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Ṣalbatānu - Revision history
2026-04-14T17:52:23Z
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Sushoff at 19:19, 26 March 2026
2026-03-26T19:19:09Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Authors: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Gennady E. Kurtik, </del>{{PAGEAUTHORS}}<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, Euin Choung Kim</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.</div></td></tr>
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Sushoff
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Sushoff at 09:13, 17 January 2026
2026-01-17T09:13:26Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:13, 17 January 2026</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">----</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.</div></td></tr>
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Sushoff
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InitTeam at 21:19, 9 January 2026
2026-01-09T21:19:09Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:19, 9 January 2026</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|'''Early evidence from the end of the Old Babylonian (Early Kassite?) period.'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|'''Early evidence from the end of the Old Babylonian (Early Kassite?) period.'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*(1) A prediction text describing the extirpation: <sup>mul</sup>''ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu i-na-ap-pa-ḫa-am-ma bu-la u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫal-la-aq'' "Mars will rise and destroy the cattle" [Nougayrol 1971<ref>''Nougayrol J.'' Nouveaux textex sur le ''ziCCu'' (II) // RA. 1971. Vol. 65, № 1. P. 67-84.</ref>, 72, AO 7539:62]; an unpublished parallel from Ras Shamra (RS 23.38* rev. 13′) is mentioned in [ibid., 82].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*(1) A prediction text describing the extirpation: <sup>mul</sup>''ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu i-na-ap-pa-ḫa-am-ma bu-la u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫal-la-aq'' "Mars will rise and destroy the cattle" [Nougayrol 1971<ref <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">name=":18"</ins>>''Nougayrol J.'' Nouveaux textex sur le ''ziCCu'' (II) // RA. 1971. Vol. 65, № 1. P. 67-84.</ref>, 72, AO 7539:62]; an unpublished parallel from Ras Shamra (RS 23.38* rev. 13′) is mentioned in [ibid.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref name=":18" /></ins>, 82].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*(2) Ancient Babylonian prediction text on lunar eclipses (BM 22696:23): [''Ṣa-al-b'']''a-ta-nu-um i-ta-ab-bi-am-ma bu-lam u''<sub>2</sub>-[''ḫal-la-aq'']-''ma'', cited in [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 235, note 2].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*(2) Ancient Babylonian prediction text on lunar eclipses (BM 22696:23): [''Ṣa-al-b'']''a-ta-nu-um i-ta-ab-bi-am-ma bu-lam u''<sub>2</sub>-[''ḫal-la-aq'']-''ma'', cited in [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref name=":19">''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref></ins>, 235, note 2].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*(3) Ancient Babylonian prediction text on lunar eclipses (BM 86381 i 22f.): ''ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu i-ta-bu-ma bu-lam u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫal-la-aq'' "Mars will rise and destroy the cattle," quoted in [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 125, note 7].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*(3) Ancient Babylonian prediction text on lunar eclipses (BM 86381 i 22f.): ''ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu i-ta-bu-ma bu-lam u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫal-la-aq'' "Mars will rise and destroy the cattle," quoted in [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ins>, 125, note 7].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*(4) A list of predictions concerning "the darkening (or eclipse) of the sun" (<sup>d</sup>UTU ''a-di-ir''): BE DINGIR ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''du-ri-iš i-ru-ub'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu-um i-ša-aḫ-ḫ-ḫ-ḫi-iṭ-ma'' [...] / ''bu-ul'' GIR<sub>3</sub> (possibly -''am'') ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫa-al-la-aq'' "If the god (= sun?) darkens (var: gloomily flickers): Mars is angry(?) [...], livestock will die?" [Dietrich 1996<ref>''Dietrich M.'' Altbabylonische Omina zur Sonnenfinsternis // WZKM 86, 99-106.</ref>, 101: p. 26-27]; see also below III 14-15.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*(4) A list of predictions concerning "the darkening (or eclipse) of the sun" (<sup>d</sup>UTU ''a-di-ir''): BE DINGIR ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''du-ri-iš i-ru-ub'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu-um i-ša-aḫ-ḫ-ḫ-ḫi-iṭ-ma'' [...] / ''bu-ul'' GIR<sub>3</sub> (possibly -''am'') ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫa-al-la-aq'' "If the god (= sun?) darkens (var: gloomily flickers): Mars is angry(?) [...], livestock will die?" [Dietrich 1996<ref>''Dietrich M.'' Altbabylonische Omina zur Sonnenfinsternis // WZKM 86, 99-106.</ref>, 101: p. 26-27]; see also below III 14-15.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> (13) The rising of Mars in various months; [DIŠ <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-n'']''u ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ŠU IGI.LAL KI.NA<sub>2</sub> ''qu-ra-di'' DAGAL "[If Mar]s becomes visible in the month of duzu: cemetery of warriors will increase" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 114:2], see also [ibid.<ref name=":13" />, 143 r. 4; 341:1-2]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI-[''ir''] / BURU<sub>14</sub> KUR SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''bi'' KUR DUG<sub>3</sub>-''ab'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ulul: the harvest of the country will be abundant; the heart of the country will be happy" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 419:1-3]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GUD <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI.LAL MI<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ GAL<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ / ''šal-pu''<sub>2</sub>-''tim'' ERIM-''man-da'' / ERIM-''man-da'' LU<sub>2</sub>.gim-''ra-a-a'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ayar: there will be hostilities; destruction of Umman-manda, Umman-manda (means) the Cimmerians" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 100:25].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> (13) The rising of Mars in various months; [DIŠ <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-n'']''u ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ŠU IGI.LAL KI.NA<sub>2</sub> ''qu-ra-di'' DAGAL "[If Mar]s becomes visible in the month of duzu: cemetery of warriors will increase" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 114:2], see also [ibid.<ref name=":13" />, 143 r. 4; 341:1-2]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI-[''ir''] / BURU<sub>14</sub> KUR SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''bi'' KUR DUG<sub>3</sub>-''ab'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ulul: the harvest of the country will be abundant; the heart of the country will be happy" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 419:1-3]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GUD <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI.LAL MI<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ GAL<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ / ''šal-pu''<sub>2</sub>-''tim'' ERIM-''man-da'' / ERIM-''man-da'' LU<sub>2</sub>.gim-''ra-a-a'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ayar: there will be hostilities; destruction of Umman-manda, Umman-manda (means) the Cimmerians" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 100:25].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> (14) The rising/setting of Mars and the destruction of livestock; <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM SAR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "The planet will rise and destroy livestock" [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 235, EAE 20, § II.2 + note 2], see also (15); <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' TU-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZA[Ḫ<sub>2</sub>] "Mars will set and destroy cattle" [ibid., 170, EAE 19, Section III, Source A: 8].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> (14) The rising/setting of Mars and the destruction of livestock; <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM SAR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "The planet will rise and destroy livestock" [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref name=":19" /></ins>, 235, EAE 20, § II.2 + note 2], see also (15); <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' TU-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZA[Ḫ<sub>2</sub>] "Mars will set and destroy cattle" [ibid., 170, EAE 19, Section III, Source A: 8].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> (15) The eclipse of the Moon, the rising of Mars, and the destruction of cattle; DIŠ UD.16.KAM AN.MI GAR ''im-ḫul-lu'' KUR-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' KUR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "If an eclipse (of the Moon) occurs on the 16th day (of the month): a hurricane will come, Mars will rise and rui[n] the cattle" [ibid. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 253, EAE 22 part I § I:3].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> (15) The eclipse of the Moon, the rising of Mars, and the destruction of cattle; DIŠ UD.16.KAM AN.MI GAR ''im-ḫul-lu'' KUR-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' KUR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "If an eclipse (of the Moon) occurs on the 16th day (of the month): a hurricane will come, Mars will rise and rui[n] the cattle" [ibid. [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref name=":19" /></ins>, 253, EAE 22 part I § I:3].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> (16) Mars stands in the east; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat'']-''a-nu ina'' IM.KUR.RA GUB-''iz'' ZI''-ut'' SU.BIR<sub>4</sub><sup>ki</sup> / ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''kaš-ši-i a-na'' KUR "[If Ma]rs stands in the east: Subartu and the Kassites will attack the country" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 81 r. 1-2; 114:4-5].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> (16) Mars stands in the east; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat'']-''a-nu ina'' IM.KUR.RA GUB-''iz'' ZI''-ut'' SU.BIR<sub>4</sub><sup>ki</sup> / ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''kaš-ši-i a-na'' KUR "[If Ma]rs stands in the east: Subartu and the Kassites will attack the country" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 81 r. 1-2; 114:4-5].</div></td></tr>
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InitTeam
https://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=%E1%B9%A2albat%C4%81nu&diff=36503&oldid=prev
Sushoff at 17:19, 8 January 2026
2026-01-08T17:19:54Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:19, 8 January 2026</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l125">Line 125:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Additional===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Additional===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">II. </del>Deity.====</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Deity.====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> The planet Mars was associated with Nergal, lord of the underworld, who was also regarded as the god of plague, war, and destruction (see n18). The name is often spelled with the determinative d. The origin of the name Ṣalbatānu appears to be mysterious [HCH<ref>''Hunger H., Stephenson F.R., Walker C.B.F., Yau K.K.C.'' Halley's Comet in History / Ed. by F.R.Stephenson and C.B.F.Walker. L.: British Museum Publ., 1985.</ref> 16; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 7]. Lambert suggests that ṣalbatānu derives from ṣarbatānu, a rare form of the adjective formed from ṣarbû, lit. "pertaining to poplar," and connects it presumably with <sup>d</sup>lugal.giš.asal<sub>2</sub> = [''be-el ṣa'']''r''-BE (AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' VI 72 [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 205]), a deity from Nergal's retinue [Lambert 1996<ref name=":16">''Lambert W.G.'' The etymology and meaning of ialbatānu // NABU. 1996, n<sup>o</sup> 4, p. 108, 123).</ref>; Brown 2000<ref>''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 55]. However, it remains unclear why the most widespread name of Mars, whose astrological significance seems to be enormous, is associated with such an insignificant figure of the Mesopotamian pantheon? The Greek lexicographer Hesychius gives the Babylonian name of Mars as the following: Βελέβατος. ὁ τοῡ πυρὸς ἀστήρ. Βαβυλώνιοι. "B/Celebatos: fire star: Babylonians," derived apparently from Akkadian Ṣalbatānu [TLG 4085-002 Β 479], see also [Lambert 1996<ref name=":16" />; Reynolds 1998<ref name=":14" />, 350]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> The planet Mars was associated with Nergal, lord of the underworld, who was also regarded as the god of plague, war, and destruction (see n18). The name is often spelled with the determinative d. The origin of the name Ṣalbatānu appears to be mysterious [HCH<ref>''Hunger H., Stephenson F.R., Walker C.B.F., Yau K.K.C.'' Halley's Comet in History / Ed. by F.R.Stephenson and C.B.F.Walker. L.: British Museum Publ., 1985.</ref> 16; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 7]. Lambert suggests that ṣalbatānu derives from ṣarbatānu, a rare form of the adjective formed from ṣarbû, lit. "pertaining to poplar," and connects it presumably with <sup>d</sup>lugal.giš.asal<sub>2</sub> = [''be-el ṣa'']''r''-BE (AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' VI 72 [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 205]), a deity from Nergal's retinue [Lambert 1996<ref name=":16">''Lambert W.G.'' The etymology and meaning of ialbatānu // NABU. 1996, n<sup>o</sup> 4, p. 108, 123).</ref>; Brown 2000<ref>''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 55]. However, it remains unclear why the most widespread name of Mars, whose astrological significance seems to be enormous, is associated with such an insignificant figure of the Mesopotamian pantheon? The Greek lexicographer Hesychius gives the Babylonian name of Mars as the following: Βελέβατος. ὁ τοῡ πυρὸς ἀστήρ. Βαβυλώνιοι. "B/Celebatos: fire star: Babylonians," derived apparently from Akkadian Ṣalbatānu [TLG 4085-002 Β 479], see also [Lambert 1996<ref name=":16" />; Reynolds 1998<ref name=":14" />, 350]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l140">Line 140:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*(10) Ritual actions with the sacred drum before Mars and Saturn; UD-25-KAM<sub>2</sub> ''ina nu-bat''-[''ti''] / LI.LI.IZ<sub>3</sub> ''ina'' IGI <sup>d</sup>[U].GU[R] / ''ina'' UGU ''ku-zip-pi'' / ''ša'' LUGAL ''iš-šak-kan'' / ''ša'' <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ ''is-se-niš'' / ''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-pu-uš'' "On the 25th day (of the month), at nig[ht], a drum will be placed in front of [N]erga[l] (= Mars) on top of the royal robes. At the same time we will perform (the chants of) Saturn" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 340:9 - p. 2].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*(10) Ritual actions with the sacred drum before Mars and Saturn; UD-25-KAM<sub>2</sub> ''ina nu-bat''-[''ti''] / LI.LI.IZ<sub>3</sub> ''ina'' IGI <sup>d</sup>[U].GU[R] / ''ina'' UGU ''ku-zip-pi'' / ''ša'' LUGAL ''iš-šak-kan'' / ''ša'' <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ ''is-se-niš'' / ''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-pu-uš'' "On the 25th day (of the month), at nig[ht], a drum will be placed in front of [N]erga[l] (= Mars) on top of the royal robes. At the same time we will perform (the chants of) Saturn" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 340:9 - p. 2].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">III. </del>Astrology.====</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Astrology.====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=====Identifications:=====</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=====Identifications:=====</div></td></tr>
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Sushoff
https://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=%E1%B9%A2albat%C4%81nu&diff=36453&oldid=prev
Sushoff at 11:16, 8 January 2026
2026-01-08T11:16:29Z
<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:16, 8 January 2026</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Visibility & Appearance==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Visibility & Appearance==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Template:Mars}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Template:Mars}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Concordance, Etymology, History<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Concordance, Etymology, History<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>[[Mesopotamian </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">All Terms</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Planetarium Babylonicum 2</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia</ins>.</<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ref</ins>>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most common name for Mars, occurring in texts of all categories [Gössman 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 360; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> Ṣ]. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The exact meaning and etymology uncertain.<ref name=":17">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' (AN 21l).<ref name=":17" /> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===Krebernik </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2023</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“Mars”</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The exact meaning and etymology uncertain</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>mul</del></<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sup</del>><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' (AN 21l).</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim, Safford=</del>==</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most common name for Mars, occurring in texts of all categories [Gössman 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 360; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> Ṣ]. </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><sup>ul / d</sup>''Ṣal'' is a rarely used abbreviation for <sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' "Mars." See ''<sup>d</sup>Ṣal'' in [TCL 6<ref name=":1">Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see TU.</ref>, 13 obv. ii 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, rev. ii 5; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref name=":2">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA 77, 207-228.</ref>, 213-214, 221 note 19], and ''<sup>ul</sup>Ṣal'' GUR''<sub>4</sub>'' "Brilliant Mars" in the circular chart [TCL 6<ref name=":1" />, 13 obv.; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref name=":2" />, 224]. See also [Hunger 1969, 138]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><sup>ul / d</sup>''Ṣal'' is a rarely used abbreviation for <sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' "Mars." See ''<sup>d</sup>Ṣal'' in [TCL 6<ref name=":1">Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see TU.</ref>, 13 obv. ii 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, rev. ii 5; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref name=":2">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA 77, 207-228.</ref>, 213-214, 221 note 19], and ''<sup>ul</sup>Ṣal'' GUR''<sub>4</sub>'' "Brilliant Mars" in the circular chart [TCL 6<ref name=":1" />, 13 obv.; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref name=":2" />, 224]. See also [Hunger 1969, 138]. </div></td></tr>
</table>
Sushoff
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InitTeam at 15:49, 6 January 2026
2026-01-06T15:49:11Z
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InitTeam
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JanSafford: /* Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim */
2025-12-26T15:10:51Z
<p><span class="autocomment">Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim</span></p>
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JanSafford
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InitTeam at 13:16, 10 September 2025
2025-09-10T13:16:25Z
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InitTeam
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WayneHorowitz at 10:17, 8 September 2025
2025-09-08T10:17:05Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:17, 8 September 2025</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ancient Mesopotamian standard </del>name for the planet <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mars</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">most common </ins>name for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz ??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting </ins>the planet<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'s unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010 reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Visibility & Appearance ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Visibility & Appearance ==</div></td></tr>
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WayneHorowitz
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Sushoff at 16:48, 19 August 2025
2025-08-19T16:48:57Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:48, 19 August 2025</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dictionary</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Concordance, Etymology, History</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Krebernik (2023) ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Krebernik (2023) ===</div></td></tr>
</table>
Sushoff