Šūpû'' "Magnificent, brilliant"(?);
Line 40:		Line 43:
	* (1) List (12´3):		* (1) List (12´3):
	** a) mul ''ša i-na ṭu-ri-ša'' gub-[''zu''] / sa<sub>5</sub> ''i-na pu-ut ni-ru'' <sup>d</sup>''En''-[''lil''<sub>2</sub>] "The star which stand[s] on its (i.e. <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da.<an.na>) rope , (it is) the red (star) on the front of the yoke, En[lil]" (B iii 11-12); presumably <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa [BPO 2, 5] is meant here, cf, however, (Kurtik m09) [[MAR.GID2.DA.AN.NA\|MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA.AN.NA]],		** a) mul ''ša i-na ṭu-ri-ša'' gub-[''zu''] / sa<sub>5</sub> ''i-na pu-ut ni-ru'' <sup>d</sup>''En''-[''lil''<sub>2</sub>] "The star which stand[s] on its (i.e. <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da.<an.na>) rope , (it is) the red (star) on the front of the yoke, En[lil]" (B iii 11-12); presumably <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa [BPO 2, 5] is meant here, cf, however, (Kurtik m09) [[MAR.GID2.DA.AN.NA\|MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA.AN.NA]],
	** (b) mul gal ''nam-ru ša ina'' zi im.[xx] / gub <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa uš.uš ki.gub ku[r<sub>2</sub>.kur<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>mul</sup>''Šul-pa-e''<sub>3</sub> sukkal <sup>d</sup>a[mar.utu] "The great shining star, where the wind rises [...], stands (is) Shupa (= Jupiter), (who) changes (its) position constantly: Shulpae, the messenger of M[arduk]" (B iii 21-23).		** (b) mul gal ''nam-ru ša ina'' zi im.[xx] / gub <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa uš.uš ki.gub ku[r<sub>2</sub>.kur<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>mul</sup>''Šul-pa-e''<sub>3</sub> sukkal <sup>d</sup>a[mar.utu] "The great shining star<s>, where the wind rises [...], stands (is) Shupa (= Jupiter), (who) changes (its) position constantly: Shulpae, the messenger of M[arduk]" (B iii 21-23). '''''[['''''</s>'''''Retranslate!!!!]]??Akkadian šūpû derived from the Š-stem (causative) of Sumerian pa.e<sub>3</sub> -- shu pa.e3 discuss this???'''''
	* (2) List (3´12): <sup>iti</sup>kin ... <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa ''šu-ut'' [<sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub>] "Ulul: ...Shupa (on the path of) [Enlil] (rising)" (C iii 6).		* (2) List (3´12): <sup>iti</sup>kin ... <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa ''šu-ut'' [<sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub>] "Ulul: ...Shupa (on the path of) [Enlil] (rising)" (C iii 6).
	* (3) List (rising-sunset=6m): rising is ulul, setting is adar [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 23, 36; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 39, 40], see (Kurtik b11) [[BIR]].		* (3) List (rising-sunset=6m): rising is ulul, setting is adar [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 23, 36; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 39, 40], see (Kurtik b11) [[BIR]].

Sushoff at 09:18, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T09:18:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:18, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]
	<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star (Arcturus) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star (Arcturus) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

Sushoff at 11:33, 8 January 2026

2026-01-08T11:33:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:33, 8 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]
	<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star (Arcturus) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star (Arcturus) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

	~~=== Krebernik (2023) ===~~
	Most probably a pseudo-sumerogram (influenced by Sum. pa-è “to shine”) for Akk. ''šūpû'' “brilliant, exalted”, cf. the syllabic spelling ''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 cited in Horowitz 2014<ref ~~name=":0"~~>~~Horowitz, W.~~ (~~2014~~), ~~The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33~~.</ref>~~, 148, fn. 1043. <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA (EN 13l).~~

	~~=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim =~~==
	Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU<sub>4</sub>.PA; = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Šūpû'' "Magnificent, brilliant"(?);		Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU<sub>4</sub>.PA; = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Šūpû'' "Magnificent, brilliant"(?);

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	* 1) a constellation in [[Bootes\|Boötes]],		* 1) a constellation in [[Bootes\|Boötes]],
	* 2) [[Arcturus]] (α Bootis) [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":1">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 385; BPO 2<ref name=":2">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 15; MA<ref name=":3">Hunger, H. and J. M. Steele (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 125], see also (Kurtik sh18) [[ŠUDUN]].		* 2) [[Arcturus]] (α Bootis) [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":1">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 385; BPO 2<ref name=":2">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 15; MA<ref name=":3">Hunger, H. and J. M. Steele (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 125], see also (Kurtik sh18) [[ŠUDUN]].
			Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023):<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref><blockquote>Most probably a pseudo-sumerogram (influenced by Sum. pa-è “to shine”) for Akk. ''šūpû'' “brilliant, exalted”, cf. the syllabic spelling ''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 cited in Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 148, fn. 1043. <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA (EN 13l).</blockquote>

	==== Sources & Identification(s) ====		==== Sources & Identification(s) ====

InitTeam at 07:42, 3 January 2026

2026-01-03T07:42:26Z

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