AMAR.UTU - Revision history

HermannHunger at 10:43, 7 April 2026

2026-04-07T10:43:42Z

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-04-06T19:56:53Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-04-06T19:14:22Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:14, 6 April 2026
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	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
	The name AMAR.UD, to be read AMAR.UTU is the standard Sumerian writing for Marduk, the city god of Babylon. The name is traditionally interpreted as 'The Calf of the Sun' and reflects the identification of Marduk with Mercury that goes back to the Second Millennium BCE. Marduk's name can be written as a star name with the MUL-determinative, a divine name with determinative DINGIR, or both indicating the deification of Marduk's asterism(s). The issue of Marduk and his asterisms, which include identifications with Mercury, Jupiter (as in MUL.APIN) and others, is considered sub. [[Nēberu]].		The name AMAR.UD, to be read AMAR.UTU is the standard Sumerian writing for Marduk, the city god of Babylon. The name is traditionally interpreted as 'The Calf of the Sun' and reflects the identification of Marduk with Mercury that goes back to the Second Millennium BCE. Marduk's name can be written as a star name with the MUL-determinative, a divine name with determinative DINGIR, or both indicating the deification of Marduk's asterism(s). The issue of Marduk and his asterisms, which include identifications with Mercury, Jupiter (as in MUL.APIN) and others, is considered sub [[Nēberu]].

	'''Var. readings:'''		'''Var. readings:'''
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	* (1) A monolingual Sumerian list from Emar: <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UD [Emar VI/4<ref>''D. Arnaud''. Texte de la bibliothèque, transcriptions et traductions, 1987. (= Emar 6/4).</ref>, 154:109].		* (1) A monolingual Sumerian list from Emar: <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UD [Emar VI/4<ref>''D. Arnaud''. Texte de la bibliothèque, transcriptions et traductions, 1987. (= Emar 6/4).</ref>, 154:109].
	* (2) Urra XXII ~~series~~: <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UD = ''Ma-ru-du-uk'' [Emar VI/4, 151:157], <sup>mul</sup> <sup>d</sup>''Marduk''(AMAR.UTU) = ''ni-bi-ru/ri'' [MSL XI<ref name=":1">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 31, Section 11, col. v 6; Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 112:324′]; parallels [SpTU III<ref name=":2">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 228:128; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 112, VAT 9430:25].		* (2) Series Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UD = ''Ma-ru-du-uk'' [Emar VI/4, 151:157], <sup>mul</sup> <sup>d</sup>''Marduk''(AMAR.UTU) = ''ni-bi-ru/ri'' [MSL XI<ref name=":1">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 31, Section 11, col. v 6; Bloch and Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 112:324′]; parallels [SpTU III<ref name=":2">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 228:128; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 112, VAT 9430:25].
	* (3) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup> <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU = ''ne-bi-ru''<sub>6</sub> = [...] [MSL XI<ref name=":1" />, 40:25].		* (3) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup> <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU = ''ne-bi-ru''<sub>6</sub> = [...] [MSL XI<ref name=":1" />, 40:25].
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	\|'''"Prayers to the night ~~gods.~~"'''		\|'''"Prayers to the gods of the night"'''
	* Neo-Assyrian prayer: <sup>[m]ul d</sup>AMAR.UTU [Oppenheim 1959<ref name=":3">''Oppenheim A.L.'' A New Prayer to the “Gods of the Night” // Analecta biblica. 1959. Vol. 12. P. 282-301.</ref>, 283:19].		* Neo-Assyrian prayer: <sup>[m]ul d</sup>AMAR.UTU [Oppenheim 1959<ref name=":3">''Oppenheim A.L.'' A New Prayer to the “Gods of the Night” // Analecta biblica. 1959. Vol. 12. P. 282-301.</ref>, 283:19].
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	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	* See. [Rochberg ~~and~~ Halton 1988,<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F''. ~~Aspect~~ of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref> 62, 204 (§ VII Rec. B: 7); BPO 2<ref name=":4">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 29-29a; BPO 3<ref name=":5">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, K.2226+:4, K.3124:5; Borger 1973<ref name=":6">''Borger R.'' Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.</ref>, LB 1321 r. 24′, 30′; SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 101:14]. See (Kurtik n15) ''[[Nēberu]]''.		* See. [Rochberg-Halton 1988,<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspects of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref> 62, 204 (§ VII Rec. B: 7); BPO 2<ref name=":4">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 29-29a; BPO 3<ref name=":5">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, K.2226+:4, K.3124:5; Borger 1973<ref name=":6">''Borger R.'' Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.</ref>, LB 1321 r. 24′, 30′; SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 101:14]. See (Kurtik n15) ''[[Nēberu]]''.
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	* Astrolabe B.		* Astrolabe B.
	** (1) List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU at the end of the list of 12 stars of Anu (B ii 32).		** (1) List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU at the end of the list of 12 stars of Anu (B ii 32).
	** (2) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ŠE] ... <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UTU ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "[(Month) ~~addaru~~]: ... Marduk, (Path of) Anu" (C ii 12).		** (2) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ŠE] ... <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UTU ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "[(Month) Addaru]: ... Marduk, (Path of) Anu" (C ii 12).
	** (3) List (sunrise-sunset=6<sup>m</sup>): sunrise—''addaru'', sunset—''ululu'' [KAV 218, C 24, 35; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik k24) [[KU6\|KU<sub>6</sub>]]; for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29].		** (3) List (sunrise-sunset=6<sup>m</sup>): sunrise—''addaru'', sunset—''ululu'' [KAV 218, C 24, 35; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik k24) [[KU6\|KU<sub>6</sub>]]; for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29].
			** '''''??? Sorry, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and setting of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.'''''
			** '''''This whole problems needs to be fixed everywhere in Astrolabe B. ???'''''
	* BM 82923.		* BM 82923.
	** Month Addaru, the star of Enlil: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Walker-Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].		** Month Addaru, the star of Enlil: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].
	* BM 34713.		* BM 34713.
	** The month of Nisanu, the stars of Enlil:		** The month of Nisanu, the stars of Enlil:
	** <sup>múl d</sup>AMAR.UTU [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:1], see (Kurtik a48) [[AŠ.GAN]].		** <sup>múl d</sup>AMAR.UTU [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:1], see (Kurtik a48) [[AŠ.GAN]].
	** ~~The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.~~ A list of the 12 stars of Enlil (no. 12): <sup>mul d</sup>''Marduk''(AMAR.UTU) [TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see. TU.</ref>, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA. 1987. Bd. 77. S. 207-228.</ref>, 212].		** A list of the 12 stars of Enlil (no. 12): <sup>mul d</sup>''Marduk''(AMAR.UTU) [TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see. TU.</ref>, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA. 1987. Bd. 77. S. 207-228.</ref>, 212].
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	* '''(1)''' The stars of Enlil (no. 33):		* '''(1)''' The stars of Enlil (no. 33):
	** ''ki-ma'' MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''ug-dam-mi-ru-ni'' / 1 MUL GAL UD.DA-''su da-a''-ʼ''-mat'' AN-''e'' BAR-''ma'' GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ne''<sub>2</sub>-''bi-ri'' / <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.GAR KI.GUB-''su'' KUR<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>-''ir'' AN''-e ib-bir''		** ''ki-ma'' MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''ug-dam-mi-ru-ni'' / 1 MUL GAL UD.DA-''su da-a''ʼ''-mat'' AN-''e'' BAR-''ma'' GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ne''<sub>2</sub>-''bi-ri'' / <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.GAR KI.GUB-''su'' KUR<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>-''ir'' AN''-e ib-bir''
	** "When the stars of Enlil have completed (their movements), one great star—(though) its light be dim— divides the sky in half and stands there: (this is) the star of Marduk, the Crossing, Jupiter; it constantly changes its position and crosses the sky" (I i 36-38).		** "When the stars of Enlil have completed (their movements), one great star—(though) its light be dim— divides the sky in half and stands there: (this is) the star of Marduk, the Crossing, Jupiter; it constantly changes its position and crosses the sky" (I i 36-38).
	* '''(2)''' Astrological part: 6 predictions concerning <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU (II Gap B 1-6) [Hunger and Steele 2019<ref name=":7">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 28-29, 117-118].		* '''(2)''' Astrological part: 6 predictions concerning <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU (II Gap B 1-6) [Hunger and Steele 2019<ref name=":7">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 28-29, 117-118].

Sushoff at 16:12, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:12:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:12, 26 March 2026
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	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]		[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]

Sushoff at 14:35, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:35:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:35, 22 January 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]		[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]

JanSafford at 18:10, 18 January 2026

2026-01-18T18:10:08Z

Show changes

Sushoff at 06:56, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T06:56:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:56, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]		[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]
	AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]].		AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]].

InitTeam at 21:03, 1 January 2026

2026-01-01T21:03:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:03, 1 January 2026
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	* [[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]		* [[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]

	[[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:4workWayne]]

			[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
			[[Category:Constellation]]
			[[Category:West Asian]]
			[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Solar System]]		[[Category:Solar System]]
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	[[Category:Jupiter]]		[[Category:Jupiter]]
	[[Category:Mercury]]		[[Category:Mercury]]

			<references />

Sushoff at 11:01, 31 December 2025

2025-12-31T11:01:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:01, 31 December 2025
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	[[File:~~ASE logo~~.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|~~ASE logo~~]]		[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]
	AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]].		AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]].

Sushoff at 11:00, 31 December 2025

2025-12-31T11:00:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:00, 31 December 2025
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	[[File:ASE logo.jpg\|thumb\|ASE logo]]		[[File:ASE logo.jpg\|thumb\|ASE logo]]
	AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, Marduk.		AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]].

	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
	The name AMAR.UD, to be read AMAR.UTU is the standard Sumerian writing for Marduk, the city god of Babylon. The name is traditionally interpreted as 'The Calf of the Sun' and reflects the identification of Marduk with Mercury that goes back to the Second Millennium BCE. Marduk's name can be written as a star name with the MUL-determinative, a divine name with determinative DINGIR, or both indicating the deification of Marduk's asterism(s). The issue of Marduk and his asterisms, which include identifications with Mercury, Jupiter (as in MUL.APIN) and others, is considered sub. [[Nēberu]].		The name AMAR.UD, to be read AMAR.UTU is the standard Sumerian writing for Marduk, the city god of Babylon. The name is traditionally interpreted as 'The Calf of the Sun' and reflects the identification of Marduk with Mercury that goes back to the Second Millennium BCE. Marduk's name can be written as a star name with the MUL-determinative, a divine name with determinative DINGIR, or both indicating the deification of Marduk's asterism(s). The issue of Marduk and his asterisms, which include identifications with Mercury, Jupiter (as in MUL.APIN) and others, is considered sub. [[Nēberu]].

	Var. readings:		'''Var. readings:'''

	* MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UD,		* MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UD,
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	=== Additional ===		=== Additional ===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity ====		==== Deity ====
	The name of Marduk, as the patron of Babylon, has been mentioned since the third dynasty of Ur (XXI century BCE). Among his epithets: MUL ''kiššati''(ŠU<sub>2</sub>) ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> "The star of all that is in the sky". [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 47:10], [MUL] ''nuḫši''(ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN) "[Star of] abundance" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 46, Sm. 78 + Sm. 1078:15]. It is not known when this deity acquired astral significance. The earliest evidence is from the 13th century B.C. (list from Emar). The name of Jupiter in Old Babylonian texts—<sup>d</sup>šul.pa.e<sub>3</sub> [Falkenstein 1963<ref>''Falkenstein A.'' Sumerische religiöse Texte // ZA. 1963. Bd. XXI. S. 11-67.</ref>, 33]; see also (Kurtik a27) AMAR.GIR<sub>2</sub>.		The name of Marduk, as the patron of Babylon, has been mentioned since the third dynasty of Ur (XXI century BCE). Among his epithets: MUL ''kiššati''(ŠU<sub>2</sub>) ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> "The star of all that is in the sky". [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 47:10], [MUL] ''nuḫši''(ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN) "[Star of] abundance" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 46, Sm. 78 + Sm. 1078:15]. It is not known when this deity acquired astral significance. The earliest evidence is from the 13th century B.C. (list from Emar). The name of Jupiter in Old Babylonian texts—<sup>d</sup>šul.pa.e<sub>3</sub> [Falkenstein 1963<ref>''Falkenstein A.'' Sumerische religiöse Texte // ZA. 1963. Bd. XXI. S. 11-67.</ref>, 33]; see also (Kurtik a27) AMAR.GIR<sub>2</sub>.

	==== ~~III.~~ Previous Identifications. ====		==== Previous Identifications. ====
	= Jupiter; the identity follows from MUL.APIN, and from a number of other texts, see also [Brown 2000<ref name=":12">''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 57].		= Jupiter; the identity follows from MUL.APIN, and from a number of other texts, see also [Brown 2000<ref name=":12">''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 57].

	= Mercury; <sup>mul</sup>amar.utu = min(=<sup>d</sup>udu.idim.gu<sub>4</sub>.ud) "Jupiter = Mercury" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 2]; MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UD ''a-na'' <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''i-qab-bi'' "The star of Marduk is so said, (when referring to) Mercury" [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29a], see also [ARAK<ref name=":9" />, 503:1-3]; perhaps this is the name of Mercury when its heliacal rising occurs at the beginning of the year in the month of Nisanu. For a prayer to Marduk as Mercury see [Lambert 1957-58<ref>''Lambert W.G.'' Two Texts from the Early Part of the Reign of Ashurbanipal // AfO. 1957-59. Bd. 18. S. 382-387.</ref>, 386]. See also [Brown 2000<ref name=":12" />, 57]. See also (Kurtik u08) [[UDU.IDIM.GU4.UD\|UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD]], IV 19.		= Mercury; <sup>mul</sup>amar.utu = min(=<sup>d</sup>udu.idim.gu<sub>4</sub>.ud) "Jupiter = Mercury" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 2]; MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UD ''a-na'' <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''i-qab-bi'' "The star of Marduk is so said, (when referring to) Mercury" [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29a], see also [ARAK<ref name=":9" />, 503:1-3]; perhaps this is the name of Mercury when its heliacal rising occurs at the beginning of the year in the month of Nisanu. For a prayer to Marduk as Mercury see [Lambert 1957-58<ref>''Lambert W.G.'' Two Texts from the Early Part of the Reign of Ashurbanipal // AfO. 1957-59. Bd. 18. S. 382-387.</ref>, 386]. See also [Brown 2000<ref name=":12" />, 57]. See also (Kurtik u08) [[UDU.IDIM.GU4.UD\|UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD]], IV 19.

	==== ~~IV.~~ Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====

	===== Identifications: =====		===== Identifications: =====

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:43, 7 April 2026
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	** (3) List (sunrise-sunset=6<sup>m</sup>): sunrise—''addaru'', sunset—''ululu'' [KAV 218, C 24, 35; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik k24) [[KU6\|KU<sub>6</sub>]]; for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29].		** (3) List (sunrise-sunset=6<sup>m</sup>): sunrise—''addaru'', sunset—''ululu'' [KAV 218, C 24, 35; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik k24) [[KU6\|KU<sub>6</sub>]]; for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29].
	** '''''??? Sorry, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.'''''		** '''''??? Sorry, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.'''''
	** '''''This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. ???'''''		** '''''This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. !!! ???'''''
	* BM 82923.		* BM 82923.
	** Month Addaru, the stars of Enlil: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].		** Month Addaru, the stars of Enlil: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].
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	* '''(2)''' <sup>mul</sup>lugal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "King = Marduk";		* '''(2)''' <sup>mul</sup>lugal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "King = Marduk";
	* '''(3)''' <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa <sup>d</sup>''en-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ši-mat'' kur ''i-šim-mu'': gal <sup>d</sup>''en-lil''<sub>2</sub><sup>meš</sup> <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "Šupa, Enlil, who sets the fate of the country: the great one among the Enlil deities, Marduk";		* '''(3)''' <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa <sup>d</sup>''en-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ši-mat'' kur ''i-šim-mu'': gal <sup>d</sup>''en-lil''<sub>2</sub><sup>meš</sup> <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "Šupa, Enlil, who sets the fate of the country: the great one among the Enlil deities, Marduk";
	* '''(4)''' mul.mul.la = <sup>giš</sup>tukul ''ša''<sub>2</sub> šu<sup>II</sup> <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "~~Glitter~~ = a weapon in the hand of Marduk," see also [HBA<ref name=":10">''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref> 51:3, 8, 11; 52:26; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3].		* '''(4)''' mul.mul.la = <sup>giš</sup>tukul ''ša''<sub>2</sub> šu<sup>II</sup> <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "Arrow = a weapon in the hand of Marduk," see also [HBA<ref name=":10">''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref> 51:3, 8, 11; 52:26; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	* '''(10)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>ul</sup>lugal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(10)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>ul</sup>lugal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(11)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>ul</sup>gal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(11)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>ul</sup>gal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(12)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>še <sup>ul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu IIIR 53,2:2-13 (K.5990:2-13 in ACh Ištar ~~VIII~~); parallel CT<ref name=":11">''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 26, 49:1-13 ~~Sm. 777~~]. See also [Oppenheim 1959<ref name=":3" />, 283:19; 1969, 121, note 46].		* '''(12)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>še <sup>ul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu IIIR 53,2:2-13 (K.5990:2-13 in ACh Ištar 8); parallel CT<ref name=":11">''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 26, 49 Sm. 777:1-13]. See also [Oppenheim 1959<ref name=":3" />, 283:19; 1969, 121, note 46].
	\| Example		\| Example
	\|}		\|}
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	===== Identifications: =====		===== Identifications: =====
	* (1) = ''Staff''; MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> ''i-qab-bi'' "The Star of Marduk—so it is said (when referring to) the Staff" [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29a + Parallels].		* (1) = ''Staff''; MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> ''i-qab-bi'' "The Star of Marduk—so it is said (when referring) to the Staff" [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29a + Parallels].

	===== Predictions: =====		===== Predictions: =====
	* (2) ''Jupiter and the Pleiades~~'';~~ DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU MUL.MUL KUR-''ud ina'' MU BI <sup>d</sup>IM RA "If Marduk's star reaches the Star Cluster, this year Adad will bring devastation" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 2) [Hunger and Steele 2019<ref name=":7" />, 117]; for a parallel see. [SAA 8<ref name=":9" />, 326:7].		* (2) Jupiter and the Pleiades: DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU MUL.MUL KUR-''ud ina'' MU BI <sup>d</sup>IM RA "If Marduk's star reaches the Star Cluster, this year Adad will bring devastation" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 2) [Hunger and Steele 2019<ref name=":7" />, 117]; for a parallel see [SAA 8<ref name=":9" />, 326:7].
	* (3) ''Pleiades and Jupiter~~'';~~ DIŠ MUL.MUL <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UTU KUR-''ud ina'' MU BI ''um-mu u um''-[''šu''<sub>2</sub>...] "If the Star Cluster reaches the star of Marduk: there will be fever this year and summer he[at...] [SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, Nr. 101:14].		* (3) Pleiades and Jupiter: DIŠ MUL.MUL <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UTU KUR-''ud ina'' MU BI ''um-mu u um''-[''šu''<sub>2</sub>...] "If the Star Cluster reaches the star of Marduk: there will be fever this year and summer he[at...] [SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, Nr. 101:14].
	* (4) ''Jupiter and Raven'' (= Mercury?); DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU <sup>mul</sup>UGA KUR-''ud'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> NIM GIŠ "If Marduk's star reaches the Raven: the early sesame will prosper" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 3) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" /> 117], see also [Borger 1973<ref name=":6" />, 41:24′; ACh Suppl.<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref> 2, 88:22-23].		* (4) Jupiter and Raven (= Mercury?): DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU <sup>mul</sup>UGA KUR-''ud'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> NIM GIŠ "If Marduk's star reaches the Raven: the early sesame will prosper" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 3) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" /> 117], see also [Borger 1973<ref name=":6" />, 41:24′; ACh Suppl.<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref> 2, 88:22-23].
	* (5) ''The heliacal rising of Mercury at the beginning of the year~~'';~~ DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ina'' SAG MU IGI-''ir'' / MU BI AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>~~BARAG~~ IGI-''ma'' "If the Marduk star becomes visible at the beginning of the year: ~~then~~ this year’s harvest will ~~be in abundance~~. - Mercury becomes visible in Nisan." [SAA 8<ref name=":9" />, 503:1-3]; for a parallel see (MUL.APIN II Gap B 1) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" />, 117].		* (5) The heliacal rising of Mercury at the beginning of the year: DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ina'' SAG MU IGI-''ir'' / MU BI AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>BARA<sub>2</sub> IGI-''ma'' "If the Marduk star becomes visible at the beginning of the year: this year’s harvest will prosper. (It means) Mercury becomes visible in Nisan." [SAA 8<ref name=":9" />, 503:1-3]; for a parallel see MUL.APIN II Gap B 1 [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" />, 117].
	* (6) ''Connection between Jupiter and Mercury during heliacal risings~~'';~~ DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>[AM]AR<sup>!</sup>.UTU<sup>!</sup> / MI-''ma'' (gloss: ''ṣa-li-im-''˹''ma''˺) ˹''it-ta''˺-''n''[''a-mar''] / ''ina'' MU BI A<sub>2</sub>.[SIG<sub>3</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši''] (gloss: ''a-s''[''ak-ku'']) "If Marduk’s star is dark and is seen again and again: in this year [there will be ''as''[''akku''] (disease) [SAA 10<ref name=":8" />, 67 r. 1-3]; DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU GI<sub>6</sub>-''ma'' IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> MU BI A.SIG<sub>3</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' "If Marduk's star is dark when it becomes visible: this year, there will be ''asakku'' (disease)" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 6) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" /> 118].		* (6) Connection between Jupiter and Mercury during heliacal risings: DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>[AM]AR<sup>!</sup>.UTU<sup>!</sup> / MI-''ma'' (gloss: ''ṣa-li-im-''˹''ma''˺) ˹''it-ta''˺-''n''[''a-mar''] / ''ina'' MU BI A<sub>2</sub>.[SIG<sub>3</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši''] (gloss: ''a-s''[''ak-ku'']) "If Marduk’s star is dark and is seen again and again: in this year [there will be ''as''[''akku''] (disease) [SAA 10<ref name=":8" />, 67 r. 1-3]; DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU GI<sub>6</sub>-''ma'' IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> MU BI A.SIG<sub>3</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' "If Marduk's star is dark when it becomes visible: this year, there will be ''asakku'' (disease)" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 6) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" /> 118].
	* (7) ''Magical prohibition~~'';~~ DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''pa-gar'' LU<sub>2</sub> IGI ''be-en-nu'' DIB-''su'' "If the star of Marduk sees a man's body: epilepsy(?) will seize him" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 4); DIŠ ''ina ma-ḫar'' MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU LU<sub>2</sub> A ''ir-muk'' NAM.TAG.GA GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' "If a man bathes before the star of Marduk: there will be guilt" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 5) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" /> 118-9].		* (7) Magical prohibition. DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''pa-gar'' LU<sub>2</sub> IGI ''be-en-nu'' DIB-''su'' "If the star of Marduk sees a man's body: epilepsy(?) will seize him" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 4); DIŠ ''ina ma-ḫar'' MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU LU<sub>2</sub> A ''ir-muk'' NAM.TAG.GA GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' "If a man bathes before the star of Marduk: there will be guilt" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 5) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" /> 118-9].
	* (8) The name of Jupiter depending on its position relative to the horizon; [MU]L <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ina'' IGI.LAL-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>ŠUL.PA.E<sub>3</sub> / 1 KASKAL.GID<sub>2</sub> ''i-šaq-qa-ma'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.ME.GAR / ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>-''ru'' "The star of Marduk, when it appears, (is called) Šulpae; when it rises 1 "double hour" - Sagmegar; when it stands in the middle of the sky, - Crossing." [SAA 8<ref name=":9" />, 147:7-r.1], for a parallel to the reference to <sup>d</sup>''Da-pi-nu'' see. [BPO 3<ref name=":5" />, K.3124:5′-6′] (Kurtik d03 [[Dāpinu\|<sup>d</sup>''Dāpinu'']]).		* (8) The name of Jupiter depending on its position relative to the horizon; [MU]L <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ina'' IGI.LAL-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>ŠUL.PA.E<sub>3</sub> / 1 KASKAL.GID<sub>2</sub> ''i-šaq-qa-ma'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.ME.GAR / ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>-''ru'' "The star of Marduk, when it appears, (is called) Šulpae; when it rises 1 "double hour" - Sagmegar; when it stands in the middle of the sky, - Crossing." [SAA 8<ref name=":9" />, 147:7-r.1], for a parallel to the reference to <sup>d</sup>''Da-pi-nu'' see [BPO 3<ref name=":5" />, K.3124:5′-6′] (Kurtik d03 [[Dāpinu\|<sup>d</sup>''Dāpinu'']]).

	== Historical Dictionaries ==		== Historical Dictionaries ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:56, 6 April 2026
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	** (2) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ŠE] ... <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UTU ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "[(Month) Addaru]: ... Marduk, (Path of) Anu" (C ii 12).		** (2) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ŠE] ... <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UTU ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "[(Month) Addaru]: ... Marduk, (Path of) Anu" (C ii 12).
	** (3) List (sunrise-sunset=6<sup>m</sup>): sunrise—''addaru'', sunset—''ululu'' [KAV 218, C 24, 35; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik k24) [[KU6\|KU<sub>6</sub>]]; for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29].		** (3) List (sunrise-sunset=6<sup>m</sup>): sunrise—''addaru'', sunset—''ululu'' [KAV 218, C 24, 35; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik k24) [[KU6\|KU<sub>6</sub>]]; for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29].
	** '''''??? Sorry, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and ~~setting~~ of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.'''''		** '''''??? Sorry, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.'''''
	** '''''This whole ~~problems~~ needs to be fixed everywhere in Astrolabe B. ???'''''		** '''''This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. ???'''''
	* BM 82923.		* BM 82923.
	** Month Addaru, the ~~star~~ of Enlil: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].		** Month Addaru, the stars of Enlil: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].
	* BM 34713.		* BM 34713.
	** The month of Nisanu, the stars of Enlil:		** The month Nisanu, the stars of Enlil:
	** <sup>múl d</sup>AMAR.UTU [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:1], see (Kurtik a48) [[AŠ.GAN]].		** <sup>múl d</sup>AMAR.UTU [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:1], see (Kurtik a48) [[AŠ.GAN]].
	** A list of the 12 stars of Enlil (no. 12): <sup>mul d</sup>''Marduk''(AMAR.UTU) [TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see. TU.</ref>, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA. 1987. Bd. 77. S. 207-228.</ref>, 212].		** A list of the 12 stars of Enlil (no. 12): <sup>mul d</sup>''Marduk''(AMAR.UTU) [TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see. TU.</ref>, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA. 1987. Bd. 77. S. 207-228.</ref>, 212].
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''List of 12 names of Marduk ~~<u><s>(IIIR 53:2)</s>. . K. 3384 (Reiner-Pigree, BPO 3, 1998, 262-63 Group G) + K. 5990 (IIIR 43, 2 = ACh Ištar VIII</u>~~'''		\|'''List of 12 names of Marduk'''
	A list of the names of Marduk in different months of the Babylonian calendar:		A list of the names of Marduk in different months of the Babylonian calendar [HBA<ref name=":10" /> 24-25]:

	* '''(1)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>bar<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>šul.pa.e<sub>3</sub> = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(1)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>bar<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>šul.pa.e<sub>3</sub> = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(2)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>gu<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>ud.al.tar = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(2)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>gu<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>ud.al.tar = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(3)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>sig<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> ka<sub>2</sub>.dingir.meš = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(3)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>sig<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> ka<sub>2</sub>.dingir.meš = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(4)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>šu <sup>d</sup>''Da-pi-nu'' = <sup>d</sup>amar.		* '''(4)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>šu <sup>d</sup>''Da-pi-nu'' = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(5)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ne <sup>d</sup>''Ma-ak-ru-u''<sub>2</sub> = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(5)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ne <sup>d</sup>''Ma-ak-ru-u''<sub>2</sub> = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(6)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>kin <sup>d</sup>sag.me.gar = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(6)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>kin <sup>d</sup>sag.me.gar = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(7)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>du<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(7)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>du<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(8)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>apin <sup>d</sup>''Rap-pu'' = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(8)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>apin <sup>d</sup>''Rap-pu'' = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(9)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>gam<sub>3</sub> = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu		* '''(9)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>gam<sub>3</sub> = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(10)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>ul</sup>lugal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(10)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>ul</sup>lugal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(11)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>ul</sup>gal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,		* '''(11)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>ul</sup>gal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu,
	* '''(12)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>''še'' <sup>ul</sup>''ku''<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu (K.5990:2-13) ~~[IIIR 53,2:2-13]~~; parallel ~~in S. 777 [~~CT<ref name=":11">''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 26, 49:1-13~~; HBA<ref name=":10" /> 24-25~~]. See also [Oppenheim 1959<ref name=":3" />, 283:19; 1969, 121, note 46].		* '''(12)''' ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>še <sup>ul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu IIIR 53,2:2-13 (K.5990:2-13 in ACh Ištar VIII); parallel CT<ref name=":11">''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 26, 49:1-13 Sm. 777]. See also [Oppenheim 1959<ref name=":3" />, 283:19; 1969, 121, note 46].
	\| Example		\| Example
	\|}		\|}
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	==== Deity ====		==== Deity ====
	The name of Marduk, as the patron of Babylon, has been mentioned since the third dynasty of Ur (~~XXI~~ century BCE). Among his epithets: MUL ''kiššati''(ŠU<sub>2</sub>) ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> "The star of all that is in the sky". [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 47:10], [MUL] ''nuḫši''(ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN) "[Star of] abundance" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 46, Sm. 78 + Sm. 1078:15]. It is not known when this deity acquired astral significance. The earliest evidence is from the 13th century ~~B.C.~~ (list from Emar). The name of Jupiter in Old Babylonian texts—<sup>d</sup>šul.pa.e<sub>3</sub> [Falkenstein 1963<ref>''Falkenstein A.'' Sumerische religiöse Texte // ZA. 1963. Bd. XXI. S. 11-67.</ref>, 33]; see also (Kurtik a27) AMAR.GIR<sub>2</sub>.		The name of Marduk, as the patron of Babylon, has been mentioned since the third dynasty of Ur (21st century BCE). Among his epithets: MUL ''kiššati''(ŠU<sub>2</sub>) ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina šamê''(AN<sup>e</sup>) "The star of all that is in the sky". [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 47:10], [MUL] ''nuḫši''(ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN) "[Star of] abundance" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 46, Sm. 78 + Sm. 1078:15]. It is not known when this deity acquired astral significance. The earliest evidence is from the 13th century BCE (list from Emar). The name of Jupiter in Old Babylonian texts—<sup>d</sup>šul.pa.e<sub>3</sub> [Falkenstein 1963<ref>''Falkenstein A.'' Sumerische religiöse Texte // ZA. 1963. Bd. XXI. S. 11-67.</ref>, 33]; see also (Kurtik a27) AMAR.GIR<sub>2</sub>.

	==== Previous Identifications. ====		==== Previous Identifications. ====
	= Jupiter; the identity follows from MUL.APIN, and from a number of other texts, see also [Brown 2000<ref name=":12">''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 57].		= Jupiter; the identity follows from MUL.APIN, and from a number of other texts, see also [Brown 2000<ref name=":12">''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 57].

	= Mercury; <sup>mul</sup>amar.utu = min(=<sup>d</sup>udu.idim.gu<sub>4</sub>.ud) "~~Jupiter~~ = Mercury" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 2]; MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UD ''a-na'' <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''i-qab-bi'' "The star of Marduk is so ~~said, (when~~ referring to) Mercury" [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29a], see also [SAA 8<ref name=":9" />, 503:1-3]; perhaps this is the name of Mercury when its heliacal rising occurs at the beginning of the year in the month of Nisanu. For a prayer to Marduk as Mercury see [Lambert 1957-58<ref>''Lambert W.G.'' Two Texts from the Early Part of the Reign of Ashurbanipal // AfO. 1957-59. Bd. 18. S. 382-387.</ref>, 386]. See also [Brown 2000<ref name=":12" />, 57]. See also (Kurtik u08) [[UDU.IDIM.GU4.UD\|UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD]], IV 19.		= Mercury; <sup>mul</sup>amar.utu = min(=<sup>d</sup>udu.idim.gu<sub>4</sub>.ud) "Star of Marduk = Mercury" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 2]; MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UD ''a-na'' <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''i-qab-bi'' "The star of Marduk is said so referring to Mercury" [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29a], see also [SAA 8<ref name=":9" />, 503:1-3]; perhaps this is the name of Mercury when its heliacal rising occurs at the beginning of the year in the month of Nisanu. For a prayer to Marduk as Mercury see [Lambert 1957-58<ref>''Lambert W.G.'' Two Texts from the Early Part of the Reign of Ashurbanipal // AfO. 1957-59. Bd. 18. S. 382-387.</ref>, 386]. See also [Brown 2000<ref name=":12" />, 57]. See also (Kurtik u08) [[UDU.IDIM.GU4.UD\|UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD]], IV 19.

	==== Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====