Ṣalbatānu - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 12:02, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T12:02:44Z

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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Akkadian]]		[[Category:Akkadian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Planet]]		[[Category:Planet]]
	[[Category:Solar System]]		[[Category:Solar System]]

JanSafford at 12:40, 24 April 2026

2026-04-24T12:40:06Z

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JanSafford: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[2] */

2026-04-24T12:35:01Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

Sushoff at 19:19, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T19:19:09Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	<sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.		<sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.

Sushoff at 09:13, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T09:13:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:13, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	<sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.		<sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.

InitTeam at 21:19, 9 January 2026

2026-01-09T21:19:09Z

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	\|'''Early evidence from the end of the Old Babylonian (Early Kassite?) period.'''		\|'''Early evidence from the end of the Old Babylonian (Early Kassite?) period.'''
	(1) A prediction text describing the extirpation: <sup>mul</sup>''ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu i-na-ap-pa-ḫa-am-ma bu-la u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫal-la-aq'' "Mars will rise and destroy the cattle" [Nougayrol 1971<ref>''Nougayrol J.'' Nouveaux textex sur le ''ziCCu'' (II) // RA. 1971. Vol. 65, № 1. P. 67-84.</ref>, 72, AO 7539:62]; an unpublished parallel from Ras Shamra (RS 23.38 rev. 13′) is mentioned in [ibid., 82].		(1) A prediction text describing the extirpation: <sup>mul</sup>''ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu i-na-ap-pa-ḫa-am-ma bu-la u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫal-la-aq'' "Mars will rise and destroy the cattle" [Nougayrol 1971<ref name=":18">''Nougayrol J.'' Nouveaux textex sur le ''ziCCu'' (II) // RA. 1971. Vol. 65, № 1. P. 67-84.</ref>, 72, AO 7539:62]; an unpublished parallel from Ras Shamra (RS 23.38 rev. 13′) is mentioned in [ibid.<ref name=":18" />, 82].
	*(2) Ancient Babylonian prediction text on lunar eclipses (BM 22696:23): [''Ṣa-al-b'']''a-ta-nu-um i-ta-ab-bi-am-ma bu-lam u''<sub>2</sub>-[''ḫal-la-aq'']-''ma'', cited in [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 235, note 2].		*(2) Ancient Babylonian prediction text on lunar eclipses (BM 22696:23): [''Ṣa-al-b'']''a-ta-nu-um i-ta-ab-bi-am-ma bu-lam u''<sub>2</sub>-[''ḫal-la-aq'']-''ma'', cited in [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":19">''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref>, 235, note 2].
	*(3) Ancient Babylonian prediction text on lunar eclipses (BM 86381 i 22f.): ''ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu i-ta-bu-ma bu-lam u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫal-la-aq'' "Mars will rise and destroy the cattle," quoted in [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 125, note 7].		*(3) Ancient Babylonian prediction text on lunar eclipses (BM 86381 i 22f.): ''ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu i-ta-bu-ma bu-lam u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫal-la-aq'' "Mars will rise and destroy the cattle," quoted in [Rochberg-Halton 1988''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22)., 125, note 7].
	*(4) A list of predictions concerning "the darkening (or eclipse) of the sun" (<sup>d</sup>UTU ''a-di-ir''): BE DINGIR ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''du-ri-iš i-ru-ub'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu-um i-ša-aḫ-ḫ-ḫ-ḫi-iṭ-ma'' [...] / ''bu-ul'' GIR<sub>3</sub> (possibly -''am'') ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫa-al-la-aq'' "If the god (= sun?) darkens (var: gloomily flickers): Mars is angry(?) [...], livestock will die?" [Dietrich 1996<ref>''Dietrich M.'' Altbabylonische Omina zur Sonnenfinsternis // WZKM 86, 99-106.</ref>, 101: p. 26-27]; see also below III 14-15.		*(4) A list of predictions concerning "the darkening (or eclipse) of the sun" (<sup>d</sup>UTU ''a-di-ir''): BE DINGIR ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''du-ri-iš i-ru-ub'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣa-al-ba-ta-nu-um i-ša-aḫ-ḫ-ḫ-ḫi-iṭ-ma'' [...] / ''bu-ul'' GIR<sub>3</sub> (possibly -''am'') ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ḫa-al-la-aq'' "If the god (= sun?) darkens (var: gloomily flickers): Mars is angry(?) [...], livestock will die?" [Dietrich 1996<ref>''Dietrich M.'' Altbabylonische Omina zur Sonnenfinsternis // WZKM 86, 99-106.</ref>, 101: p. 26-27]; see also below III 14-15.
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	(13) The rising of Mars in various months; [DIŠ <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-n'']''u ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ŠU IGI.LAL KI.NA<sub>2</sub> ''qu-ra-di'' DAGAL "[If Mar]s becomes visible in the month of duzu: cemetery of warriors will increase" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 114:2], see also [ibid.<ref name=":13" />, 143 r. 4; 341:1-2]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI-[''ir''] / BURU<sub>14</sub> KUR SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''bi'' KUR DUG<sub>3</sub>-''ab'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ulul: the harvest of the country will be abundant; the heart of the country will be happy" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 419:1-3]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GUD <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI.LAL MI<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ GAL<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ / ''šal-pu''<sub>2</sub>-''tim'' ERIM-''man-da'' / ERIM-''man-da'' LU<sub>2</sub>.gim-''ra-a-a'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ayar: there will be hostilities; destruction of Umman-manda, Umman-manda (means) the Cimmerians" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 100:25].		(13) The rising of Mars in various months; [DIŠ <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-n'']''u ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ŠU IGI.LAL KI.NA<sub>2</sub> ''qu-ra-di'' DAGAL "[If Mar]s becomes visible in the month of duzu: cemetery of warriors will increase" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 114:2], see also [ibid.<ref name=":13" />, 143 r. 4; 341:1-2]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI-[''ir''] / BURU<sub>14</sub> KUR SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''bi'' KUR DUG<sub>3</sub>-''ab'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ulul: the harvest of the country will be abundant; the heart of the country will be happy" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 419:1-3]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GUD <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI.LAL MI<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ GAL<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ / ''šal-pu''<sub>2</sub>-''tim'' ERIM-''man-da'' / ERIM-''man-da'' LU<sub>2</sub>.gim-''ra-a-a'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ayar: there will be hostilities; destruction of Umman-manda, Umman-manda (means) the Cimmerians" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 100:25].

	(14) The rising/setting of Mars and the destruction of livestock; <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM SAR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "The planet will rise and destroy livestock" [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 235, EAE 20, § II.2 + note 2], see also (15); <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' TU-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZA[Ḫ<sub>2</sub>] "Mars will set and destroy cattle" [ibid., 170, EAE 19, Section III, Source A: 8].		(14) The rising/setting of Mars and the destruction of livestock; <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM SAR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "The planet will rise and destroy livestock" [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":19" />, 235, EAE 20, § II.2 + note 2], see also (15); <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' TU-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZA[Ḫ<sub>2</sub>] "Mars will set and destroy cattle" [ibid., 170, EAE 19, Section III, Source A: 8].

	(15) The eclipse of the Moon, the rising of Mars, and the destruction of cattle; DIŠ UD.16.KAM AN.MI GAR ''im-ḫul-lu'' KUR-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' KUR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "If an eclipse (of the Moon) occurs on the 16th day (of the month): a hurricane will come, Mars will rise and rui[n] the cattle" [ibid. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 253, EAE 22 part I § I:3].		(15) The eclipse of the Moon, the rising of Mars, and the destruction of cattle; DIŠ UD.16.KAM AN.MI GAR ''im-ḫul-lu'' KUR-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' KUR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "If an eclipse (of the Moon) occurs on the 16th day (of the month): a hurricane will come, Mars will rise and rui[n] the cattle" [ibid. [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":19" />, 253, EAE 22 part I § I:3].

	(16) Mars stands in the east; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat'']-''a-nu ina'' IM.KUR.RA GUB-''iz'' ZI''-ut'' SU.BIR<sub>4</sub><sup>ki</sup> / ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''kaš-ši-i a-na'' KUR "[If Ma]rs stands in the east: Subartu and the Kassites will attack the country" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 81 r. 1-2; 114:4-5].		(16) Mars stands in the east; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat'']-''a-nu ina'' IM.KUR.RA GUB-''iz'' ZI''-ut'' SU.BIR<sub>4</sub><sup>ki</sup> / ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''kaš-ši-i a-na'' KUR "[If Ma]rs stands in the east: Subartu and the Kassites will attack the country" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 81 r. 1-2; 114:4-5].

Sushoff at 17:19, 8 January 2026

2026-01-08T17:19:54Z

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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	====~~II.~~ Deity.====		====Deity.====
	The planet Mars was associated with Nergal, lord of the underworld, who was also regarded as the god of plague, war, and destruction (see n18). The name is often spelled with the determinative d. The origin of the name Ṣalbatānu appears to be mysterious [HCH<ref>''Hunger H., Stephenson F.R., Walker C.B.F., Yau K.K.C.'' Halley's Comet in History / Ed. by F.R.Stephenson and C.B.F.Walker. L.: British Museum Publ., 1985.</ref> 16; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 7]. Lambert suggests that ṣalbatānu derives from ṣarbatānu, a rare form of the adjective formed from ṣarbû, lit. "pertaining to poplar," and connects it presumably with <sup>d</sup>lugal.giš.asal<sub>2</sub> = [''be-el ṣa'']''r''-BE (AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' VI 72 [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 205]), a deity from Nergal's retinue [Lambert 1996<ref name=":16">''Lambert W.G.'' The etymology and meaning of ialbatānu // NABU. 1996, n<sup>o</sup> 4, p. 108, 123).</ref>; Brown 2000<ref>''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 55]. However, it remains unclear why the most widespread name of Mars, whose astrological significance seems to be enormous, is associated with such an insignificant figure of the Mesopotamian pantheon? The Greek lexicographer Hesychius gives the Babylonian name of Mars as the following: Βελέβατος. ὁ τοῡ πυρὸς ἀστήρ. Βαβυλώνιοι. "B/Celebatos: fire star: Babylonians," derived apparently from Akkadian Ṣalbatānu [TLG 4085-002 Β 479], see also [Lambert 1996<ref name=":16" />; Reynolds 1998<ref name=":14" />, 350].		The planet Mars was associated with Nergal, lord of the underworld, who was also regarded as the god of plague, war, and destruction (see n18). The name is often spelled with the determinative d. The origin of the name Ṣalbatānu appears to be mysterious [HCH<ref>''Hunger H., Stephenson F.R., Walker C.B.F., Yau K.K.C.'' Halley's Comet in History / Ed. by F.R.Stephenson and C.B.F.Walker. L.: British Museum Publ., 1985.</ref> 16; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 7]. Lambert suggests that ṣalbatānu derives from ṣarbatānu, a rare form of the adjective formed from ṣarbû, lit. "pertaining to poplar," and connects it presumably with <sup>d</sup>lugal.giš.asal<sub>2</sub> = [''be-el ṣa'']''r''-BE (AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' VI 72 [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 205]), a deity from Nergal's retinue [Lambert 1996<ref name=":16">''Lambert W.G.'' The etymology and meaning of ialbatānu // NABU. 1996, n<sup>o</sup> 4, p. 108, 123).</ref>; Brown 2000<ref>''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 55]. However, it remains unclear why the most widespread name of Mars, whose astrological significance seems to be enormous, is associated with such an insignificant figure of the Mesopotamian pantheon? The Greek lexicographer Hesychius gives the Babylonian name of Mars as the following: Βελέβατος. ὁ τοῡ πυρὸς ἀστήρ. Βαβυλώνιοι. "B/Celebatos: fire star: Babylonians," derived apparently from Akkadian Ṣalbatānu [TLG 4085-002 Β 479], see also [Lambert 1996<ref name=":16" />; Reynolds 1998<ref name=":14" />, 350].

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	*(10) Ritual actions with the sacred drum before Mars and Saturn; UD-25-KAM<sub>2</sub> ''ina nu-bat''-[''ti''] / LI.LI.IZ<sub>3</sub> ''ina'' IGI <sup>d</sup>[U].GU[R] / ''ina'' UGU ''ku-zip-pi'' / ''ša'' LUGAL ''iš-šak-kan'' / ''ša'' <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ ''is-se-niš'' / ''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-pu-uš'' "On the 25th day (of the month), at nig[ht], a drum will be placed in front of [N]erga[l] (= Mars) on top of the royal robes. At the same time we will perform (the chants of) Saturn" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 340:9 - p. 2].		*(10) Ritual actions with the sacred drum before Mars and Saturn; UD-25-KAM<sub>2</sub> ''ina nu-bat''-[''ti''] / LI.LI.IZ<sub>3</sub> ''ina'' IGI <sup>d</sup>[U].GU[R] / ''ina'' UGU ''ku-zip-pi'' / ''ša'' LUGAL ''iš-šak-kan'' / ''ša'' <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ ''is-se-niš'' / ''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-pu-uš'' "On the 25th day (of the month), at nig[ht], a drum will be placed in front of [N]erga[l] (= Mars) on top of the royal robes. At the same time we will perform (the chants of) Saturn" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 340:9 - p. 2].

	====~~III.~~ Astrology.====		====Astrology.====

	=====Identifications:=====		=====Identifications:=====

Sushoff at 11:16, 8 January 2026

2026-01-08T11:16:29Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ṣalbatānu''}}

	<sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.		<sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣalbatānu'' (𒀯𒉌𒁁𒀀𒉡) is the most common name for Mars in cuneiform. Many names for Mars are also available, particularly in the Great Star List (Koch-Westenholz??-??) where most of these names are malefic reflecting the planet's unlucky character in astrology. For benefic and malefic planets in general see Rochberg 2010<ref>Rochberg, F. (2010). In the Path of the Moon. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</ref> reprinted in Rochberg 2022: 135-142.

	==Visibility & Appearance==		==Visibility & Appearance==
	{{Template:Mars}}		{{Template:Mars}}

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
			The most common name for Mars, occurring in texts of all categories [Gössman 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 360; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> Ṣ]. The exact meaning and etymology uncertain.<ref name=":17">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' (AN 21l).<ref name=":17" />
	~~===Krebernik~~ (~~2023~~)~~===~~
	~~“Mars”~~. ~~The exact meaning and etymology uncertain~~. ~~<sup>mul~~</~~sup~~>~~''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' (AN 21l).~~

	~~===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim, Safford=~~==
	The most common name for Mars, occurring in texts of all categories [Gössman 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 360; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> Ṣ].

	<sup>ul / d</sup>''Ṣal'' is a rarely used abbreviation for <sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' "Mars." See ''<sup>d</sup>Ṣal'' in [TCL 6<ref name=":1">Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see TU.</ref>, 13 obv. ii 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, rev. ii 5; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref name=":2">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA 77, 207-228.</ref>, 213-214, 221 note 19], and ''<sup>ul</sup>Ṣal'' GUR''<sub>4</sub>'' "Brilliant Mars" in the circular chart [TCL 6<ref name=":1" />, 13 obv.; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref name=":2" />, 224]. See also [Hunger 1969, 138].		<sup>ul / d</sup>''Ṣal'' is a rarely used abbreviation for <sup>mul / d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' "Mars." See ''<sup>d</sup>Ṣal'' in [TCL 6<ref name=":1">Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see TU.</ref>, 13 obv. ii 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, rev. ii 5; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref name=":2">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA 77, 207-228.</ref>, 213-214, 221 note 19], and ''<sup>ul</sup>Ṣal'' GUR''<sub>4</sub>'' "Brilliant Mars" in the circular chart [TCL 6<ref name=":1" />, 13 obv.; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref name=":2" />, 224]. See also [Hunger 1969, 138].

InitTeam at 15:49, 6 January 2026

2026-01-06T15:49:11Z

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JanSafford: /* Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim */

2025-12-26T15:10:51Z

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

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	See. [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 380b; ~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 351-352].		See. [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 380b; SAA 8<ref name=":13">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 351-352].
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	(7) = Star Cluster; see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], V 1, 15-16.		(7) = Star Cluster; see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], V 1, 15-16.

	(8) = Wolf; <sup>mul</sup>UR.BAR.RA = <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 48:5], see also (Kurtik u18) [[UR.BAR.RA]], IV 1, (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]], VI		(8) = Wolf; <sup>mul</sup>UR.BAR.RA = <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 48:5], see also (Kurtik u18) [[UR.BAR.RA]], IV 1, (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]], VI

	(9) = Bow; see (Kurtik a04) [[A2.mušen\|A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]], VI 13.		(9) = Bow; see (Kurtik a04) [[A2.mušen\|A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]], VI 13.
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	=====Predictions:=====		=====Predictions:=====
	(11) General astrological meaning; [<sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu''] ''a-na mu-ta-ni qa-bi'' "[Mars] is said to (predict) death" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 114:3].		(11) General astrological meaning; [<sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu''] ''a-na mu-ta-ni qa-bi'' "[Mars] is said to (predict) death" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 114:3].

	(12) The visibility of Mars; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM GU<sub>4</sub>.UD <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' MU.NI ''ša''<sub>2</sub>-''ru-ru iš-ši'' LUGAL NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> ''i-dan''-[''nin''] "If the leaping planet, whose name is Mars, radiates: the king of Elam will be strengthen[ed]" [Largement 1957<ref name=":10" />, 244:46; TU, 16:46] (for a parallel see [SpTU I, 92:2]), Mercury's standard designation GU<sub>4</sub>.UD = ''šiḫṭu'' "Leap," here given apparently by mistake; [DIŠ] <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu um-mu-liš'' KUR-''ma'' ŠE.ER.ZI.MEŠ-''šu''<sub>2</sub> SIG<sub>7</sub> / LUGAL NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> "[If] Mars rises flickering and it emits in yellow-green: the king of Elam will die" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 114:6-7], see also [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 100: 18-19], (Kurtik n19) [[Nergal\|<sup>d</sup>''Nergal'']], IV 1; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu u''<sub>2</sub>-''ta-na-at-ma'' SIG<sub>5</sub> ''ib-il-ma a-ḫi-tu''<sub>2</sub> "If Mars becomes weak, it is good, (if it becomes) brilliant, it is bad" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 114 r. 3]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' [ŠE.ER.ZI IL<sub>2</sub>-''ši''] / LUGAL ''i-dan-nin-''[''ma'' NIG<sub>2</sub>.TUK x x] "If Mars [bears radiance]: the power and [welfare] of the king will increase" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 104 r. 10-11]; DIŠ ''ina'' AN-''e mi-i''[''š-ḫu ša'' <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI] / RI.RI.GA: [ŠUB-''tim bu-lim ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>] "If the mi[šḫu of Mars is seen in the sky: (there will be) an epidemic, var: [there will be cattle grazing in the country]" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 104 r. 12-13].		(12) The visibility of Mars; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM GU<sub>4</sub>.UD <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' MU.NI ''ša''<sub>2</sub>-''ru-ru iš-ši'' LUGAL NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> ''i-dan''-[''nin''] "If the leaping planet, whose name is Mars, radiates: the king of Elam will be strengthen[ed]" [Largement 1957<ref name=":10" />, 244:46; TU, 16:46] (for a parallel see [SpTU I, 92:2]), Mercury's standard designation GU<sub>4</sub>.UD = ''šiḫṭu'' "Leap," here given apparently by mistake; [DIŠ] <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu um-mu-liš'' KUR-''ma'' ŠE.ER.ZI.MEŠ-''šu''<sub>2</sub> SIG<sub>7</sub> / LUGAL NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> "[If] Mars rises flickering and it emits in yellow-green: the king of Elam will die" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 114:6-7], see also [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 100: 18-19], (Kurtik n19) [[Nergal\|<sup>d</sup>''Nergal'']], IV 1; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu u''<sub>2</sub>-''ta-na-at-ma'' SIG<sub>5</sub> ''ib-il-ma a-ḫi-tu''<sub>2</sub> "If Mars becomes weak, it is good, (if it becomes) brilliant, it is bad" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 114 r. 3]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' [ŠE.ER.ZI IL<sub>2</sub>-''ši''] / LUGAL ''i-dan-nin-''[''ma'' NIG<sub>2</sub>.TUK x x] "If Mars [bears radiance]: the power and [welfare] of the king will increase" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 104 r. 10-11]; DIŠ ''ina'' AN-''e mi-i''[''š-ḫu ša'' <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI] / RI.RI.GA: [ŠUB-''tim bu-lim ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>] "If the mi[šḫu of Mars is seen in the sky: (there will be) an epidemic, var: [there will be cattle grazing in the country]" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 104 r. 12-13].

	(13) The rising of Mars in various months; [DIŠ <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-n'']''u ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ŠU IGI.LAL KI.NA<sub>2</sub> ''qu-ra-di'' DAGAL "[If Mar]s becomes visible in the month of duzu: cemetery of warriors will increase" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 114:2], see also [ibid.<ref name=":13" />, 143 r. 4; 341:1-2]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI-[''ir''] / BURU<sub>14</sub> KUR SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''bi'' KUR DUG<sub>3</sub>-''ab'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ulul: the harvest of the country will be abundant; the heart of the country will be happy" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 419:1-3]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GUD <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI.LAL MI<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ GAL<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ / ''šal-pu''<sub>2</sub>-''tim'' ERIM-''man-da'' / ERIM-''man-da'' LU<sub>2</sub>.gim-''ra-a-a'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ayar: there will be hostilities; destruction of Umman-manda, Umman-manda (means) the Cimmerians" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 100:25].		(13) The rising of Mars in various months; [DIŠ <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-n'']''u ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ŠU IGI.LAL KI.NA<sub>2</sub> ''qu-ra-di'' DAGAL "[If Mar]s becomes visible in the month of duzu: cemetery of warriors will increase" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 114:2], see also [ibid.<ref name=":13" />, 143 r. 4; 341:1-2]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI-[''ir''] / BURU<sub>14</sub> KUR SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''bi'' KUR DUG<sub>3</sub>-''ab'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ulul: the harvest of the country will be abundant; the heart of the country will be happy" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 419:1-3]; DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GUD <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' IGI.LAL MI<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ GAL<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ / ''šal-pu''<sub>2</sub>-''tim'' ERIM-''man-da'' / ERIM-''man-da'' LU<sub>2</sub>.gim-''ra-a-a'' "If Mars becomes visible in the month of ayar: there will be hostilities; destruction of Umman-manda, Umman-manda (means) the Cimmerians" [SAA 10<ref name=":5" />, 100:25].

	(14) The rising/setting of Mars and the destruction of livestock; <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM SAR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "The planet will rise and destroy livestock" [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":19" />, 235, EAE 20, § II.2 + note 2], see also (15); <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' TU-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZA[Ḫ<sub>2</sub>] "Mars will set and destroy cattle" [ibid., 170, EAE 19, Section III, Source A: 8].		(14) The rising/setting of Mars and the destruction of livestock; <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM SAR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "The planet will rise and destroy livestock" [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":19" />, 235, EAE 20, § II.2 + note 2], see also (15); <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' TU-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZA[Ḫ<sub>2</sub>] "Mars will set and destroy cattle" [ibid., 170, EAE 19, Section III, Source A: 8].
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	(15) The eclipse of the Moon, the rising of Mars, and the destruction of cattle; DIŠ UD.16.KAM AN.MI GAR ''im-ḫul-lu'' KUR-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' KUR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "If an eclipse (of the Moon) occurs on the 16th day (of the month): a hurricane will come, Mars will rise and rui[n] the cattle" [ibid. [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":19" />, 253, EAE 22 part I § I:3].		(15) The eclipse of the Moon, the rising of Mars, and the destruction of cattle; DIŠ UD.16.KAM AN.MI GAR ''im-ḫul-lu'' KUR-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' KUR-''ma'' MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> "If an eclipse (of the Moon) occurs on the 16th day (of the month): a hurricane will come, Mars will rise and rui[n] the cattle" [ibid. [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":19" />, 253, EAE 22 part I § I:3].

	(16) Mars stands in the east; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat'']-''a-nu ina'' IM.KUR.RA GUB-''iz'' ZI''-ut'' SU.BIR<sub>4</sub><sup>ki</sup> / ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''kaš-ši-i a-na'' KUR "[If Ma]rs stands in the east: Subartu and the Kassites will attack the country" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 81 r. 1-2; 114:4-5].		(16) Mars stands in the east; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat'']-''a-nu ina'' IM.KUR.RA GUB-''iz'' ZI''-ut'' SU.BIR<sub>4</sub><sup>ki</sup> / ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''kaš-ši-i a-na'' KUR "[If Ma]rs stands in the east: Subartu and the Kassites will attack the country" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 81 r. 1-2; 114:4-5].

	(17) Mars stands in the north; [DIŠ] <sup>˹d˺</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ina'' IM.SI.SA<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz'' / UŠ<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ GAL.MEŠ ZI-''bu'' LUGAL URI<sup>ki</sup> ''ana'' KUR KUR<sub>2</sub> "[If] the planet(=Mars) stands in the north: there will be death; an attack on the king of Akkad in enemy territory" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" /> 81 r 1-2; 114:5] [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 341:3-4].		(17) Mars stands in the north; [DIŠ] <sup>˹d˺</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ina'' IM.SI.SA<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz'' / UŠ<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ GAL.MEŠ ZI-''bu'' LUGAL URI<sup>ki</sup> ''ana'' KUR KUR<sub>2</sub> "[If] the planet(=Mars) stands in the north: there will be death; an attack on the king of Akkad in enemy territory" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" /> 81 r 1-2; 114:5] [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 341:3-4].

	(18) Mars’ influence on the stars; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>]UDU.IDIM MUL.MEŠ AN-''e u''<sub>2</sub>-''lap-pat'' / LUGAL KUR.KUR ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''qat-ti'' / <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu i-ba-il-ma'' / MUL.MEŠ ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''lap-pat-ma'' "[If] a planet influences the stars of the heavens: the king will overpower (lit. finish off) (all) countries, (meaning): Mars has great brilliance and influences the stars" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 327 r. 3′-6′].		(18) Mars’ influence on the stars; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>]UDU.IDIM MUL.MEŠ AN-''e u''<sub>2</sub>-''lap-pat'' / LUGAL KUR.KUR ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''qat-ti'' / <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu i-ba-il-ma'' / MUL.MEŠ ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''lap-pat-ma'' "[If] a planet influences the stars of the heavens: the king will overpower (lit. finish off) (all) countries, (meaning): Mars has great brilliance and influences the stars" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 327 r. 3′-6′].

	(19) Mars is the Star of the Western Country (=Amurru); <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' MUL KUR MAR.TU<sup>ki</sup> / ḪUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> KUR MAR.TU<sup>ki</sup> ''u'' NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> "Mars is the star of Amurru; evil for Amurru and Elam" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 383 r. 5-8], see also [ibid.<ref name=":13" />, 412 r. 2].		(19) Mars is the Star of the Western Country (=Amurru); <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' MUL KUR MAR.TU<sup>ki</sup> / ḪUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> KUR MAR.TU<sup>ki</sup> ''u'' NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> "Mars is the star of Amurru; evil for Amurru and Elam" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 383 r. 5-8], see also [ibid.<ref name=":13" />, 412 r. 2].

	(20) Mars is the star of Subartu; <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a''-[''nu'' MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub>] KUR SU.BIR<sub>4</sub><sup>ki</sup> ''ba-ʼi-il'' / ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''ša-ru''-[''r'']''u na-ši'' SIG<sub>5</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> KUR SU.BIR<sub>4</sub><sup>ki</sup> ''šu-u''<sub>2</sub> "Mar[s, the star] of Subartu, has great brilliance and shin[e]s; this is good for Subartu" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 491 r. 7-8].		(20) Mars is the star of Subartu; <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a''-[''nu'' MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub>] KUR SU.BIR<sub>4</sub><sup>ki</sup> ''ba-ʼi-il'' / ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''ša-ru''-[''r'']''u na-ši'' SIG<sub>5</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> KUR SU.BIR<sub>4</sub><sup>ki</sup> ''šu-u''<sub>2</sub> "Mar[s, the star] of Subartu, has great brilliance and shin[e]s; this is good for Subartu" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 491 r. 7-8].

	(21) Mars and the Moon; ˹DIŠ˺ <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu ana'' IGI 30 TE-''ma'' GUB-''iz'' / <sup><d></sup>30 KUR ḪUL-''ta'' TUŠ-''ib'' "If Mars stands close to the front of the Moon: the moon-god will relocate a bad? country" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 311:1-2]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ina'' SI KAB 30 GUB LUGAL ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''tu''<sub>2</sub> DU<sub>3</sub>-''uš'' "If a planet (=Mars) stands on the left horn of the Moon: the king will succeed in ruling the world" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 311:3]; DIŠ MUL ''ina'' IGI 30 KAB GUB ... "If the star (=Mars) stands on the left horn of the Moon: (the apodosis is the same)" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 311:4]; DIŠ MUL ''ina'' EGIR 30 KAB GUB LUGAL URI<sup>ki</sup> ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''tu''<sub>2</sub> DU<sub>3</sub>-''uš'' "If the star (=Mars) stands to the left behind the Moon: the king of Akkad will succeed in ruling the world" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 311:5]; DIŠ MUL ''ina'' SI 150 30 GUB KUR KUR<sub>2</sub> ḪUL I[GI] "If the star (=Mars) stands on the left horn of the Moon: an enemy country will exp[erience] evil" [~~ARAK~~<ref name=":13" />, 311 r. 1]; for close predictions relating to Mars, see also [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 311:7-10, r. 2-7; 484:1-6].		(21) Mars and the Moon; ˹DIŠ˺ <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu ana'' IGI 30 TE-''ma'' GUB-''iz'' / <sup><d></sup>30 KUR ḪUL-''ta'' TUŠ-''ib'' "If Mars stands close to the front of the Moon: the moon-god will relocate a bad? country" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 311:1-2]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ina'' SI KAB 30 GUB LUGAL ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''tu''<sub>2</sub> DU<sub>3</sub>-''uš'' "If a planet (=Mars) stands on the left horn of the Moon: the king will succeed in ruling the world" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 311:3]; DIŠ MUL ''ina'' IGI 30 KAB GUB ... "If the star (=Mars) stands on the left horn of the Moon: (the apodosis is the same)" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 311:4]; DIŠ MUL ''ina'' EGIR 30 KAB GUB LUGAL URI<sup>ki</sup> ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''tu''<sub>2</sub> DU<sub>3</sub>-''uš'' "If the star (=Mars) stands to the left behind the Moon: the king of Akkad will succeed in ruling the world" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 311:5]; DIŠ MUL ''ina'' SI 150 30 GUB KUR KUR<sub>2</sub> ḪUL I[GI] "If the star (=Mars) stands on the left horn of the Moon: an enemy country will exp[erience] evil" [SAA 8<ref name=":13" />, 311 r. 1]; for close predictions relating to Mars, see also [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 311:7-10, r. 2-7; 484:1-6].

	(22) Mars in the lunar halo; DIŠ 30 TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz'' ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ''ina'' KUR DU<sub>3</sub>.A.BI / ''me-re-šu''<sub>2</sub> ZU<sub>2</sub>.LUM.MA NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / KI.MIN KUR MAR.TU<sup>ki</sup> TUR-''ir'' "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo Mars stands within it: death of cattle in all countries; date plantations will not flourish; var.: the country of the West (=Amurru) will decrease" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 168: 10-r. 2]; ˹DIŠ˺ 30 TUR<sub>3</sub> (NIGIN<sub>2</sub>-ma) <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz'' / LUGAL UŠ<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' KUR-''su'' TUR-''ir'' / LUGAL NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' "If the Moon is (surrounded by) a halo and the Yoke stands in it: the king will die and his country will diminish; the king of Elam will die. Yoke (means) Mars." [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 383 r. 1-3]; DIŠ 30 TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB / LUGAL ERIM-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ''u''<sub>2</sub>''-tas-sar'' "If the moon is surrounded by a halo and a planet (=Mars?) stands in it: the king's troops will be surrounded" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 412:5-6; for parallels and variants see. [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 41:5-8; 49:3-5; 82 r. 3-5; 169:1-4; 181:7-r.4; 317 r. 1-4; 327:8-10; 376:1-r.1; 383:7-10; 412:1-4; 416:1-3; 491:5-7].		(22) Mars in the lunar halo; DIŠ 30 TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz'' ZAḪ<sub>2</sub> MAŠ<sub>2</sub>.ANŠE ''ina'' KUR DU<sub>3</sub>.A.BI / ''me-re-šu''<sub>2</sub> ZU<sub>2</sub>.LUM.MA NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / KI.MIN KUR MAR.TU<sup>ki</sup> TUR-''ir'' "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo Mars stands within it: death of cattle in all countries; date plantations will not flourish; var.: the country of the West (=Amurru) will decrease" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 168: 10-r. 2]; ˹DIŠ˺ 30 TUR<sub>3</sub> (NIGIN<sub>2</sub>-ma) <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz'' / LUGAL UŠ<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' KUR-''su'' TUR-''ir'' / LUGAL NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' "If the Moon is (surrounded by) a halo and the Yoke stands in it: the king will die and his country will diminish; the king of Elam will die. Yoke (means) Mars." [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 383 r. 1-3]; DIŠ 30 TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB / LUGAL ERIM-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ''u''<sub>2</sub>''-tas-sar'' "If the moon is surrounded by a halo and a planet (=Mars?) stands in it: the king's troops will be surrounded" [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 412:5-6; for parallels and variants see. [ARAK<ref name=":13" />, 41:5-8; 49:3-5; 82 r. 3-5; 169:1-4; 181:7-r.4; 317 r. 1-4; 327:8-10; 376:1-r.1; 383:7-10; 412:1-4; 416:1-3; 491:5-7].