AMAR.UTU - Revision history

WayneHorowitz at 13:23, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T13:23:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 14 May 2026
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	[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]		[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]
	AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]]. Marduk's in the sky is primarily identified with Mercury and Jupiter, often by way of his identification with <sup>mul</sup>[[Nēberu]]~~, <nowiki>[[translation needed]]</nowiki>~~.		AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]]. Marduk's in the sky is primarily identified with Mercury and Jupiter, often by way of his identification with <sup>mul</sup>[[Nēberu]].

	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==

WayneHorowitz at 13:23, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T13:23:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 14 May 2026
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	\|'''"Three Stars Each" (Astrolabe Group).'''		\|'''"Three Stars Each" (Astrolabe Group).'''
	See Horowitz (2014) 247, <sup>mul/d</sup>Marduk, <sup>mul/d</sup>''Nēberu''		See Horowitz (2014) 247, <sup>mul/d</sup>Marduk, <sup>mul/d</sup>''Nēberu''
	* Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Anu 12). List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU: mul ''sa''<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu / egir dingir.meš ''gi''<sub>6</sub>''-ti'' ''ug-da-me''<sub>2</sub>-''ru-nim-ma'' / an-''e'' bar-''ma'' gub-''iz'' mul.bi / <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "The red star that stands at the rising of the south wind after the Gods of the Night have completed (their movements) and divides the sky (in two), this star is Neberu, Marduk" (KAV 218 ii rev. 10-13).		* Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Anu 12). List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU: mul ''sa''<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu / egir dingir.meš ''gi''<sub>6</sub>''-ti'' ''ug-da-me''<sub>2</sub>-''ru-nim-ma'' / an-''e'' bar-''ma'' gub-''iz'' mul.bi / <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "The red star that stands at the rising of the south wind after the Gods of the Night have completed (their movements) and divides the sky (in two), this star is Neberu, Marduk" (KAV 218 Section II ii rev. 10-13).
	*Month-Star Lists, Anu-star for Addaru (Anu XII), LBAT 1499 (Enlil I), [Horowitz 2014: 196]; BM 82923: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Horowitz 2014 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].		*Month-Star Lists, Anu-star for Addaru (Anu XII), LBAT 1499 (Enlil I), [Horowitz 2014: 196]; BM 82923: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Horowitz 2014 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].
	*Rising and Setting Stars: BM 34713 (LBAT 1499): Setting in Month VI, Ululu, Rising in Month XII, Addaru (Horowitz 2014 161-162).		*Rising and Setting Stars: BM 34713 (LBAT 1499): Setting in Month VI, Ululu, Rising in Month XII, Addaru (Horowitz 2014 161-162).

YoulaAzkarrula at 02:23, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T02:23:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:23, 14 May 2026
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	[[Category:4workWayne]]		[[Category:4workWayne]]

	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]

HermannHunger at 19:28, 7 May 2026

2026-05-07T19:28:12Z

WayneHorowitz at 08:29, 29 April 2026

2026-04-29T08:29:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:29, 29 April 2026
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	* Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Anu 12).(1) List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU: mul ''sa''<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu / egir dingir.meš ''gi''<sub>6</sub>''-ti'' ''ug-da-me''<sub>2</sub>-''ru-nim-ma'' / an-''e'' bar-''ma'' gub-''iz'' mul.bi / <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "The red star that stands at the rising of the south wind after the Gods of the Night have completed (their movements) and divides the sky (in two), this star is Neberu, Marduk" (KAV 218 ii rev. 10-13).		* Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Anu 12).(1) List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU: mul ''sa''<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu / egir dingir.meš ''gi''<sub>6</sub>''-ti'' ''ug-da-me''<sub>2</sub>-''ru-nim-ma'' / an-''e'' bar-''ma'' gub-''iz'' mul.bi / <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "The red star that stands at the rising of the south wind after the Gods of the Night have completed (their movements) and divides the sky (in two), this star is Neberu, Marduk" (KAV 218 ii rev. 10-13).
	*Month-Star Lists, Anu-star for Adar (Anu XII), LBAT 1499 (Enlil I), [Horowitz 2014: 196]; BM 82923: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Horowitz 2014 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].		*Month-Star Lists, Anu-star for Adar (Anu XII), LBAT 1499 (Enlil I), [Horowitz 2014: 196]; BM 82923: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Horowitz 2014 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].
	*Rising and Setting Stars: BM 34713 (LBAT 1499): Setting in Month VI, Rising in Month XII (Horowitz 2014 161-162).		*Rising and Setting Stars: BM 34713 (LBAT 1499): Setting in Month VI, Elul, Rising in Month XII, Adar (Horowitz 2014 161-162).
	** (3) '''''<s>, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.</s>'''''		** (3) '''''<s>, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.</s>'''''
	** '''''<s>This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. !!! ???</s>'''''		** '''''<s>This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. !!! ???</s>'''''

WayneHorowitz at 08:21, 29 April 2026

2026-04-29T08:21:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:21, 29 April 2026
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	\|'''"Three Stars Each" (Astrolabe Group).'''		\|'''"Three Stars Each" (Astrolabe Group).'''
	See Horowitz (2014) 247, <sup>mul/d</sup>Marduk, <sup>mul/d</sup>Nēberu		See Horowitz (2014) 247, <sup>mul/d</sup>Marduk, <sup>mul/d</sup>Nēberu
	* Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Anu 12).		* Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Anu 12).(1) List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU: mul ''sa''<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu / egir dingir.meš ''gi''<sub>6</sub>''-ti'' ''ug-da-me''<sub>2</sub>-''ru-nim-ma'' / an-''e'' bar-''ma'' gub-''iz'' mul.bi / <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "The red star that stands at the rising of the south wind after the Gods of the Night have completed (their movements) and divides the sky (in two), this star is Neberu, Marduk" (KAV 218 ii rev. 10-13).
	*		*Month-Star Lists, Anu-star for Adar (Anu XII), LBAT 1499 (Enlil I), [Horowitz 2014: 196]; BM 82923: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Horowitz 2014 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].
	** (1) List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ~~at the end of the list of 12 stars of Anu (B ii 32).~~		*Rising and Setting Stars: BM 34713 (LBAT 1499): Setting in Month VI, Rising in Month XII (Horowitz 2014 161-162).
	** (2) List (3´12): [<~~sup~~>~~iti~~</~~sup~~>~~ŠE]~~ ... <~~sup~~>~~mul~~</~~sup~~>~~AMAR.UTU~~ ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-~~nim~~'' "[(~~Month~~) ~~Addaru]: ... Marduk,~~ (~~Path of~~) ~~Anu~~" (C ii 12).		** (3) '''''<s>, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.</s>'''''
	** (3) ~~List~~ (~~sunrise-sunset=6~~<sup>m</sup>~~): sunrise—~~''~~addaru~~''~~, sunset—~~''~~ululu~~'' ~~[KAV 218, C 24, 35; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik k24) [[KU6\|KU~~<sub>6</sub>~~]]; for a parallel see~~ [~~BPO 2~~<ref ~~name=":4"~~ />, ~~III 29~~].		** '''''<s>This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. !!! ???</s>'''''
	** '''''~~??? Sorry~~, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.'''''		* <s>BM 82923.</s>
	** '''''This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. !!! ???'''''		**
	* BM 82923.		* <s>BM 34713.</s>
	** ~~Month Addaru, the stars of Enlil:~~ <~~sup~~>~~mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities"~~. ~~[Walker and Hunger 1977~~<~~ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei /~~/ ~~MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref~~>~~, 30:36].~~		** <s>The month Nisanu, the stars of Enlil:</s>
	* BM 34713.		** <s><sup>múl d</sup>AMAR.UTU [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:1], see (Kurtik a48) [[AŠ.GAN]].</s>
	** The month Nisanu, the stars of Enlil:		** <s>A list of the 12 stars of Enlil (no. 12): <sup>mul d</sup>''Marduk''(AMAR.UTU) [TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see. TU.</ref>, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA. 1987. Bd. 77. S. 207-228.</ref>, 212].</s>
	** <sup>múl d</sup>AMAR.UTU [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:1], see (Kurtik a48) [[AŠ.GAN]].
	** A list of the 12 stars of Enlil (no. 12): <sup>mul d</sup>''Marduk''(AMAR.UTU) [TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see. TU.</ref>, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA. 1987. Bd. 77. S. 207-228.</ref>, 212].
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WayneHorowitz at 08:01, 29 April 2026

2026-04-29T08:01:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:01, 29 April 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]		[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]
	AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]]. Marduk's in the sky is primarily identified with Mercury and Jupiter, often by way of his identification with <sup>mul</sup>[[Nēberu]],		AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]]. Marduk's in the sky is primarily identified with Mercury and Jupiter, often by way of his identification with <sup>mul</sup>[[Nēberu]], <nowiki>[[translation needed]]</nowiki>.

	Marduk is primarily i		Marduk is primarily i
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	\|'''"Three Stars Each" (Astrolabe Group).'''		\|'''"Three Stars Each" (Astrolabe Group).'''
	See Horowitz (2014) 247, <sup>mul/d</sup>Marduk, <sup>mul/d</sup>Nēberu		See Horowitz (2014) 247, <sup>mul/d</sup>Marduk, <sup>mul/d</sup>Nēberu
	* ***		* Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Anu 12).
			*
	** (1) List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU at the end of the list of 12 stars of Anu (B ii 32).		** (1) List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU at the end of the list of 12 stars of Anu (B ii 32).
	** (2) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ŠE] ... <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UTU ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "[(Month) Addaru]: ... Marduk, (Path of) Anu" (C ii 12).		** (2) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ŠE] ... <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UTU ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "[(Month) Addaru]: ... Marduk, (Path of) Anu" (C ii 12).

WayneHorowitz at 07:56, 29 April 2026

2026-04-29T07:56:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:56, 29 April 2026
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	[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]		[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]
	AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]].		AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]]. Marduk's in the sky is primarily identified with Mercury and Jupiter, often by way of his identification with <sup>mul</sup>[[Nēberu]],

			Marduk is primarily i

	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==

WayneHorowitz at 06:10, 27 April 2026

2026-04-27T06:10:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:10, 27 April 2026
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	\|		\|
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	\|'''Three Stars Each (~~Astrolabes~~).'''		\|'''"Three Stars Each" (Astrolabe Group).'''
	* Astrolabe P. Month Addaru, ~~stars of Enlil~~, ~~45 [Pinches 1900~~<~~ref~~>~~''Pinches T.G.'' Review of R.Brown. Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Babylonians. Vol. 2. London, 1900~~ /~~/ JRAS. 1900. P. 571-577.~~</~~ref~~>~~, 575].~~		See Horowitz (2014) 247, <sup>mul/d</sup>Marduk, <sup>mul/d</sup>Nēberu
	* ~~Astrolabe B.~~		* ***
	** (1) List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU at the end of the list of 12 stars of Anu (B ii 32).		** (1) List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU at the end of the list of 12 stars of Anu (B ii 32).
	** (2) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ŠE] ... <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UTU ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "[(Month) Addaru]: ... Marduk, (Path of) Anu" (C ii 12).		** (2) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ŠE] ... <sup>mul</sup>AMAR.UTU ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "[(Month) Addaru]: ... Marduk, (Path of) Anu" (C ii 12).
	** (3) List (sunrise-sunset=6<sup>m</sup>): sunrise—''addaru'', sunset—''ululu'' [KAV 218, C 24, 35; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik k24) [[KU6\|KU<sub>6</sub>]]; for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29].		** (3) List (sunrise-sunset=6<sup>m</sup>): sunrise—''addaru'', sunset—''ululu'' [KAV 218, C 24, 35; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik k24) [[KU6\|KU<sub>6</sub>]]; for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":4" />, III 29].
	** '''''??? Sorry, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.'''''		** '''''??? Sorry, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.'''''
	** '''''This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. !!! ???'''''		** '''''This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. !!! ???'''''
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	* BM 34713.		* BM 34713.
	** The month Nisanu, the stars of Enlil:		** The month Nisanu, the stars of Enlil:
	** <sup>múl d</sup>AMAR.UTU [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:1], see (Kurtik a48) [[AŠ.GAN]].		** <sup>múl d</sup>AMAR.UTU [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:1], see (Kurtik a48) [[AŠ.GAN]].
	** A list of the 12 stars of Enlil (no. 12): <sup>mul d</sup>''Marduk''(AMAR.UTU) [TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see. TU.</ref>, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA. 1987. Bd. 77. S. 207-228.</ref>, 212].		** A list of the 12 stars of Enlil (no. 12): <sup>mul d</sup>''Marduk''(AMAR.UTU) [TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see. TU.</ref>, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA. 1987. Bd. 77. S. 207-228.</ref>, 212].
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JanSafford: Mul.Apin

2026-04-23T13:14:16Z

Mul.Apin

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:14, 23 April 2026
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	* '''(1)''' The stars of Enlil (no. 33):		* '''(1)''' The stars of Enlil (no. 33):
	** ''ki-ma'' MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''ug-dam-mi-ru-ni'' / 1 MUL GAL UD.DA-''su da-a''ʼ''-mat'' AN-''e'' BAR-''ma'' GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ne''<sub>2</sub>-''bi-ri'' / <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.GAR KI.GUB-''su'' KUR<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>-''ir'' AN''-e ib-bir''		** ''ki-ma'' MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''ug-dam-mi-ru-ni'' / 1 MUL GAL UD.DA-''su da-a''ʼ''-mat'' AN-''e'' BAR-''ma'' GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ne''<sub>2</sub>-''bi-ri'' / <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.GAR KI.GUB-''su'' KUR<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>-''ir'' AN''-e ib-bir''
	** "When the stars of Enlil have ~~completed~~ (their movements), one ~~great star—~~(~~though~~) its light ~~be dim—~~ divides the sky in half and stands there: (~~this~~ is) the star of Marduk, the ~~Crossing, Jupiter; it constantly changes its position and crosses the sky~~" (I i 36-38).		** "When the stars of Enlil have finished (their movements), one big star – (although) its light is dim – divides the sky in half and stands there: (that is) the star of Marduk, the Ford." (I i 36-38).
	* '''(2)''' Astrological part: 6 predictions concerning <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU (II Gap B 1-6) [Hunger and Steele 2019<ref name=":7">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 28-29, 117-118].		* '''(2)''' Astrological part: 6 predictions concerning <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU (II Gap B 1-6) [Hunger and Steele 2019<ref name=":7">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 28-29, 117-118].
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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:28, 7 May 2026
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	[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]		[[File:Marduk and pet.svg\|thumb\|The Statue of Marduk depicted on a cylinder seal of the 9th century BCE.]]
	AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]]. Marduk's in the sky is primarily identified with Mercury and Jupiter, often by way of his identification with <sup>mul</sup>[[Nēberu]], <nowiki>[[translation needed]]</nowiki>.		AMAR.UTU (𒀫𒌓) is the Sumerian writing for the name of the Babylonian King of the Gods, [[Marduk]]. Marduk's in the sky is primarily identified with Mercury and Jupiter, often by way of his identification with <sup>mul</sup>[[Nēberu]], <nowiki>[[translation needed]]</nowiki>.

	~~Marduk is primarily i~~

	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
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	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	* See. [Rochberg-Halton 1988,<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspects of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref> 62, 204 (§ VII Rec. B: 7); BPO 2<ref name=":4">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 29-29a; BPO 3<ref name=":5">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, K.2226+:4, K.3124:5; Borger 1973<ref name=":6">''Borger R.'' Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.</ref>, LB 1321 r. 24′, 30′; SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 101:14]. See (Kurtik n15) ''[[Nēberu]]''.		* See [Rochberg-Halton 1988,<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspects of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref> 62, 204 (§ VII Rec. B: 7); BPO 2<ref name=":4">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 29-29a; BPO 3<ref name=":5">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, K.2226+:4, K.3124:5; Borger 1973<ref name=":6">''Borger R.'' Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.</ref>, LB 1321 r. 24′, 30′; SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 101:14]. See (Kurtik n15) ''[[Nēberu]]''.
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	\|'''"Three Stars Each" (Astrolabe Group).'''		\|'''"Three Stars Each" (Astrolabe Group).'''
	See Horowitz (2014) 247, <sup>mul/d</sup>Marduk, <sup>mul/d</sup>Nēberu		See Horowitz (2014) 247, <sup>mul/d</sup>Marduk, <sup>mul/d</sup>''Nēberu''
	* Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Anu 12).~~(1)~~ List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU: mul ''sa''<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu / egir dingir.meš ''gi''<sub>6</sub>''-ti'' ''ug-da-me''<sub>2</sub>-''ru-nim-ma'' / an-''e'' bar-''ma'' gub-''iz'' mul.bi / <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "The red star that stands at the rising of the south wind after the Gods of the Night have completed (their movements) and divides the sky (in two), this star is Neberu, Marduk" (KAV 218 ii rev. 10-13).		* Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Anu 12). List (12´3): <sup>d</sup>''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU: mul ''sa''<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu / egir dingir.meš ''gi''<sub>6</sub>''-ti'' ''ug-da-me''<sub>2</sub>-''ru-nim-ma'' / an-''e'' bar-''ma'' gub-''iz'' mul.bi / <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>''-ru'' <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "The red star that stands at the rising of the south wind after the Gods of the Night have completed (their movements) and divides the sky (in two), this star is Neberu, Marduk" (KAV 218 ii rev. 10-13).
	*Month-Star Lists, Anu-star for ~~Adar~~ (Anu XII), LBAT 1499 (Enlil I), [Horowitz 2014: 196]; BM 82923: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Horowitz 2014 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].		*Month-Star Lists, Anu-star for Addaru (Anu XII), LBAT 1499 (Enlil I), [Horowitz 2014: 196]; BM 82923: <sup>mul d</sup>AMAR.UTU // 45 // LUGAL DINGIR.DINGIR ''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Marduk // 45 // King of the Igigi deities". [Horowitz 2014 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:36].
	*Rising and Setting Stars: BM 34713 (LBAT 1499): Setting in Month VI, ~~Elul~~, Rising in Month XII, ~~Adar~~ (Horowitz 2014 161-162).		*Rising and Setting Stars: BM 34713 (LBAT 1499): Setting in Month VI, Ululu, Rising in Month XII, Addaru (Horowitz 2014 161-162).
	** (3) '''''<s>, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.</s>'''''		** (3) '''''<s>, I repeat my problems with Astrolabe B: What are lists 12'3 and 3'12? These abbreviations are nowhere explained and cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. What means "sunrise-sunset=6m"? It probably means the list of risings and settings of stars six months apart. The use of <u>sun</u>rise and <u>sun</u>set is wrong. Moreover, the line numbers given for KAV 218 cannot be found in Horowitz 2014. To use line numbers that start from 1 three times on the same tablet produces an unneccesary confusion.</s>'''''
	** '''''<s>This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. !!! ???</s>'''''		** '''''<s>This whole problem needs to be fixed <u>everywhere</u> in Astrolabe B. !!! ???</s>'''''
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	==== Deity ====		==== Deity ====
	The name of Marduk, as the patron of Babylon, has been mentioned since the third dynasty of Ur (21st century BCE). Among his epithets: MUL ''kiššati''(ŠU<sub>2</sub>) ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina šamê''(AN<sup>e</sup>) "The star of all that is in the sky". [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 47:10], [MUL] ''nuḫši''(ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN) "[Star of] abundance" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 46, Sm. 78 + Sm. 1078:15]. It is not known when this deity acquired astral significance. The earliest evidence is from the 13th century BCE (list from Emar). The name of Jupiter in Old Babylonian texts—<sup>d</sup>šul.pa.e<sub>3</sub> [Falkenstein 1963<ref>''Falkenstein A.'' Sumerische religiöse Texte // ZA. 1963. Bd. XXI. S. 11-67.</ref>, 33]; see also (Kurtik a27) AMAR.GIR<sub>2</sub>.		The name of Marduk, as the patron of Babylon, has been mentioned since the third dynasty of Ur (21st century BCE). Among his epithets: MUL ''kiššati''(ŠU<sub>2</sub>) ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina šamê''(AN<sup>e</sup>) "The star of all that is in the sky" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 47:10], [MUL] ''nuḫši''(ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN) "[Star of] abundance" [CT<ref name=":11" /> 25, 46, Sm. 78 + Sm. 1078:15]. It is not known when this deity acquired astral significance. The earliest evidence is from the 13th century BCE (list from Emar). The name of Jupiter in Old Babylonian texts—<sup>d</sup>šul.pa.e<sub>3</sub> [Falkenstein 1963<ref>''Falkenstein A.'' Sumerische religiöse Texte // ZA. 1963. Bd. XXI. S. 11-67.</ref>, 33]; see also (Kurtik a27) AMAR.GIR<sub>2</sub>.

	==== Previous Identifications. ====		==== Previous Identifications. ====
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	* (6) Connection between Jupiter and Mercury during heliacal risings: DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>[AM]AR<sup>!</sup>.UTU<sup>!</sup> / MI-''ma'' (gloss: ''ṣa-li-im-''˹''ma''˺) ˹''it-ta''˺-''n''[''a-mar''] / ''ina'' MU BI A<sub>2</sub>.[SIG<sub>3</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši''] (gloss: ''a-s''[''ak-ku'']) "If Marduk’s star is dark and is seen again and again: in this year [there will be ''as''[''akku''] (disease) [SAA 10<ref name=":8" />, 67 r. 1-3]; DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU GI<sub>6</sub>-''ma'' IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> MU BI A.SIG<sub>3</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' "If Marduk's star is dark when it becomes visible: this year, there will be ''asakku'' (disease)" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 6) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" /> 118].		* (6) Connection between Jupiter and Mercury during heliacal risings: DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>[AM]AR<sup>!</sup>.UTU<sup>!</sup> / MI-''ma'' (gloss: ''ṣa-li-im-''˹''ma''˺) ˹''it-ta''˺-''n''[''a-mar''] / ''ina'' MU BI A<sub>2</sub>.[SIG<sub>3</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši''] (gloss: ''a-s''[''ak-ku'']) "If Marduk’s star is dark and is seen again and again: in this year [there will be ''as''[''akku''] (disease) [SAA 10<ref name=":8" />, 67 r. 1-3]; DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU GI<sub>6</sub>-''ma'' IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> MU BI A.SIG<sub>3</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' "If Marduk's star is dark when it becomes visible: this year, there will be ''asakku'' (disease)" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 6) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" /> 118].
	* (7) Magical prohibition. DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''pa-gar'' LU<sub>2</sub> IGI ''be-en-nu'' DIB-''su'' "If the star of Marduk sees a man's body: epilepsy(?) will seize him" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 4); DIŠ ''ina ma-ḫar'' MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU LU<sub>2</sub> A ''ir-muk'' NAM.TAG.GA GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' "If a man bathes before the star of Marduk: there will be guilt" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 5) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" /> 118-9].		* (7) Magical prohibition. DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''pa-gar'' LU<sub>2</sub> IGI ''be-en-nu'' DIB-''su'' "If the star of Marduk sees a man's body: epilepsy(?) will seize him" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 4); DIŠ ''ina ma-ḫar'' MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU LU<sub>2</sub> A ''ir-muk'' NAM.TAG.GA GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' "If a man bathes before the star of Marduk: there will be guilt" (MUL.APIN II Gap B 5) [Hunger and Steele (2019)<ref name=":7" /> 118-9].
	* (8) The name of Jupiter depending on its position relative to the horizon; [MU]L <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ina'' IGI.LAL-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>ŠUL.PA.E<sub>3</sub> / 1 KASKAL.GID<sub>2</sub> ''i-šaq-qa-ma'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.ME.GAR / ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>-''ru'' "The star of Marduk, when it appears, (is called) Šulpae; when it rises 1 "double hour" - Sagmegar; when it stands in the middle of the sky, - Crossing." [SAA 8<ref name=":9" />, 147:7-r.1], for a parallel to the reference to <sup>d</sup>''Da-pi-nu'' see [BPO 3<ref name=":5" />, K.3124:5′-6′] (Kurtik d03 [[Dāpinu\|<sup>d</sup>''Dāpinu'']]).		* (8) The name of Jupiter depending on its position relative to the horizon; [MU]L <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ina'' IGI.LAL-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>ŠUL.PA.E<sub>3</sub> / 1 KASKAL.GID<sub>2</sub> ''i-šaq-qa-ma'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.ME.GAR / ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''be''<sub>2</sub>-''ru'' "The star of Marduk, when it appears, (is called) Šulpae; when it rises 1 "double hour" - Sagmegar; when it stands in the middle of the sky - Crossing." [SAA 8<ref name=":9" />, 147:7-r.1], for a parallel to the reference to <sup>d</sup>''Da-pi-nu'' see [BPO 3<ref name=":5" />, K.3124:5′-6′] (Kurtik d03 [[Dāpinu\|<sup>d</sup>''Dāpinu'']]).

	== Historical Dictionaries ==		== Historical Dictionaries ==