AN.TA.ŠUR.RA - Revision history

Sushoff at 13:20, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T13:20:30Z

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	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Phenomenon]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Phenomenon]]
			[[Category:Generic Term]]

YoulaAzkarrula at 02:27, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T02:27:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:27, 14 May 2026
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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Phenomenon]]

Sushoff at 12:53, 7 May 2026

2026-05-07T12:53:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:53, 7 May 2026
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	* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 10; Gössmann 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 36];		* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 10; Gössmann 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 36];
	* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993<ref>''Chadwick R.'' Identifying Comets and Meteors in Celestial Observation Literature / Die Rolle der Astronomie in der Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Graz, 1993.</ref>, 164].		* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993<ref>''Chadwick R.'' Identifying Comets and Meteors in Celestial Observation Literature / Die Rolle der Astronomie in der Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Graz, 1993.</ref>, 164].
	Interpretation by Fincke (2025); for previous ideas see Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>:		Interpretation by Fincke (2025) for Nv. 10; for previous ideas see Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>:

	* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night []. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', (sun)set (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).		* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night []. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', (sun)set (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).

Sushoff at 12:52, 7 May 2026

2026-05-07T12:52:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:52, 7 May 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]		[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]
	AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA (𒀭𒋫𒋗𒌨𒊏) with variants AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠUR.RA), Akkadian equivalent: <sup>(mul)</sup>''Ṣāriru'' (𒍝𒊑𒊒)'','' "sparkling (flaring) star"''.'' In most cases, these terms refer to bright phenomena in ancient Mesopotamia, for examples meteors and "shooting stars". A special use of the term occurs in Nv. 10 and related lists where the term is related to a set of stars that begin their ascent towards their culmination points. Here, the opposite of this term is MUL.AN.TA.GUB.BA (see most recently Fincke 2025).		AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA (𒀭𒋫𒋗𒌨𒊏) with variants AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠUR.RA), Akkadian equivalent: <sup>(mul)</sup>''Ṣāriru'' (𒍝𒊑𒊒)'','' "sparkling (flaring) star"''.'' In most cases, these terms refer to bright phenomena in ancient Mesopotamia, for examples meteors and "shooting stars". A special use of the term occurs in Nv. 10 and related lists where the term is related to a set of stars that begin their ascent towards their culmination points. Here, the opposite of this term is MUL.AN.TA.GUB.BA (see most recently Fincke 2025).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	'''<u>~~Needs to be re~~-~~written - as we also need a parallel entry for~~ AN.TA.~~GUB~~.BA in Nv. 10 and ~~related texts~~</u>'''		'''Var. readings:'''
			* (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''ṣāriru'' "sparkling (flashing) star";
			* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 10; Gössmann 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 36];
			* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993<ref>''Chadwick R.'' Identifying Comets and Meteors in Celestial Observation Literature / Die Rolle der Astronomie in der Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Graz, 1993.</ref>, 164].
			Interpretation by Fincke (2025); for previous ideas see Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>:

			* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night []. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', (sun)set (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).

	<s>Nv. 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 217-219).</s>		<s>Nv. 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 217-219).</s>

	~~<s>Variant:</s>~~

	* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', (sun)set (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).

	~~Var. readings:~~

	* (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''ṣāriru'' "sparkling (flashing) star";
	* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 10; Gössmann 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 36];
	* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993<ref>''Chadwick R.'' Identifying Comets and Meteors in Celestial Observation Literature / Die Rolle der Astronomie in der Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Graz, 1993.</ref>, 164].

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

WayneHorowitz at 05:43, 30 April 2026

2026-04-30T05:43:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:43, 30 April 2026
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	'''<u>Needs to be re-written - as ~~does~~ AN.TA.GUB.BA</u>'''		'''<u>Needs to be re-written - as we also need a parallel entry for AN.TA.GUB.BA in Nv. 10 and related texts</u>'''

WayneHorowitz: We need to discuss AN.TA.$UR.RA and AN.TA.GUB.Ba in light of Fincke's article. Perhaps we should dedicate a session to this in the coming weeks?

2026-04-30T05:42:40Z

We need to discuss AN.TA.$UR.RA and AN.TA.GUB.Ba in light of Fincke's article. Perhaps we should dedicate a session to this in the coming weeks?

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:42, 30 April 2026
Line 3:		Line 3:
	----		----
	[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]		[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]
	AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA (𒀭𒋫𒋗𒌨𒊏) with variants AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠUR.RA), Akkadian equivalent: <sup>(mul)</sup>''Ṣāriru'' (𒍝𒊑𒊒)'','' "sparkling (flaring) star"''.'' ~~These~~ terms refer to bright phenomena in ancient Mesopotamia. ~~The syllabic spelling mainly~~ occurs in ~~lexical texts,~~ the term ~~was used to refer~~ to ~~meteors and "shooting~~ stars".		AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA (𒀭𒋫𒋗𒌨𒊏) with variants AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠUR.RA), Akkadian equivalent: <sup>(mul)</sup>''Ṣāriru'' (𒍝𒊑𒊒)'','' "sparkling (flaring) star"''.'' In most cases, these terms refer to bright phenomena in ancient Mesopotamia, for examples meteors and "shooting stars". A special use of the term occurs in Nv. 10 and related lists where the term is related to a set of stars that begin their ascent towards their culmination points. Here, the opposite of this term is MUL.AN.TA.GUB.BA (see most recently Fincke 2025).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Nv. 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''~~antasurra~~'~~' and ''antašurra'' cannot~~ be ~~completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk~~ as ~~opposed to~~ AN.TA.GUB.BA ~~that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.~~</~~ref~~>~~: 217-219).~~		'''<u>Needs to be re-written - as does AN.TA.GUB.BA</u>'''

	Variant:
			<s>Nv. 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 217-219).</s>

			<s>Variant:</s>

	* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', (sun)set (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).		* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', (sun)set (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-04-08T08:57:39Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Sushoff at 16:14, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:14:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE: AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]		[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]

JanSafford at 18:15, 18 January 2026

2026-01-18T18:15:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:15, 18 January 2026
Line 10:		Line 10:
	Variant:		Variant:

	* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref> 55-56; Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', sunset (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).		* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', sunset (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).

	Var. readings:		Var. readings:

Sushoff at 09:15, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T09:15:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:15, 17 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE: AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA}}
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]		[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph\|thumb\|Pleiades and Venus in blue twilight (not dusk, but similar); CC-By SMH.]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:57, 8 April 2026
Line 6:		Line 6:

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	NV 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in NV 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as to opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 217-219).		Nv. 10 rev. gives two variant readings AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, both paired with AN.TA.GUB. LBAT 1502 has AN.TA.GUB with AN.TA.ŠUR.RA. As the sign ŠUR is the same as SUR, this means that the two terms ''antasurra'' and ''antašurra'' cannot be completely differentiated. However, we take the examples in Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502 to refer to a group of stars that tentatively have been identified as stars that appear at dusk as opposed to AN.TA.GUB.BA that appear at dawn (see Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 217-219).

	Variant:		Variant:

	* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', ~~sunset~~ (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).		* MUL AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA, AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA "Star flashing overhead"; a special category of stars which were visible in the east immediately after sunset, marking the beginning of the night [Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 55-56; Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0">''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>]. ŠU<sub>2</sub> = ''rabû'', (sun)set (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago and Glückstadt, 1956 - 2010</ref> R 50-51 ''rabû'' B).

	Var. readings:		Var. readings:

	* (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA; = ''ṣāriru'' "sparkling (flashing) star";		* (MUL) AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''ṣāriru'' "sparkling (flashing) star";
	* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 10; ~~Gössman~~ 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 36];		* term for meteors or "shooting stars" [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 10; Gössmann 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 36];
	* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993<ref>''Chadwick R.'' Identifying Comets and Meteors in Celestial Observation Literature / Die Rolle der Astronomie in der Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Graz, 1993.</ref>, 164].		* <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠUR.RA = ''kakkab eliš ṣāriru'' "the star above flashing" [Chadwick 1993<ref>''Chadwick R.'' Identifying Comets and Meteors in Celestial Observation Literature / Die Rolle der Astronomie in der Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Graz, 1993.</ref>, 164].

Line 28:		Line 28:
	\|'''Text Nv. 10'''.		\|'''Text Nv. 10'''.

	* ~~The~~ Neo-Assyrian text from Nineveh in which for each month the constellations belonging to the category AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA [Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0" />]'''''.'''''		* A Neo-Assyrian text from Nineveh in which for each month the constellations belonging to the category AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are listed [Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0" />]'''''.'''''
	\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification		\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''LBAT 1502 obv'''.		\|'''LBAT 1502 obv'''.

	* List of the stars AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠUR.RA and corresponding ''ziqpu''-star culminations. To the category AN.TA.ŠUR.RA in the preserved part of the tablet: <sup>mul</sup>GU, <sup>mul</sup>''A-nu-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>''zi-ba-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>d</sup>''šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur''<sub>4</sub> and <sup>d</sup>''šar''<sub>2</sub>-''gaz'', <sup>mul</sup>KUN.MEŠ(?), <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL (see related articles) [Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref name=":0" />, 75-77].		* List of the stars AN.TA.GUB.BA and AN.TA.ŠUR.RA and corresponding ''ziqpu''-star culminations. To the category AN.TA.ŠUR.RA in the preserved part of the tablet: <sup>mul</sup>GU, <sup>mul</sup>''A-nu-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>''zi-ba-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>, <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>-ur<sub>4</sub> and <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>-gaz, <sup>mul</sup>KUN.MEŠ(?), <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL (see related articles) [Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref name=":0" />, 75-77].
	\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification		\|AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA are categories of stars without any specific identification
	\|-		\|-
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	* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists of stars: [<sup>mul</sup>an.ta].sur.ra [MSL XI<ref name=":2">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 133 col. ix 4], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra [ibid.<ref name=":2" />, 143 col. x 25].		* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists of stars: [<sup>mul</sup>an.ta].sur.ra [MSL XI<ref name=":2">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 133 col. ix 4], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra [ibid.<ref name=":2" />, 143 col. x 25].
	* (2) Urra XXII ~~series~~: <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ru'' [MSL XI<ref name=":2" />, 31 Gap j:a; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, VAT 9430:22], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ri'' [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 114A v 54; Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref name=":3">Bloch, Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” , Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 110:311′], and [ibid.<ref name=":3" />, v 30(?)].		* (2) Series Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ru'' [MSL XI<ref name=":2" />, 31 Gap j:a; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, VAT 9430:22], <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''ṣa-ri-ri'' [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 114A v 54; Bloch and Horowitz 2015<ref name=":3">Bloch, Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” , Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 110:311′], and [ibid.<ref name=":3" />, v 30(?)].
	\|in this text "an.ta.sur.ra" is a bright object that cannot be identified		\|in this text "an.ta.sur.ra" is a bright object that cannot be identified
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, II 2, III 6, 6b, XIX 1-2].		See [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, II 2, III 6, 6b, XIX 1-2].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|"'''Reports'''."		\|"'''Reports'''."
	See. [SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref> 76 r. 1, 381:1, 4].		See [SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref> 76 r. 1, 381:1, 4].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|"'''The Great Star List'''."		\|"'''The Great Star List'''."

	* '''(1)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>''~~šullat~~ u'' <sup>d</sup>''ḫaniš'' "Antasurra = Šullat and Haniš",		* '''(1)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>šullat ''u'' <sup>d</sup>ḫaniš "Antasurra = Šullat and Haniš",
	* '''(2)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>utu "Antasurra = Sun",		* '''(2)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>utu "Antasurra = Sun",
	* '''(3)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur. ra = ''me-šiḫ'' mul "Antasurra = transient star" (bright meteor),		* '''(3)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur. ra = ''me-šiḫ'' mul "Antasurra = transient star" (bright meteor),
	* '''(4)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag "Antasurra = the Glow (Flash?) of ~~Pabilisag~~" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:139-142].		* '''(4)''' <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag "Antasurra = the Glow (Flash?) of Pabilsag" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:139-142].
	\|again, something bright without any specific identification:		\|again, something bright without any specific identification:
	These include the Sun-god, the center of the Milky Way Galaxy as seen in PA.BIL.SAG (~~Sagitarius~~), or other southern stars.		These include the Sun-god, the center of the Milky Way Galaxy as seen in PA.BIL.SAG (Sagittarius), or other southern stars.
	\|}		\|}

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	==== Previous Identification. ====		==== Previous Identification. ====
	In the texts of Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502, according to Koch's interpretation, the term <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = ‘(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern’ refers to stars that rose before sunset, became visible at the end of civil twilight, and set before sunrise in the corresponding month [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 72, 76]; see also [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref> 55-57].		In the texts of Nv. 10 and LBAT 1502, according to Koch's interpretation, the term <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR/ŠUR.RA = ‘(der) oben aufleuchtende(r) Stern’ refers to stars that rose before sunset, became visible at the end of civil twilight, and set before sunrise in the corresponding month [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 72, 76]; see also [Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref> 55-57].

	==== Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====
	(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ana IM ZI.GA "The shining star for the rising wind." [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 6].		(1) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ana'' IM ZI.GA "The shining star for the rising wind." [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 6].

	(2) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ma-diš'' SA<sub>5</sub> A.KAL ''uṣ-ṣa-pa'' "The shining star is very red: the flood will increase." [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 6b]; for parallels see. [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, XIX 1-2 + Parallels; SAA 9 381:1-2].		(2) <sup>mul</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA ''ma-diš'' SA<sub>5</sub> A.KAL ''uṣ-ṣa-pa'' "The shining star is very red: the flood will increase." [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 6b]; for parallels see [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, XIX 1-2 + Parallels; SAA 9 381:1-2].

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==