Al-Waṣl - Revision history

KhalidAlAjaji at 17:08, 15 July 2026

2026-07-15T17:08:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:08, 15 July 2026
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	\|rowspan=3\| [[File:Alwasl.png\|thumb\|center\|400px\|Star chart of the Arabian asterism ''Al-Waṣl'' (الوصل). (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).]]		\|rowspan=3\| [[File:Alwasl.png\|thumb\|center\|400px\|Star chart of the Arabian asterism ''Al-Waṣl'' (الوصل). (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).]]
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	\|'''ibn ʿāṣim al-Ṯaqafī (d. 403 H / ~1013)''' (manuscript, f. 47v.)<ref>~~{{cite manuscript \|last=~~Ibn ʿĀṣim ~~\|first=~~ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥusayn ~~\|title=~~Kitāb al-Anwāʾ wa-al-azmina wa-maʿrifat aʿyān al-kawākib ~~\|id=~~MS Ahmet III 3508, ~~f. 47v \|repository=[[~~Topkapi Palace Museum Library~~]] \|location=~~Istanbul ~~\|type=~~Codex}}</ref>		\|'''ibn ʿāṣim al-Ṯaqafī (d. 403 H / ~1013)''' (manuscript, f. 47v.)<ref name=""ms-asim">Ibn ʿĀṣim al-Ṯaqafī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥusayn, ''Kitāb al-Anwāʾ wa-al-azmina wa-maʿrifat aʿyān al-kawākib'', MS Ahmet III 3508, Topkapi Palace Museum Library, Istanbul, Codex</ref>

	It should be noted that the critical edition of this manuscript misread the name as al-Daḥl (الدحل).<ref name="thaqafi"/>		It should be noted that the critical edition of this manuscript misread the name as al-Daḥl (الدحل).<ref name="thaqafi"/>

KhalidAlAjaji at 16:57, 15 July 2026

2026-07-15T16:57:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:57, 15 July 2026
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	The Naʿāʾim are eight stars that follow al‑Shawla. Four of them lie in the Milky Way; these are the “incoming ostriches” (al‑naʿām al‑wārid). Four lie outside the Milky Way, descending from it; these are the “outgoing ostriches” (al‑naʿām al‑ṣādir). The incoming group is so called because it extends into the Milky Way as if drinking from it, while the outgoing group is so called because it departs from the Milky Way, as if having drunk and then moved away from the water. Each group of four forms a quadrilateral. Above them is a star which, if you observe it along with two stars from the outgoing ostriches and two from the incoming ostriches, you would liken together to a dome. The place of al‑Naʿām is called al‑Waṣl.		The Naʿāʾim are eight stars that follow al‑Shawla. Four of them lie in the Milky Way; these are the “incoming ostriches” (al‑naʿām al‑wārid). Four lie outside the Milky Way, descending from it; these are the “outgoing ostriches” (al‑naʿām al‑ṣādir). The incoming group is so called because it extends into the Milky Way as if drinking from it, while the outgoing group is so called because it departs from the Milky Way, as if having drunk and then moved away from the water. Each group of four forms a quadrilateral. Above them is a star which, if you observe it along with two stars from the outgoing ostriches and two from the incoming ostriches, you would liken together to a dome. The place of al‑Naʿām is called al‑Waṣl.

			;Stars identification

			The description indicates that al-Waṣl is the region bounded by the shape formed by these stars σ, φ, δ, γ, η, ε, ζ, τ, σ Sgr.
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)''' (vol 1, p. 173)<ref name="marzuqi"/>		\|'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)''' (vol 1, p. 173)<ref name="marzuqi"/>
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	وأمّا النّعايم فثمانية كواكب، أربعة في المجرة؛ وهي النّعايم الواردة، وأربعة خارجة عن المجرة، وهي النّعايم الصّادرة، وهي منحدرة، وكلّ أربعة منها على شبه بالتّربيع، وفوقها كوكب إذا تأملّته مع كوكبين من النّعايم الوارد شبهتها به قبة، وإنّما قيل: واردا لشرعه في المجرة، وقيل: الصّادر لمجيئه عنها.		وأمّا النّعايم فثمانية كواكب، أربعة في المجرة؛ وهي النّعايم الواردة، وأربعة خارجة عن المجرة، وهي النّعايم الصّادرة، وهي منحدرة، وكلّ أربعة منها على شبه بالتّربيع، وفوقها كوكب إذا تأملّته مع كوكبين من النّعايم الوارد شبهتها به قبة، وإنّما قيل: واردا لشرعه في المجرة، وقيل: الصّادر لمجيئه عنها.
	وأمّا البلدة فرقعة من السّماء لا كوكب بها بين النّعايم وبين سعد الذّابح، ينزلها القمر، ويقولون: ربّما عدل القمر أحيانا فنزل بالقلادة وهي ستة كواكب صغار، خفية فوق البلدة، مستديرة تشبه بالقوس، وتسمّيها العامة القوس ويسمّى موضع النّعايم الوصل.		وأمّا البلدة فرقعة من السّماء لا كوكب بها بين النّعايم وبين سعد الذّابح، ينزلها القمر، ويقولون: ربّما عدل القمر أحيانا فنزل بالقلادة وهي ستة كواكب صغار، خفية فوق البلدة، مستديرة تشبه بالقوس، وتسمّيها العامة القوس ويسمّى موضع النّعايم الوصل.
	~~;Stars identification~~

	~~The description indicates that al-Waṣl is the region bounded by the shape formed by these stars σ, φ, δ, γ, η, ε, ζ, τ, σ Sgr.~~

	;English translation		;English translation
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	The identification is the same as that of ibn ʿāṣim al-Ṯaqafī.		The identification is the same as that of ibn ʿāṣim al-Ṯaqafī.

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KhalidAlAjaji: created new page for al-Waṣl

2026-07-15T16:10:11Z

created new page for al-Waṣl

New page

{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''al-Waṣl'' (الوصل)}}

Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----

'''al-Waṣl''' (Arabic: الوَصْل), “the Joint or Connection” is an Arabic name for the sky region between al-Naʿām al-Wārid”, the incoming ostriches and al-Naʿām alṢādir”, the outgoing ostriches in Sagittarius.

==Provenance, Etymology, History==

The name is an indigenous Arabic name reported by al-Ṣūfī, ibn ʿāṣim al-Ṯaqafī, and al-Marzūqī, all lived during 10th and 11th century, but reporting on the authority of earlier scholars.

===Etymology===
''al-Waṣl'' (Arabic: الوَصْل), from the Arabic root (وصل).
Lisān al-ʿArab explains al-Waṣl as:
<blockquote>والوَصْلُ ضِدُّ الهِجْران. ابْنُ سِيدَهْ: الوَصْل خِلَافُ الفَصْل.</blockquote>
<blockquote> “Al-waṣl is the opposite of abandonment. Ibn Sīda said: ‘Waṣl is the opposite of faṣl (connection is the opposite of separation).’”.</blockquote>

===Sources and Identification===
Al-Ṣūfī identifys al-Waṣl as the region between the two groups of ostriches, while ibn ʿāṣim al-Ṯaqafī, and al-Marzūqī identify the region as inclusive of the two groups of ostriches.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification(s)
|-
|'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>

Original Arabic (description of Sagittarius)

وتسمِّي [العرب] الموضع الذي بين النَّعَامَيْنِ: الوَصْلَ، وهو المنزل العشرون من منازل القمر.</blockquote>

;English translation

“And the Arabs call the area between the two groups of Ostriches ‘al-Waṣl’; it is the twentieth station of the lunar mansions.”.

;Stars identification

The region surrouded by the quadrilateral δ, ε, ζ, φ Sgr.
|rowspan=3| [[File:Alwasl.png|thumb|center|400px|Star chart of the Arabian asterism ''Al-Waṣl'' (الوصل). (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).]]
|-
|'''ibn ʿāṣim al-Ṯaqafī (d. 403 H / ~1013)''' (manuscript, f. 47v.)<ref>{{cite manuscript |last=Ibn ʿĀṣim |first=ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥusayn |title=Kitāb al-Anwāʾ wa-al-azmina wa-maʿrifat aʿyān al-kawākib |id=MS Ahmet III 3508, f. 47v |repository=[[Topkapi Palace Museum Library]] |location=Istanbul |type=Codex}}</ref>

It should be noted that the critical edition of this manuscript misread the name as al-Daḥl (الدحل).<ref name="thaqafi"/>
;Original Arabic

والنعائم كواكب ثمانية على أثر الشولة، أربعة منها في الـمجرة، وهي النعام الوارد، وأربعة خارجة عن الـمجرة، منحدرة في الـمجرة، وهي النعام الصادر، وسمي الوارد واردا لأنه شرع في الـمجرة كأنه يشرب منها، وسمي الصادر صادرا لـخروجه عن الـمجرة، كأنه شرب ثم صدر، أي رجع عن الـماء، وكل أربعة منه على تربيع، وفوقها كوكب إذا تأملته مع كوكبين من النعام الصادر وكوكبين من النعام الوارد شبهته معه بقبة، ويُسَمَّى موضع النّعايم: الوَصْلَ.

;English translation

The Naʿāʾim are eight stars that follow al‑Shawla. Four of them lie in the Milky Way; these are the “incoming ostriches” (al‑naʿām al‑wārid). Four lie outside the Milky Way, descending from it; these are the “outgoing ostriches” (al‑naʿām al‑ṣādir). The incoming group is so called because it extends into the Milky Way as if drinking from it, while the outgoing group is so called because it departs from the Milky Way, as if having drunk and then moved away from the water. Each group of four forms a quadrilateral. Above them is a star which, if you observe it along with two stars from the outgoing ostriches and two from the incoming ostriches, you would liken together to a dome. The place of al‑Naʿām is called al‑Waṣl.
|-
|'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)''' (vol 1, p. 173)<ref name="marzuqi"/>
;Original Arabic

وأمّا النّعايم فثمانية كواكب، أربعة في المجرة؛ وهي النّعايم الواردة، وأربعة خارجة عن المجرة، وهي النّعايم الصّادرة، وهي منحدرة، وكلّ أربعة منها على شبه بالتّربيع، وفوقها كوكب إذا تأملّته مع كوكبين من النّعايم الوارد شبهتها به قبة، وإنّما قيل: واردا لشرعه في المجرة، وقيل: الصّادر لمجيئه عنها.
وأمّا البلدة فرقعة من السّماء لا كوكب بها بين النّعايم وبين سعد الذّابح، ينزلها القمر، ويقولون: ربّما عدل القمر أحيانا فنزل بالقلادة وهي ستة كواكب صغار، خفية فوق البلدة، مستديرة تشبه بالقوس، وتسمّيها العامة القوس ويسمّى موضع النّعايم الوصل.
;Stars identification

The description indicates that al-Waṣl is the region bounded by the shape formed by these stars σ, φ, δ, γ, η, ε, ζ, τ, σ Sgr.

;English translation

The Naʿāʾim are eight stars: four in the Milky Way, which are the “incoming Naʿāʾim,” and four outside the Milky Way, which are the “outgoing Naʿāʾim,” descending from it. Each group of four forms something like a quadrilateral, and above them is a star which, if you observe it together with two stars from the incoming Naʿāʾim, you would liken to a dome. They were called “incoming” because they enter into the Milky Way, and “outgoing” because they come forth from it.

As for al‑Balda, it is a patch of sky with no stars in it, between al‑Naʿāʾim and Saʿd al‑Dhābiḥ, where the moon sets (passes). It is said that sometimes the moon deviates and sets in al‑Qilāda, which is a necklace‑shaped asterism of six small, faint stars above al‑Balda, arranged in a circle and resembling a bow. The common people call it “the Bow,” and the location of al‑Naʿāʾim is called al‑Waṣl.

;Stars identification

The identification is the same as that of ibn ʿāṣim al-Ṯaqafī.

|
|}

==IAU Working Group Star Names==

In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ...

WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ...

This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.

== Weblinks ==

*
== Bibliography ==
Lisān al-ʿarab<ref name="lisan"/>, Kitāb al-Kawākib<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>, Ibn Qutayba<ref name="qutayba"/>, Al-Marzūqī<ref name="marzuqi"/>, Kunitzsch<ref name="Kunitzsch1961"/>, Danielle Adams<ref name="Adams2018"/>, Laffitte (2012<ref name="Laffitte2012"/>, 2025<ref name="Laffitte2025"/>), Urjuzat al-Kawākib<ref name="khalid2021urjuza"/>, Al-Ṯaqafī<ref name="thaqafi"/>, Al-Farāhīdī<ref name="farahidi"/>, Al-Ṣūfī 1954<ref name="sufi1954"/> Ideler 1809<ref name="ideler"/>, Schjellerup<ref name="Schjellerup"/>

== Reference ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="lisan">لسان العرب، ابن منظور (توفي 711 هـ) 
Ibn Manẓūr (d. 711 H/~1312 AD), ''Lisān al-ʿarab''</ref>
<ref name="khalid2021sufi">[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي. ]
[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr ''Book of the stars'' by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021.]</ref>
<ref name="qutayba">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري المتوفى سنة 276هـ - 879م، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ - 1956م. 
Ibn Qutayba ad-Dīnawarī, abū Muḥammad ʿabd Allah b. Muslim. d. 276 A.H / 879 A.D., ''Kitābu'l-Anwāʾ (on Meteorology of the Arabs)'', Dairatu'l-Maʿarifi'l-Osmania, Hyderabad - India 1956 A.D./1375 A.H.</ref>
<ref name="marzuqi">الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 هـ. 
Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (d. 1030), ''Al-Azminah wa al-Amkinah'' (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref>
<ref name="Kunitzsch1961">Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</ref>
<ref name="Adams2018">Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>
<ref name="Laffitte2012">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>
<ref name="Laffitte2025">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>
<ref name="khalid2021urjuza">[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=sharing أرجوزة الكواكب لأبي علي الحسين بن عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بابن الصوفي (ت بعد 400 ه، 1010م)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي. ]
[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=sharing ''Poem of the stars'' by Ibn al-Ṣūfī (died after ~ 400H, 1010AD): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021.]</ref>
<ref name="thaqafi">عبد الله بن حسين بن عاصم الثقفي (توفي 403 هـ)، الأنواء والأزمنة، تحقيق: د. نوري حمودي القيسي، د. محمد نايف الدليمي، دار الجيل، بيروت، لبنان، 1416 هـ. 
Al-Ṯaqafī, ʿabd Allah ibn Ḥusayn ibn ʿāṣim (d. 403 H/ ~1013 AD), ''Al-Anwaʾ wa al-Azmina'', critical edition by Dr. Nūrī al-Qaysī and Dr. Moḥammad Nayef al-Dulaymī, Dar al-Jīl, Beirut, Lebanon, 1416 H/1996 AD.</ref>
<ref name="farahidi">أبو عبد الرحمن الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي (توفي 170 ه)، كتاب العين، 1400 – 1405 هـ. 
Al-Farāhīdī, abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḫalīl b. Aḥmad (died ~ 786 AD), ''Kitab al-ʿayn'', a lexicon titled: The book of ʿayn (Arabic letter العين), (Arabic print of the original book, 1980 – 1985).</ref>
<ref name="sufi1954">أبو الحسين عبدالرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (المتوفى سنة 376 هـ/986م)، كتاب صور الكواكب الثمانية والأربعين، الطبعة الأولى بمطبعة مجلس دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد الدكن، الهند، 1375 هـ - 1954 م. 
Abūl-ḥusayn ʿabdur-Raḥmān aṣ-Ṣūfī. d. 376 A.H / 986 A.D., ''Ṣuwaru'l-Kawākib'', The Dairatu'l-Maʿarifi'l-Osmania, Hyderabad - Deccan - India, 1373 A.H./1954 A.D.</ref>
<ref name="ideler">Ideler, Ludwig, ''Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und die Bedeutung der Sternnamen'',Berlin 1809</ref>
<ref name="Schjellerup">Ṣūfī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn 'Umar, 903-986. ''Description Des étoiles Fixes''. traduction littérale avec des notes par H. C. F. C Schjellerup. St. Pétersbourg: Commissionnaires de lÁcadémie Impériale des sciences, 1874.</ref>
}}

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