AN - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 02:24, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T02:24:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:24, 14 May 2026
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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Sumerian]]		[[Category:Sumerian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Solar System]]		[[Category:Solar System]]
	[[Category:Planet]]		[[Category:Planet]]

Sushoff at 12:36, 7 May 2026

2026-05-07T12:36:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:36, 7 May 2026
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023)<ref name=":0" />. Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023)<ref name=":0" />. Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]

	AN (𒀭) = ''Anum''. The name of the Sumerian-Akkadian King of the Heavens, sky god. AN, AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>d</sup>AN), <sup>mul</sup>AN and <sup>mul</sup>AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>mul d</sup>AN) can also used as a Sumerian designation for Mars. The standard name for Mars is Akkadian ''[[Ṣalbatānu]]''.		AN (𒀭) = ''Anum''. The name of the Sumerian-Akkadian King of the Heavens, sky god. AN, AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>d</sup>AN), <sup>mul</sup>AN and <sup>mul</sup>AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>mul d</sup>AN) can also used as a Sumerian designation for Mars. The standard name for Mars is Akkadian ''[[Ṣalbatānu]]''. This same sign is the standard determinative for divine names. Hence AN.AN can be for <sup>d</sup>AN =(the god) Anu as a specific asterism in this case, i.e. Mars. Anu is also the denizen of the central band of the sky, the Path of Anu.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

Sushoff at 08:21, 2 May 2026

2026-05-02T08:21:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:21, 2 May 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023)<ref name=":0" />. Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]

	AN (𒀭) = ''Anum''. The name of the Sumerian-Akkadian King of the Heavens, sky god. AN, AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>d</sup>AN), <sup>mul</sup>AN and <sup>mul</sup>AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>mul d</sup>AN) can also used as a Sumerian designation for Mars. The standard name for Mars is Akkadian ''[[Ṣalbatānu]]''.		AN (𒀭) = ''Anum''. The name of the Sumerian-Akkadian King of the Heavens, sky god. AN, AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>d</sup>AN), <sup>mul</sup>AN and <sup>mul</sup>AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>mul d</sup>AN) can also used as a Sumerian designation for Mars. The standard name for Mars is Akkadian ''[[Ṣalbatānu]]''.
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	* AN,		* AN,
	* <sup>mul<sub>2</sub></sup>AN.		* <sup>mul<sub>2</sub></sup>AN.
	The main meaning of An/Anu(m) is the name of <sup>d</sup>''A-num, t''he sky(-god). In this reading, see also [[AGA A-nim\|AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-num'']] “crown of Anum”.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		The main meaning of An/Anu(m) is the name of <sup>d</sup>''A-num, t''he sky(-god). In this reading, see also [[AGA A-nim\|AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-num'']] “crown of Anum”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>

	Var. designations:		Var. designations:

WayneHorowitz at 09:28, 29 April 2026

2026-04-29T09:28:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:28, 29 April 2026
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]

	AN (𒀭) = ''Anum''. The name of the Sumerian-Akkadian King of the Heavens, sky god. AN, AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>d</sup>AN), <sup>mul</sup>AN and <sup>mul</sup>AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>mul d</sup>AN) ~~are~~ also used as a Sumerian designation for Mars. The ~~regular~~ name for Mars ~~would be~~ [[Ṣalbatānu~~\|MUL <sup>d</sup>~~''~~Ṣal-bat-a-nu'']]~~.		AN (𒀭) = ''Anum''. The name of the Sumerian-Akkadian King of the Heavens, sky god. AN, AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>d</sup>AN), <sup>mul</sup>AN and <sup>mul</sup>AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>mul d</sup>AN) can also used as a Sumerian designation for Mars. The standard name for Mars is Akkadian ''[[Ṣalbatānu]]''.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
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	*(1) = ''kakkabu'' "asterism" [CAD K, 46a].		*(1) = ''kakkabu'' "asterism" [CAD K, 46a].
	*(2) Designation of the planet Mars, in later astronomical and astrological texts, sometimes includes the determinative múl [G. 21]; on the origins of the name see [Neugebauer and Sachs 1967, __FORCETOC__218].		*(2) Designation of the planet Mars, in later astronomical and astrological texts, sometimes includes the determinative múl [G. 21]; on the origins of the name see [Neugebauer and Sachs 1967, __FORCETOC__218].
	The ~~abbreviation AN (the single sign that also serves as the divine determinative DINGIR (d superscript) may be explained by the first entry for Mars in the~~ Great Star List:		The Great Star List of names for Mars opens AN AN = [[Ṣalbatānu\|''Ṣal'']]-''b''[''at-a-nu''] and MUL AN = MIN (''[[Ṣalbatānu]]'') [Koch-Westenholz 1995: 190, collated].

	* AN AN ''Ṣal-~~bat~~-a-nu''~~, which we propose was to be understood~~ AN = ~~<sup>d</sup>~~''~~Ṣal-bat-a-nu~~''.

	see also <sup>múl</sup>AN ''<sup>d</sup>Girra ez-zu ..., "''Mars, fierce Fire-god, ..." in the Babylonian New Year’s Ritual (Linssen 220: 308, translation p. 229).		see also <sup>múl</sup>AN ''<sup>d</sup>Girra ez-zu ..., "''Mars, fierce Fire-god, ..." in the Babylonian New Year’s Ritual (Linssen 220: 308, translation p. 229).

WayneHorowitz at 09:16, 29 April 2026

2026-04-29T09:16:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:16, 29 April 2026
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]

	AN (𒀭) = ''Anum''. The name of the Sumerian-Akkadian King of the Heavens, sky god. ~~For~~ AN (<sup>~~mul~~</sup>AN, <sup>d</sup>AN <sup>mul d</sup>AN~~) as a name for Mars,~~ perhaps to be ~~read DINGIR~~ <sup>mul</sup>~~DINGIR etc. '''(see Horowitz????~~)~~'''. In the first millennium BCE, <sup>múl</sup>AN is~~ also Sumerian designation for Mars. The regular name for Mars would be [[Ṣalbatānu\|MUL <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'']] ~~= MUL DINGIR = for signs MUL.AN~~.		AN (𒀭) = ''Anum''. The name of the Sumerian-Akkadian King of the Heavens, sky god. AN, AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>d</sup>AN), <sup>mul</sup>AN and <sup>mul</sup>AN.AN (perhaps to be understood as <sup>mul d</sup>AN) are also used as a Sumerian designation for Mars. The regular name for Mars would be [[Ṣalbatānu\|MUL <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'']].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Var. readings and signs:		Var. readings and signs:

HermannHunger at 11:49, 7 April 2026

2026-04-07T11:49:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 7 April 2026
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]

	AN (𒀭) = ''Anum'', The name of the Sumerian-Akkadian, King of the Heavens, sky god. For AN (<sup>mul</sup>AN, <sup>d</sup>AN <sup>mul d</sup>AN) as a name for Mars, perhaps to be read DINGIR <sup>mul</sup>DINGIR etc. '''(see Horowitz????)'''. In the first millennium BCE, <sup>múl</sup>AN is also Sumerian designation for Mars. The regular name for Mars would be [[Ṣalbatānu\|MUL <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'']] = MUL DINGIR = for signs MUL.AN.		AN (𒀭) = ''Anum''. The name of the Sumerian-Akkadian King of the Heavens, sky god. For AN (<sup>mul</sup>AN, <sup>d</sup>AN <sup>mul d</sup>AN) as a name for Mars, perhaps to be read DINGIR <sup>mul</sup>DINGIR etc. '''(see Horowitz????)'''. In the first millennium BCE, <sup>múl</sup>AN is also Sumerian designation for Mars. The regular name for Mars would be [[Ṣalbatānu\|MUL <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'']] = MUL DINGIR = for signs MUL.AN.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Var. readings and signs:		Var. readings and signs:

HermannHunger at 11:47, 7 April 2026

2026-04-07T11:47:30Z

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-04-07T11:13:28Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Sushoff at 16:13, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:13:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 26 March 2026
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	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]

Sushoff at 14:35, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:35:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:35, 22 January 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|thumb\|Schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023). Anu's path is around the celestial equator, ±17° (roughly, not always accurate). ]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:47, 7 April 2026
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	\|(2) In the cosmology of the three heavens, Anu belongs to the uppermost heaven. The description in "The Great Star List and Miscellanea":		\|(2) In the cosmology of the three heavens, Anu belongs to the uppermost heaven. The description in "The Great Star List and Miscellanea":

	*[AN''-u''<sub>2</sub>] AN.TA''-tum na<sub>4</sub>.lu-lu-da-ni-tum ša<sub>2</sub>'' <sup>d</sup>''a-nim / [''AN''-u<sub>2</sub>]'' MURUB''-tum na<sub>4</sub>.sag-gil-mut ša<sub>2</sub>'' <sup>d</sup>''igigi /'' AN''-u<sub>2</sub>'' KI.TA''-tum na<sub>4</sub>.aš-pu<sub>2</sub>-u ša<sub>2</sub>'' MUL<sup>meš</sup> "The upper heaven of ''luludanitu''-stone, (belongs to) Anu.		*[AN''-u''<sub>2</sub>] AN.TA''-tum'' na<sub>4</sub> ''lu-lu-da-ni-tum ša<sub>2</sub>'' <sup>d</sup>''a-nim / [''AN''-u<sub>2</sub>]'' MURUB''-tum'' na<sub>4</sub> ''sag-gil-mut ša<sub>2</sub>'' <sup>d</sup>''igigi /'' AN''-u<sub>2</sub>'' KI.TA''-tum'' na<sub>4</sub> ''aš-pu<sub>2</sub>-u ša<sub>2</sub>'' MUL<sup>meš</sup> "The upper heaven of ''luludanitu''-stone, (belongs to) Anu.
	*The middle heaven of ''saggilmut''-stone, (belongs to) ~~Ihigam~~. The lower sky of jasper, (belongs to) the stars". [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:278-280]. For a detailed analysis see. [MCG, Ch. 1].		*The middle heaven of ''saggilmut''-stone, (belongs to) the Igigi-gods. The lower sky of jasper, (belongs to) the stars". [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:278-280]. For a detailed analysis see. [MCG, Ch. 1].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	* ''ki-ma ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul d</sup>''Anu''(diš) gal-''u''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> an-''e it-tap-ḫa'' <sup>(mul d)</sup>''An-tum'' gal''-tum ša''<sub>2</sub> an-''e'' / ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da ''it-tap-ḫa''		* ''ki-ma ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul d</sup>''Anu''(diš) gal-''u''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> an-''e it-tap-ḫa'' <sup>(mul d)</sup>''An-tum'' gal''-tum ša''<sub>2</sub> an-''e'' / ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da ''it-tap-ḫa''
	*"As soon as the great heavenly asterism of Anu rises, (and) the great heavenly star Antum rises in the Wagon." [RAcc. 68, 119:15-16; Linssen 2004, 245:15-16].		*"As soon as the great heavenly asterism of Anu rises, (and) the great heavenly star Antum rises in the Wagon" [RAcc. 68 and 119:15-16; Linssen 2004, 245:15-16].

	The celestial incarnation of <sup>mul</sup> <sup>d</sup>Anum was, ~~apparently~~, a star in the constellation mu.bu.keš.da (= α Draconis?), <sup>(mul d)</sup>''Antum''~~–in~~ the constellation mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da (Ursa Major) [RAcc. 85, note 2; Reiner 1995, 139].		The celestial incarnation of <sup>mul</sup> <sup>d</sup>Anum was, according to MUL.APIN I i 19, a star in the constellation mu.bu.keš.da (= α Draconis?), that of <sup>(mul d)</sup>''Antum'' in the constellation mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da (Ursa Major) [RAcc. 85, note 2; Reiner 1995, 139].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|(4) As a constellation:		\|(4) As a constellation:

	* = <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL, see Astrolabe B (B ii 26-27), BM 82923:29, MUL.APIN I i 7, and see also. [BPO 2, III 33-33a], [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 181];		* = <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL, see Astrolabe B (B ii 26-27), BM 82923:29, MUL.APIN I i 7, and see also [BPO 2, III 33-33a], [Oelsner and Horowitz 1997-98, 181];
	* = <sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM, see Astrolabe B (B ii 15-17) [BPO 2, III 32-32a];		* = <sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM, see Astrolabe B (B ii 15-17) [BPO 2, III 32-32a];
	* = <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ.DA, see MUL.APIN I i 19;		* = <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ.DA, see MUL.APIN I i 19;
	* = <sup>mul</sup>SIM.MAḪ, cf. "Catalog of 30 Stars" (Anu 6) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 181, notes];		* = <sup>mul</sup>SIM.MAḪ, cf. "Catalog of 30 Stars" (Anu 6) [Oelsner and Horowitz 1997-98, 181, notes];
	* = <sup>mul</sup>UR.BAR.RA, see VR 46, 1:2.		* = <sup>mul</sup>UR.BAR.RA, see VR 46, 1:2.
	* = <sup>mul</sup>DINGIR.TUŠ.A<sup>meš</sup>, see VR 46, 1:16.		* = <sup>mul</sup>DINGIR.TUŠ.A<sup>meš</sup>, see VR 46, 1:16.
	* = <sup>mul</sup>ŠAḪ, see VR 46, 1:18.		* = <sup>mul</sup>ŠAḪ, see VR 46, 1:18.
	* = in one version of the Old Babylonian "Prayer to the Gods of the Night" [Horowitz-Wasserman 1996, 57-58:13].		* = in one version of the Old Babylonian "Prayer to the Gods of the Night" [Horowitz and Wasserman 1996, 57-58:13].

	See also: <sup>mul</sup>''Anu''(60) [SpTU III, 101 r. 7].		See also: <sup>mul</sup>''Anu''(60) [SpTU III, 101 r. 7].

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:13, 7 April 2026
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	* AN,		* AN,
	* <sup>mul<sub>2</sub></sup>AN.		* <sup>mul<sub>2</sub></sup>AN.
	The main meaning of An/Anu(m) is the name of ~~the~~ <sup>d</sup>''A-num, t''he sky(-god). In this reading, see also [[AGA A-nim\|AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-num'']] “crown of Anum”.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		The main meaning of An/Anu(m) is the name of <sup>d</sup>''A-num, t''he sky(-god). In this reading, see also [[AGA A-nim\|AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-num'']] “crown of Anum”.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>

	Var. designations:		Var. designations:
	*(1) = ''kakkabu'' "asterism." [CAD K, 46a].		*(1) = ''kakkabu'' "asterism" [CAD K, 46a].
	*(2) Designation of the planet Mars, in later astronomical and astrological texts, sometimes includes the determinative múl [G. 21]; on the origins of the name see [Neugebauer-Sachs 1967, __FORCETOC__218].		*(2) Designation of the planet Mars, in later astronomical and astrological texts, sometimes includes the determinative múl [G. 21]; on the origins of the name see [Neugebauer and Sachs 1967, __FORCETOC__218].
	The abbreviation AN (the single sign that also serves as the divine determinative DINGIR (d superscript) may be explained by the first entry for Mars in the Great Star List:		The abbreviation AN (the single sign that also serves as the divine determinative DINGIR (d superscript) may be explained by the first entry for Mars in the Great Star List:

	* AN AN ''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'', which we propose was to be understood AN = <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu''.		* AN AN ''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'', which we propose was to be understood AN = <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu''.

	see also <sup>múl</sup>AN ''<sup>d</sup>Girra ez-zu ..., "''Mars, fierce Fire-god, ~~my lord, my lord, be calm,~~" in the Babylonian New Year’s Ritual (Linssen 220: 308, translation p. 229).		see also <sup>múl</sup>AN ''<sup>d</sup>Girra ez-zu ..., "''Mars, fierce Fire-god, ..." in the Babylonian New Year’s Ritual (Linssen 220: 308, translation p. 229).
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
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	\|'''Predictions from EAE move to AMAR.UTU:'''		\|'''Predictions from EAE move to AMAR.UTU:'''
	*DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ana'' MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU TE <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' x [...]		*DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ana'' MUL <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU TE <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'' x [...]
	* "If a planet ~~approaches~~ the star of Marduk: Mars . [...]" [ACh Ištar, 30:30 = K. 2329 = AAT pl. 91-92 = CDLI P238165; read from CDLI photo]		* "If a planet comes close to the star of Marduk: Mars . [...]" [ACh Ištar, 30:30 = K. 2329 = AAT pl. 91-92 = CDLI P238165; read from CDLI photo]
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	\|"'''Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts.'''"		\|"'''Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts.'''"
	As a designation for Mars is used already in the earliest known "diary" of year -651 [ADRT I, no. -651:10], later passim.		As a designation for Mars AN is used already in the earliest known "diary" of year -651 [ADRT I, no. -651:10], later passim.
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	\|'''LBAT 1591.'''		\|'''LBAT 1591.'''
	In the list of 5 planets (obv. 1) AN is in the last place. ~~Temple rituals.~~		In the list of 5 planets (obv. 1) AN is in the last place.

	*(1) New Year rituals in Babylon: <sup>múl</sup>AN <sup>d</sup>''~~girru~~''(BIL.GI) ''ez-zu''... "Mars, the ~~wrathful Girru.~~" [RAcc. 138:308; Reynolds 1998, 349; Linssen 2004, 220:308, 229:308].		'''Temple rituals'''.

			*(1) New Year rituals in Babylon: <sup>múl</sup>AN <sup>d</sup>''girra''(BIL.GI) ''ez-zu''... "Mars, the fierce fire-god" [RAcc. 138:308; Reynolds 1998, 349; Linssen 2004, 220:308, 229:308].
	*(2) Rituals in Uruk, see (Kurtik u07) [[UDU.IDIM]].		*(2) Rituals in Uruk, see (Kurtik u07) [[UDU.IDIM]].
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	\| (1) The celestial sphere was divided into three regions, of which the central one, containing the celestial equator ~~and the ecliptic~~, belonged to Anu. This division first appears in a '''Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night''' [KUB IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]); the standard designation:		\| (1) The celestial sphere was divided into three regions, of which the central one, containing the celestial equator, belonged to Anu. This division first appears in a '''Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night''' [KUB IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]; the standard designation:

	*''kakkabāni''(MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "stars of Anu" or ''ḫarrān''(KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "~~way~~ of Anu".		*''kakkabāni''(MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "stars of Anu" or ''ḫarrān''(KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "path of Anu".
	*Lists of the stars of Anu:		*Lists of the stars of Anu:
	**a) 23 stars of Anu in MUL.APIN (I i 40-ii 18),		**a) 23 stars of Anu in MUL.APIN (I i 40-ii 18),
	**b) 12 stars of Anu in texts 82-5-22,512 [CT 33 9:8-14; HBA, 104],		**b) 12 stars of Anu in texts 82-5-22,512 [CT 33 9:8-14; HBA, 104],
	**c) 12 stars of Anu in Astrolabe B (B ii 1-33; C 1-12, center column) [Horowitz 2014, 38]; for parallels see. [LBAT 1499; Walker-Hunger 1977],		**c) 12 stars of Anu in Astrolabe B (B ii 1-33; C 1-12'''''??? line numbers different in Horowitz 2014, 38 ???''''', center column) [Horowitz 2014, 38]; for parallels see. [LBAT 1499; Walker and Hunger 1977],
	**(d) 10 stars of Anu in the "Catalogue of 30 Stars" [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, Anu 1-10].		**(d) 10 stars of Anu in the "Catalogue of 30 Stars" [Oelsner and Horowitz 1997-98, Anu 1-10].
	*The stars of Anu, Enlil and Ea were subject to special sacrifices. See, for example, the ritual “Washing of the mouth” (''mīs pî'') or the “revival” of the statue-deities:		*The stars of Anu, Enlil and Ea were subject to special sacrifices. See, for example, the ritual “Washing of the mouth” (''mīs pî'') or the “revival” of the statue-deities:
	**3 KEŠDA.MEŠ ''a-na šu-ut <sup>d</sup>A-nim šu-ut <sup>d</sup>E[n-lil<sub>2</sub> u šu-ut <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-a tara-kas<sub>2</sub>'' KI. MIN(= KA.LUḪ.U<sub>3</sub>.DA DU<sub>3</sub>''-uš'')]		**3 KEŠDA.MEŠ ''a-na šu-ut <sup>d</sup>A-nim šu-ut <sup>d</sup>E[n-lil<sub>2</sub> u šu-ut <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-a tara-kas<sub>2</sub>'' KI. MIN(= KA.LUḪ.U<sub>3</sub>.DA DU<sub>3</sub>''-uš'')]