AN.TA.ŠUR.RA - Revision history

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-04-08T08:57:39Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Sushoff at 16:14, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:14:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE: AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]		[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]

JanSafford at 18:15, 18 January 2026

2026-01-18T18:15:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:15, 18 January 2026
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	Variant:		Variant:

	* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref> 55-56; Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', sunset (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).		* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', sunset (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).

	Var. readings:		Var. readings:

Sushoff at 09:15, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T09:15:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:15, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE: AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA}}
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]		[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]

Sushoff at 06:57, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T06:57:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:57, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE: AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]		[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]
	AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA (𒀭𒋫𒋗𒌨𒊏) with variants AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠUR.RA), Akkadian equivalent: <sup>(mul)</sup>''Ṣāriru'' (𒍝𒊑𒊒)'','' "sparkling (flaring) star"''.'' These terms refer to bright phenomena in ancient Mesopotamia. The syllabic spelling mainly occurs in lexical texts, the term was used to refer to meteors and "shooting stars".		AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA (𒀭𒋫𒋗𒌨𒊏) with variants AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠUR.RA), Akkadian equivalent: <sup>(mul)</sup>''Ṣāriru'' (𒍝𒊑𒊒)'','' "sparkling (flaring) star"''.'' These terms refer to bright phenomena in ancient Mesopotamia. The syllabic spelling mainly occurs in lexical texts, the term was used to refer to meteors and "shooting stars".

InitTeam at 09:31, 6 January 2026

2026-01-06T09:31:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:31, 6 January 2026
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	NV 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in NV 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as to opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014: 217-219).		NV 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in NV 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as to opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 217-219).

	Variant:		Variant:

	* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger-Pingree 1999 55-56; Donbaz-Koch 1995]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = rabû, sunset (CAD R 50-51 rabû B).		* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref> 55-56; Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', sunset (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).

	Var. readings:		Var. readings:

	* (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA; = ''ṣāriru'' "sparkling (flashing) star";		* (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA; = ''ṣāriru'' "sparkling (flashing) star";
	* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2, 10; Gössman 1950, 36];		* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 10; Gössman 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 36];
	* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993, 164].		* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993<ref>''Chadwick R.'' Identifying Comets and Meteors in Celestial Observation Literature / Die Rolle der Astronomie in der Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Graz, 1993.</ref>, 164].

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|'''Text Nv. 10'''.		\|'''Text Nv. 10'''.

	* The Neo-Assyrian text from Nineveh in which for each month the constellations belonging to the category AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA [Donbaz-Koch 1995]'''''.'''''		* The Neo-Assyrian text from Nineveh in which for each month the constellations belonging to the category AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA [Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0" />]'''''.'''''
	\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification		\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''LBAT 1502 obv'''.		\|'''LBAT 1502 obv'''.

	* List of the stars AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠUR.RA and corresponding ''ziqpu''-star culminations. To the category AN.TA.ŠUR.RA in the preserved part of the tablet: <sup>mul</sup>GU, <sup>mul</sup>''A-nu-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>''zi-ba-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>d</sup>''šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur''<sub>4</sub> and <sup>d</sup>''šar''<sub>2</sub>-''gaz'', <sup>mul</sup>KUN.MEŠ(?), <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL (see related articles) [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 75-77].		* List of the stars AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠUR.RA and corresponding ''ziqpu''-star culminations. To the category AN.TA.ŠUR.RA in the preserved part of the tablet: <sup>mul</sup>GU, <sup>mul</sup>''A-nu-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>''zi-ba-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>d</sup>''šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur''<sub>4</sub> and <sup>d</sup>''šar''<sub>2</sub>-''gaz'', <sup>mul</sup>KUN.MEŠ(?), <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL (see related articles) [Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0" />, 75-77].
	\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification		\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification
	\|-		\|-
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	\|'''Lexical texts'''.		\|'''Lexical texts'''.

	* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists of stars: [<sup>mul</sup>an.ta].sur.ra [MSL XI, 133 col. ix 4], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra [ibid., 143 col. x 25].		* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists of stars: [<sup>mul</sup>an.ta].sur.ra [MSL XI<ref name=":2">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 133 col. ix 4], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra [ibid.<ref name=":2" />, 143 col. x 25].
	* (2) Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ru'' [MSL XI, 31 Gap j:a; Weidner 1959-60, VAT 9430:22], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ri'' [SpTU III, 114A v 54; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 110:311′], and [ibid., v 30(?)].		* (2) Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ru'' [MSL XI<ref name=":2" />, 31 Gap j:a; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, VAT 9430:22], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ri'' [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 114A v 54; Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref name=":3">Bloch, Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” , Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 110:311′], and [ibid.<ref name=":3" />, v 30(?)].
	\|in this text "an.ta.sur.ra" is a bright object that cannot be identified		\|in this text "an.ta.sur.ra" is a bright object that cannot be identified
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [BPO 2, II 2, III 6, 6b, XIX 1-2].		See. [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, II 2, III 6, 6b, XIX 1-2].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|"'''Reports'''."		\|"'''Reports'''."
	See. [SAA 8 76 r. 1, 381:1, 4].		See. [SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref> 76 r. 1, 381:1, 4].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	* '''(2)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>utu "Antasurra = Sun",		* '''(2)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>utu "Antasurra = Sun",
	* '''(3)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur. ra = ''me-šiḫ'' mul "Antasurra = transient star" (bright meteor),		* '''(3)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur. ra = ''me-šiḫ'' mul "Antasurra = transient star" (bright meteor),
	* '''(4)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag "Antasurra = the Glow (Flash?) of Pabilisag" [Mesop.Astrol, App. B:139-142].		* '''(4)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag "Antasurra = the Glow (Flash?) of Pabilisag" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:139-142].
	\|again, something bright without any specific identification:		\|again, something bright without any specific identification:
	These include the Sun-god, the center of the Milky Way Galaxy as seen in PA.BIL.SAG (Sagitarius), or other southern stars.		These include the Sun-god, the center of the Milky Way Galaxy as seen in PA.BIL.SAG (Sagitarius), or other southern stars.
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	==== Previous Identification. ====		==== Previous Identification. ====
	In the texts of Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502, according to Koch's interpretation, the term <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = ‘(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern’ refers to stars that rose before sunset, became visible at the end of civil twilight, and set before sunrise in the corresponding month [Koch 1995, 72, 76]; see also [Hunger-Pingree 1999 55-57].		In the texts of Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502, according to Koch's interpretation, the term <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = ‘(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern’ refers to stars that rose before sunset, became visible at the end of civil twilight, and set before sunrise in the corresponding month [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 72, 76]; see also [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref> 55-57].

	==== Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====
	(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ana IM ZI.GA "The shining star for the rising wind." [BPO 2, III 6].		(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ana IM ZI.GA "The shining star for the rising wind." [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 6].

	(2) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ma-diš'' SA<sub>5</sub> A.KAL ''uṣ-ṣa-pa'' "The shining star is very red: the flood will increase." [BPO 2, III 6b]; for parallels see. [BPO 2, XIX 1-2 + Parallels; SAA 9 381:1-2].		(2) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ma-diš'' SA<sub>5</sub> A.KAL ''uṣ-ṣa-pa'' "The shining star is very red: the flood will increase." [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 6b]; for parallels see. [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, XIX 1-2 + Parallels; SAA 9 381:1-2].

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==

JanSafford at 14:58, 26 December 2025

2025-12-26T14:58:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:58, 26 December 2025
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	Variant:		Variant:

	* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [~~ASM~~ 55-56; Donbaz-Koch 1995]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = rabû, sunset (CAD R 50-51 rabû B).		* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger-Pingree 1999 55-56; Donbaz-Koch 1995]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = rabû, sunset (CAD R 50-51 rabû B).

	Var. readings:		Var. readings:

	* (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA; = ''ṣāriru'' "sparkling (flashing) star";		* (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA; = ''ṣāriru'' "sparkling (flashing) star";
	* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2, 10; G. 36];		* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2, 10; Gössman 1950, 36];
	* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993, 164].		* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993, 164].

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	\|		\|
	=== (a36.) (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA (22) ===		=== (a36.) (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA (22) ===
	вар.: MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA «Звезда, вспыхивающая наверху»; особая категория звезд, которые были видны на востоке непосредственно после захода Солнца, отмечая начало ночи [~~ASM~~ 55–56; Donbaz–Koch 1995].		вар.: MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA «Звезда, вспыхивающая наверху»; особая категория звезд, которые были видны на востоке непосредственно после захода Солнца, отмечая начало ночи [Hunger-Pingree 1999 55–56; Donbaz–Koch 1995].

	I. Источники.		I. Источники.
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	II. Отождествление.		II. Отождествление.

	В текстах Nv. 10 и LBAT 1502, согласно интерпретации Коха, термин <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = «(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern» относится к звездам, которые восходили перед заходом Солнца, становились видны в конце гражданских сумерек и заходили перед восходом Солнца в соответствующий месяц [Koch 1995, 72, 76]; см. также [~~ASM~~, 55–57].\|\|Example		В текстах Nv. 10 и LBAT 1502, согласно интерпретации Коха, термин <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = «(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern» относится к звездам, которые восходили перед заходом Солнца, становились видны в конце гражданских сумерек и заходили перед восходом Солнца в соответствующий месяц [Koch 1995, 72, 76]; см. также [Hunger-Pingree 1999, 55–57].\|\|Example
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	=== (a34.) (MUL) AN.TA.SUR.RA (21) ===		=== (a34.) (MUL) AN.TA.SUR.RA (21) ===
	вар. чтения: (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA; = ''ṣāriru'' «Сверкающая (вспыхивающая) звезда»; термин для обозначения метеоров или «падающих звезд» [BPO 2, 10; G. 36]; <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' «Звезда наверху вспыхивающая» [Chadwick 1993, 164].		вар. чтения: (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA; = ''ṣāriru'' «Сверкающая (вспыхивающая) звезда»; термин для обозначения метеоров или «падающих звезд» [BPO 2, 10; Gössman 1950, 36]; <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' «Звезда наверху вспыхивающая» [Chadwick 1993, 164].

	I. Источники.		I. Источники.

	'''''Лексич. тексты'''''. '''(1)''' Одноязычные шумерские списки звезд: [<sup>mul</sup>an.ta].sur.ra [MSL XI, 133 col. ix 4], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra [ibid., 143 col. x 25]. '''(2)''' Серия ''Urra'' XXII: <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ru'' [MSL XI, 31 Gap j:a; Weidner 1959–60, VAT 9430:22], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ri'' [SpTU III, 114A v 54; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 110:311′], а также [ibid., v 30(?)]. '''''EAE'''''. См. [BPO 2, II 2, III 6, 6b, XIX 1–2]. «'''''Рапорты'''''». См. [~~ARAK~~, 76 r. 1, 381:1, 4]. «'''''Большой список звезд'''''». '''(1)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>''šullat u'' <sup>d</sup>''ḫaniš'' «Антасурра = Шуллат и Ханиш», '''(2)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>utu «Антасурра = Солнце», '''(3)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' mul «Антасурра = вспышка звезды», '''(4)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag «Антасурра = Сияние (Вспышка<sup>?</sup>) Пабилсага» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:139–142].		'''''Лексич. тексты'''''. '''(1)''' Одноязычные шумерские списки звезд: [<sup>mul</sup>an.ta].sur.ra [MSL XI, 133 col. ix 4], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra [ibid., 143 col. x 25]. '''(2)''' Серия ''Urra'' XXII: <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ru'' [MSL XI, 31 Gap j:a; Weidner 1959–60, VAT 9430:22], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ri'' [SpTU III, 114A v 54; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 110:311′], а также [ibid., v 30(?)]. '''''EAE'''''. См. [BPO 2, II 2, III 6, 6b, XIX 1–2]. «'''''Рапорты'''''». См. [SAA 8, 76 r. 1, 381:1, 4]. «'''''Большой список звезд'''''». '''(1)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>''šullat u'' <sup>d</sup>''ḫaniš'' «Антасурра = Шуллат и Ханиш», '''(2)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>utu «Антасурра = Солнце», '''(3)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' mul «Антасурра = вспышка звезды», '''(4)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag «Антасурра = Сияние (Вспышка<sup>?</sup>) Пабилсага» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:139–142].

	II. Отождествление.		II. Отождествление.
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	(1) Метеор, падающая звезда [Chadwick 1993, 164].		(1) Метеор, падающая звезда [Chadwick 1993, 164].

	(2) Часть созвездия Пабилсаг: <sup>[mu]l</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA / ''mi-ši-iḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG «Антасурра = ''mišḫu'' Пабилсага» [~~ARAK~~, 381:4–5]; возможно, λ Scorpii и ε Sagittarii [Weidner 1959–60, 107]. См. m26 ''mišiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG.		(2) Часть созвездия Пабилсаг: <sup>[mu]l</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA / ''mi-ši-iḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG «Антасурра = ''mišḫu'' Пабилсага» [SAA 8, 381:4–5]; возможно, λ Scorpii и ε Sagittarii [Weidner 1959–60, 107]. См. m26 ''mišiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG.

	(3) ''Антасурра — Меркурий внутри Пабилсага''; см. u08UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD, IV 20.		(3) ''Антасурра — Меркурий внутри Пабилсага''; см. u08UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD, IV 20.
Line 113:		Line 113:
	(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ana'' IM ZI.GA «Сверкающая звезда для восхода ветра» [BPO 2, III 6].		(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ana'' IM ZI.GA «Сверкающая звезда для восхода ветра» [BPO 2, III 6].

	(2) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ma-diš'' SA<sub>5</sub> A.KAL ''uṣ-ṣa-pa'' «Сверкающая звезда очень красная: половодье уcилится» [BPO 2, III 6b]; параллели см. [BPO 2, XIX 1–2 + Parallels; ~~ARAK~~, 381:1–2].		(2) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ma-diš'' SA<sub>5</sub> A.KAL ''uṣ-ṣa-pa'' «Сверкающая звезда очень красная: половодье уcилится» [BPO 2, III 6b]; параллели см. [BPO 2, XIX 1–2 + Parallels; SAA 8, 381:1–2].
	\|Example		\|Example
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 13:58, 12 December 2025

2025-12-12T13:58:39Z

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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Identification. ====		==== Previous Identification. ====
	In the texts of Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502, according to Koch's interpretation, the term <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = ‘(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern’ refers to stars that rose before sunset, became visible at the end of civil twilight, and set before sunrise in the corresponding month [Koch 1995, 72, 76]; see also [Hunger-Pingree 1999 55-57].		In the texts of Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502, according to Koch's interpretation, the term <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = ‘(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern’ refers to stars that rose before sunset, became visible at the end of civil twilight, and set before sunrise in the corresponding month [Koch 1995, 72, 76]; see also [Hunger-Pingree 1999 55-57].

	==== ~~III.~~ Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====
	(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ana IM ZI.GA "The shining star for the rising wind." [BPO 2, III 6].		(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ana IM ZI.GA "The shining star for the rising wind." [BPO 2, III 6].

Sushoff at 13:58, 12 December 2025

2025-12-12T13:58:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:58, 12 December 2025
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	AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA (𒀭𒋫𒋗𒌨𒊏) with variants AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠUR.RA), Akkadian equivalent: <sup>(mul)</sup>''Ṣāriru'' (𒍝𒊑𒊒)'','' "sparkling (flaring) star"''.'' These terms refer to bright phenomena in ancient Mesopotamia. The syllabic spelling mainly occurs in lexical texts, the term was used to refer to meteors and "shooting stars".		AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA (𒀭𒋫𒋗𒌨𒊏) with variants AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠUR.RA), Akkadian equivalent: <sup>(mul)</sup>''Ṣāriru'' (𒍝𒊑𒊒)'','' "sparkling (flaring) star"''.'' These terms refer to bright phenomena in ancient Mesopotamia. The syllabic spelling mainly occurs in lexical texts, the term was used to refer to meteors and "shooting stars".

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	~~===Kurtik with Hilder~~, ~~Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=~~==
	NV 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in NV 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as to opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014: 217-219).		NV 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in NV 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as to opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014: 217-219).

WayneHorowitz at 15:10, 11 December 2025

2025-12-11T15:10:03Z

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	\|-		\|-
	\|"'''Reports'''."		\|"'''Reports'''."
	See. [~~ARAK,~~ 76 r. 1, 381:1, 4].		See. [SAA 8 76 r. 1, 381:1, 4].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	==== II. Identification. ====		==== II. Identification. ====
	In the texts of Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502, according to Koch's interpretation, the term <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = ‘(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern’ refers to stars that rose before sunset, became visible at the end of civil twilight, and set before sunrise in the corresponding month [Koch 1995, 72, 76]; see also [~~ASM,~~ 55-57].		In the texts of Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502, according to Koch's interpretation, the term <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = ‘(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern’ refers to stars that rose before sunset, became visible at the end of civil twilight, and set before sunrise in the corresponding month [Koch 1995, 72, 76]; see also [Hunger-Pingree 1999 55-57].

	==== III. Astrology. ====		==== III. Astrology. ====
	(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ana IM ZI.GA "The shining star for the rising wind." [BPO 2, III 6].		(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ana IM ZI.GA "The shining star for the rising wind." [BPO 2, III 6].

	(2) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ma-diš'' SA<sub>5</sub> A.KAL ''uṣ-ṣa-pa'' "The shining star is very red: the flood will increase." [BPO 2, III 6b]; for parallels see. [BPO 2, XIX 1-2 + Parallels; ~~ARAK,~~ 381:1-2].		(2) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ma-diš'' SA<sub>5</sub> A.KAL ''uṣ-ṣa-pa'' "The shining star is very red: the flood will increase." [BPO 2, III 6b]; for parallels see. [BPO 2, XIX 1-2 + Parallels; SAA 9 381:1-2].

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:57, 8 April 2026
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	NV 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in NV 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as to opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 217-219).		Nv. 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 217-219).

	Variant:		Variant:

	* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', ~~sunset~~ (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).		* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', (sun)set (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).

	Var. readings:		Var. readings:

	* (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA; = ''ṣāriru'' "sparkling (flashing) star";		* (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''ṣāriru'' "sparkling (flashing) star";
	* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 10; ~~Gössman~~ 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 36];		* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 10; Gössmann 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 36];
	* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993<ref>''Chadwick R.'' Identifying Comets and Meteors in Celestial Observation Literature / Die Rolle der Astronomie in der Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Graz, 1993.</ref>, 164].		* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993<ref>''Chadwick R.'' Identifying Comets and Meteors in Celestial Observation Literature / Die Rolle der Astronomie in der Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Graz, 1993.</ref>, 164].

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	\|'''Text Nv. 10'''.		\|'''Text Nv. 10'''.

	* ~~The~~ Neo-Assyrian text from Nineveh in which for each month the constellations belonging to the category AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA [Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0" />]'''''.'''''		* A Neo-Assyrian text from Nineveh in which for each month the constellations belonging to the category AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are listed [Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0" />]'''''.'''''
	\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification		\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''LBAT 1502 obv'''.		\|'''LBAT 1502 obv'''.

	* List of the stars AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠUR.RA and corresponding ''ziqpu''-star culminations. To the category AN.TA.ŠUR.RA in the preserved part of the tablet: <sup>mul</sup>GU, <sup>mul</sup>''A-nu-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>''zi-ba-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>d</sup>''šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur''<sub>4</sub> and <sup>d</sup>''šar''<sub>2</sub>-''gaz'', <sup>mul</sup>KUN.MEŠ(?), <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL (see related articles) [Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0" />, 75-77].		* List of the stars AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠUR.RA and corresponding ''ziqpu''-star culminations. To the category AN.TA.ŠUR.RA in the preserved part of the tablet: <sup>mul</sup>GU, <sup>mul</sup>''A-nu-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>''zi-ba-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>-ur<sub>4</sub> and <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>-gaz, <sup>mul</sup>KUN.MEŠ(?), <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL (see related articles) [Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0" />, 75-77].
	\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification		\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification
	\|-		\|-
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	* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists of stars: [<sup>mul</sup>an.ta].sur.ra [MSL XI<ref name=":2">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 133 col. ix 4], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra [ibid.<ref name=":2" />, 143 col. x 25].		* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists of stars: [<sup>mul</sup>an.ta].sur.ra [MSL XI<ref name=":2">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 133 col. ix 4], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra [ibid.<ref name=":2" />, 143 col. x 25].
	* (2) Urra XXII ~~series~~: <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ru'' [MSL XI<ref name=":2" />, 31 Gap j:a; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, VAT 9430:22], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ri'' [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 114A v 54; Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref name=":3">Bloch, Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” , Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 110:311′], and [ibid.<ref name=":3" />, v 30(?)].		* (2) Series Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ru'' [MSL XI<ref name=":2" />, 31 Gap j:a; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, VAT 9430:22], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ri'' [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 114A v 54; Bloch and Horowitz 2015<ref name=":3">Bloch, Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” , Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 110:311′], and [ibid.<ref name=":3" />, v 30(?)].
	\|in this text "an.ta.sur.ra" is a bright object that cannot be identified		\|in this text "an.ta.sur.ra" is a bright object that cannot be identified
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, II 2, III 6, 6b, XIX 1-2].		See [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, II 2, III 6, 6b, XIX 1-2].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|"'''Reports'''."		\|"'''Reports'''."
	See. [SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref> 76 r. 1, 381:1, 4].		See [SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref> 76 r. 1, 381:1, 4].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|"'''The Great Star List'''."		\|"'''The Great Star List'''."

	* '''(1)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>''~~šullat~~ u'' <sup>d</sup>''ḫaniš'' "Antasurra = Šullat and Haniš",		* '''(1)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>šullat ''u'' <sup>d</sup>ḫaniš "Antasurra = Šullat and Haniš",
	* '''(2)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>utu "Antasurra = Sun",		* '''(2)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>utu "Antasurra = Sun",
	* '''(3)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur. ra = ''me-šiḫ'' mul "Antasurra = transient star" (bright meteor),		* '''(3)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur. ra = ''me-šiḫ'' mul "Antasurra = transient star" (bright meteor),
	* '''(4)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag "Antasurra = the Glow (Flash?) of ~~Pabilisag~~" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:139-142].		* '''(4)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag "Antasurra = the Glow (Flash?) of Pabilsag" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:139-142].
	\|again, something bright without any specific identification:		\|again, something bright without any specific identification:
	These include the Sun-god, the center of the Milky Way Galaxy as seen in PA.BIL.SAG (~~Sagitarius~~), or other southern stars.		These include the Sun-god, the center of the Milky Way Galaxy as seen in PA.BIL.SAG (Sagittarius), or other southern stars.
	\|}		\|}

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	==== Previous Identification. ====		==== Previous Identification. ====
	In the texts of Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502, according to Koch's interpretation, the term <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = ‘(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern’ refers to stars that rose before sunset, became visible at the end of civil twilight, and set before sunrise in the corresponding month [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 72, 76]; see also [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref> 55-57].		In the texts of Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502, according to Koch's interpretation, the term <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = ‘(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern’ refers to stars that rose before sunset, became visible at the end of civil twilight, and set before sunrise in the corresponding month [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 72, 76]; see also [Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref> 55-57].

	==== Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====
	(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ana IM ZI.GA "The shining star for the rising wind." [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 6].		(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ana'' IM ZI.GA "The shining star for the rising wind." [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 6].

	(2) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ma-diš'' SA<sub>5</sub> A.KAL ''uṣ-ṣa-pa'' "The shining star is very red: the flood will increase." [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 6b]; for parallels see. [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, XIX 1-2 + Parallels; SAA 9 381:1-2].		(2) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ma-diš'' SA<sub>5</sub> A.KAL ''uṣ-ṣa-pa'' "The shining star is very red: the flood will increase." [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 6b]; for parallels see [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, XIX 1-2 + Parallels; SAA 9 381:1-2].

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==