KhalidAlAjaji: Ceeated page for Arab asterism al-Qilada

2026-07-15T22:39:31Z

Ceeated page for Arab asterism al-Qilada

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{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''al-Qilāda'' (القلادة)}}

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'''al-Qilāda''' (Arabic: القِلادَة, , “the necklace”) is a six‑star asterism in Sagittarius whose stars trace an arc-shaped figure, curved like a bow or celestial necklace in the sky.

==Provenance, Etymology, History==

The name is an indigenous Arabic name reported by al-Ṣūfī, ibn Qutayba, and al-Marzūqī.

===Etymology===
''al-Qilāda'' (Arabic: القِلادَة), from the Arabic root (قلد).
Lisān al-ʿArab defines al-Qilāda as:
<blockquote>«القِلادَة: مَا جُعِل فِي العُنُق»</blockquote>
<blockquote> “Al-qilāda is that which is placed around the neck.”.</blockquote>

===Sources and Identification===
Both Ibn Qutayba and al-Marzūqī describe al-Qilāda as a group of six faint stars situated between the lunar stations of al-Naʿāʾim and Saʿd al-Ḏābiḥ. Al‑Ṣūfī further specifies that these correspond to the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th stars of Sagittarius.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification(s)
|-
|'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''
Original Arabic (p. 75)<ref name="qutayba"/>
ثم البَلْدَةُ، وهي رقعة في السماء، لا كواكب بها، بين النَّعَائِمِ وبين سَعْدِ الذَّابِحِ، ينزل القمر بها. وربما عدل، فنزل بالقِلادَةِ، وهي ستة كواكب مستديرة صغار خفية، تُشَبَّهُ بالقوس. ويسمِّيها قومٌ: القَوْسَ، وتُسَمَّى: الأُدْحِيَّ.

;English translation

Then comes al‑Balda, a patch of sky with no stars in it, lying between al‑Naʿāʾim and Saʿd al‑Ḏābiḥ, where the moon sets. Sometimes it deviates and sets in al-Qilāda, which is an asterism of six small, faint stars arranged in a circle and likened to a bow. Some people call it “the Bow” (al-Qaws), and it is also called ''al-Udḥiyy'' (Arabic: الأُدْحِيّ), the ostrich nesting ground.
|rowspan=3| [[File:Alqilada.png|thumb|center|400px|Star chart of the Arabian asterism ''Al-Qilada'' (القلادة). (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).]]
|-
|'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)''' (vol 1, p. 173)<ref name="marzuqi"/>
;Original Arabic

وأمّا البلدة فرقعة من السّماء لا كوكب بها بين النّعايم وبين سعد الذّابح، ينزلها القمر، ويقولون: ربّما عدل القمر أحيانا فنزل بالقلادة وهي ستة كواكب صغار، خفية فوق البلدة، مستديرة تشبه بالقوس، وتسمّيها العامة القوس.

;English translation

As for al‑Balda, it is a patch of sky with no stars in it, between al‑Naʿāʾim and Saʿd al‑Dhābiḥ, where the moon sets (passes). It is said that sometimes the moon deviates and sets in al-Qilāda, which is a necklace‑shaped asterism of six small, faint stars above al-Balda, arranged in a circle and resembling a bow. The common people call it “the Bow” .

|-
|'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>

Original Arabic (description of Sagittarius)

وتسمِّي [العرب] التاسع والعاشر والحادي عشر والثاني عشر والثالث عشر والرابع عشر [من كوكبة الرَّامِي]، وهي الستة التي على خط مقوس خلف السحابي الذي على عين الرَّامِي: القِلادَةَ، والقَلائِصَ أيضًا، وهذه الستة المقوسة هي التي قدّر أبو حنيفة [الدِيْنَوَري] أن هذا البرج سُمِّيَ القَوْسَ بها لأنها تشبه القَوْسَ، وتُسَمَّى أيضًا: الأُدْحِيَّ.</blockquote>

;English translation

And the Arabs call the ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth stars [of the constellation Sagittarius]—the six stars that lie in a curved line behind the small cloud on the Archer’s eye—''al-Qilāda'' (Arabic: القِلادَة, ‘the Necklace’), and also ''al-Qalāʾiṣ'' (Arabic: القلائص, ‘the young she‑camels (youthful camels)’). These six arced stars are the ones by which Abū Ḥanīfa al-Dīnawarī judged that this constellation was named ''al-Qaws'' (‘the Bow’), because they resemble a bow, and they are also called ''al-Udḥiyy'' (Arabic: الأُدْحِيّ), the ostrich nesting ground.

;Stars identification

The six stars are: ξ2, ο, π, d, ρ1, υ Sgr.
|}

==IAU Working Group Star Names==

In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ...

WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ...

This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.

== Weblinks ==

*
== Bibliography ==
Lisān al-ʿarab<ref name="lisan"/>, Kitāb al-Kawākib<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>, Ibn Qutayba<ref name="qutayba"/>, Al-Marzūqī<ref name="marzuqi"/>, Kunitzsch<ref name="Kunitzsch1961"/>, Danielle Adams<ref name="Adams2018"/>, Laffitte (2012<ref name="Laffitte2012"/>, 2025<ref name="Laffitte2025"/>), Urjuzat al-Kawākib<ref name="khalid2021urjuza"/>, Al-Ṯaqafī<ref name="thaqafi"/>, Al-Farāhīdī<ref name="farahidi"/>, Al-Ṣūfī 1954<ref name="sufi1954"/> Ideler 1809<ref name="ideler"/>, Schjellerup<ref name="Schjellerup"/>

== Reference ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="lisan">لسان العرب، ابن منظور (توفي 711 هـ) 
Ibn Manẓūr (d. 711 H/~1312 AD), ''Lisān al-ʿarab''</ref>
<ref name="khalid2021sufi">[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي. ]
[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr ''Book of the stars'' by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021.]</ref>
<ref name="qutayba">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري المتوفى سنة 276هـ - 879م، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ - 1956م. 
Ibn Qutayba ad-Dīnawarī, abū Muḥammad ʿabd Allah b. Muslim. d. 276 A.H / 879 A.D., ''Kitābu'l-Anwāʾ (on Meteorology of the Arabs)'', Dairatu'l-Maʿarifi'l-Osmania, Hyderabad - India 1956 A.D./1375 A.H.</ref>
<ref name="marzuqi">الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 هـ. 
Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (d. 1030), ''Al-Azminah wa al-Amkinah'' (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref>
<ref name="Kunitzsch1961">Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</ref>
<ref name="Adams2018">Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>
<ref name="Laffitte2012">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>
<ref name="Laffitte2025">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>
<ref name="khalid2021urjuza">[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=sharing أرجوزة الكواكب لأبي علي الحسين بن عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بابن الصوفي (ت بعد 400 ه، 1010م)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي. ]
[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=sharing ''Poem of the stars'' by Ibn al-Ṣūfī (died after ~ 400H, 1010AD): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021.]</ref>
<ref name="thaqafi">عبد الله بن حسين بن عاصم الثقفي (توفي 403 هـ)، الأنواء والأزمنة، تحقيق: د. نوري حمودي القيسي، د. محمد نايف الدليمي، دار الجيل، بيروت، لبنان، 1416 هـ. 
Al-Ṯaqafī, ʿabd Allah ibn Ḥusayn ibn ʿāṣim (d. 403 H/ ~1013 AD), ''Al-Anwaʾ wa al-Azmina'', critical edition by Dr. Nūrī al-Qaysī and Dr. Moḥammad Nayef al-Dulaymī, Dar al-Jīl, Beirut, Lebanon, 1416 H/1996 AD.</ref>
<ref name="farahidi">أبو عبد الرحمن الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي (توفي 170 ه)، كتاب العين، 1400 – 1405 هـ. 
Al-Farāhīdī, abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḫalīl b. Aḥmad (died ~ 786 AD), ''Kitab al-ʿayn'', a lexicon titled: The book of ʿayn (Arabic letter العين), (Arabic print of the original book, 1980 – 1985).</ref>
<ref name="sufi1954">أبو الحسين عبدالرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (المتوفى سنة 376 هـ/986م)، كتاب صور الكواكب الثمانية والأربعين، الطبعة الأولى بمطبعة مجلس دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد الدكن، الهند، 1375 هـ - 1954 م. 
Abūl-ḥusayn ʿabdur-Raḥmān aṣ-Ṣūfī. d. 376 A.H / 986 A.D., ''Ṣuwaru'l-Kawākib'', The Dairatu'l-Maʿarifi'l-Osmania, Hyderabad - Deccan - India, 1373 A.H./1954 A.D.</ref>
<ref name="ideler">Ideler, Ludwig, ''Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und die Bedeutung der Sternnamen'',Berlin 1809</ref>
<ref name="Schjellerup">Ṣūfī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn 'Umar, 903-986. ''Description Des étoiles Fixes''. traduction littérale avec des notes par H. C. F. C Schjellerup. St. Pétersbourg: Commissionnaires de lÁcadémie Impériale des sciences, 1874.</ref>
}}

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Al-Qilada - Revision history

KhalidAlAjaji: Ceeated page for Arab asterism al-Qilada