Alawaidh - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Concordance */

2026-04-05T06:00:32Z

Concordance

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:00, 5 April 2026
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	Allen's<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley. 1899. ''Star-names and their meanings''. GE Stechert.</ref> assertion that ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' included a fifth star—μ Draconis (Alrakis) known as ''ar-rāqiṣ'' (the Ambling Camel) is one of his many errors, as all early Arabic sources identified the asterism as a group of four stars, not five.		Allen's<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley. 1899. ''Star-names and their meanings''. GE Stechert.</ref> assertion that ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' included a fifth star—μ Draconis (Alrakis) known as ''ar-rāqiṣ'' (the Ambling Camel) is one of his many errors, as all early Arabic sources identified the asterism as a group of four stars, not five.

	[[File:Alawaid Adams2018.png\|thumb\|Arabian camels (CC BY Danielle Adams 2018).]]		[[File:Alawaid Adams2018.png\|thumb\|Arabian camels (CC BY Danielle Adams 2018)<ref name=":1" />.]]
	Adams (2018),<ref>Adams, Danielle K. 2018. ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise: Multivalent Textures of Pre-Islamic Arabian Astronomy and the Hegemonic Discourse of Order.'' PhD Dissertation. The University of Arizona </ref> pp. 92–94.<blockquote>Opposite the Children of the Larger Bier in relation to the Pole in the northern sky, a struggle for survival plays out among four Camel Mothers (''al-ʿawāʾidh''), represented by a small, irregular quadrilateral of four stars (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375). The Arabic term indicates the female of a camel, horse or gazelle who has given birth recently (within the past 7, 10 or 15 days, according to varying reports), and she is so called “because her young one has recourse to her for protection” (Lane 1997, 5:2193). In the center of these four Camel Mothers lies a very dim star that was called the Young Camel (''al- rubʿ''), a term that specifically refers to one that was born in the beginning of the breeding season (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375; Lane 1997, 3:1017). Alone, al-Ṣūfī also identifies a nearby star called the Ambling Camel (''al-rāqiṣ''), which may or may not have been associated with the Camel Mothers complex (1981, 41). As al-Ṣūfī wrote his work a century after Ibn Qutayba, it is possible that this term developed much later and instead should be interpreted as the Dancer in reference to the tongue of the Greek dragon, Draco, on which this star is located (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41).</blockquote><blockquote>Between the Camel Mothers and the Two Wild Cow Calves (''al-farqadān'') lie the Two Wolves (''al-dhiʾbān''), a pair of stars oriented perpendicular to the Two Wild Cow Calves, so that when one pair is aligned vertically, the other is aligned horizontally (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374). In front of these two stars are some fainter stars that were called the Claws of the Wolf (''aẓfār al-dhiʾb''); Ibn Qutayba stops here in his description, but al-Ṣūfī identifies them specifically as a pair of very close stars that lie next to one of the Two Wolves (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41).</blockquote><blockquote>The Two Wolves were also called the Two Young Gazelles or the Two Young Pigeons (''al-ḥurrān'' [Al-Ṣūfī has ''al-jarrān'' (the two bases of a mountain), which is likely an error.]), and it is this appellation that both Ibn Qutayba and al-Marzūqī present first, suggesting it may have been their more common designation (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374). Later authors report that this pair of stars was additionally named ''al-ʿawhaqān'', a term that could mean the Two Black Camels, the Two Black Bulls or the Two Ravens (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374).</blockquote><blockquote>On the opposite side of the Camel Mothers from the Two Wolves is a very bright star that was called the Alighting Vulture (''al-nasr al-wāqiʿ''), because there were two fainter stars nearby that created a V-shaped formation with the bright star at the apex (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375). This reminded some Arabs of a vulture whose wings were folding up as it alighted onto a surface. Together, the Camel Mothers, the Young Camel, the Two Wolves and the Alighting Vulture were connected to each other in the following story:</blockquote>		Adams (2018),<ref name=":1">Adams, Danielle K. 2018. ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise: Multivalent Textures of Pre-Islamic Arabian Astronomy and the Hegemonic Discourse of Order.'' PhD Dissertation. The University of Arizona </ref> pp. 92–94.<blockquote>Opposite the Children of the Larger Bier in relation to the Pole in the northern sky, a struggle for survival plays out among four Camel Mothers (''al-ʿawāʾidh''), represented by a small, irregular quadrilateral of four stars (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375). The Arabic term indicates the female of a camel, horse or gazelle who has given birth recently (within the past 7, 10 or 15 days, according to varying reports), and she is so called “because her young one has recourse to her for protection” (Lane 1997, 5:2193). In the center of these four Camel Mothers lies a very dim star that was called the Young Camel (''al- rubʿ''), a term that specifically refers to one that was born in the beginning of the breeding season (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375; Lane 1997, 3:1017). Alone, al-Ṣūfī also identifies a nearby star called the Ambling Camel (''al-rāqiṣ''), which may or may not have been associated with the Camel Mothers complex (1981, 41). As al-Ṣūfī wrote his work a century after Ibn Qutayba, it is possible that this term developed much later and instead should be interpreted as the Dancer in reference to the tongue of the Greek dragon, Draco, on which this star is located (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41).</blockquote><blockquote>Between the Camel Mothers and the Two Wild Cow Calves (''al-farqadān'') lie the Two Wolves (''al-dhiʾbān''), a pair of stars oriented perpendicular to the Two Wild Cow Calves, so that when one pair is aligned vertically, the other is aligned horizontally (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374). In front of these two stars are some fainter stars that were called the Claws of the Wolf (''aẓfār al-dhiʾb''); Ibn Qutayba stops here in his description, but al-Ṣūfī identifies them specifically as a pair of very close stars that lie next to one of the Two Wolves (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41).</blockquote><blockquote>The Two Wolves were also called the Two Young Gazelles or the Two Young Pigeons (''al-ḥurrān'' [Al-Ṣūfī has ''al-jarrān'' (the two bases of a mountain), which is likely an error.]), and it is this appellation that both Ibn Qutayba and al-Marzūqī present first, suggesting it may have been their more common designation (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374). Later authors report that this pair of stars was additionally named ''al-ʿawhaqān'', a term that could mean the Two Black Camels, the Two Black Bulls or the Two Ravens (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374).</blockquote><blockquote>On the opposite side of the Camel Mothers from the Two Wolves is a very bright star that was called the Alighting Vulture (''al-nasr al-wāqiʿ''), because there were two fainter stars nearby that created a V-shaped formation with the bright star at the apex (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375). This reminded some Arabs of a vulture whose wings were folding up as it alighted onto a surface. Together, the Camel Mothers, the Young Camel, the Two Wolves and the Alighting Vulture were connected to each other in the following story:</blockquote>
	The Camel Mothers (''al-ʿawāʾidh'') were located between the Two Wolves (''al- dhiʾbān'') and the Alighting Vulture (''al-nasr al-wāqiʿ''), so the Arabs likened the two bright ones to Two Wolves that had desired to plunder the Young Camel (''al-rubʿ'')—and it is the offspring of the female camel—and they likened the Camel Mothers to four she-camels that were inclining toward the Young Camel [to protect it]. The Vulture (''al-nasr'') is also protecting it. (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41)		The Camel Mothers (''al-ʿawāʾidh'') were located between the Two Wolves (''al- dhiʾbān'') and the Alighting Vulture (''al-nasr al-wāqiʿ''), so the Arabs likened the two bright ones to Two Wolves that had desired to plunder the Young Camel (''al-rubʿ'')—and it is the offspring of the female camel—and they likened the Camel Mothers to four she-camels that were inclining toward the Young Camel [to protect it]. The Vulture (''al-nasr'') is also protecting it. (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41)
	<blockquote>It is important to note that neither Ibn Qutayba nor al-Marzūqī records this more detailed story, so it may be that the Two Wolves were originally unconnected to the Camel Mothers.</blockquote>Khalid AlAjaji		<blockquote>It is important to note that neither Ibn Qutayba nor al-Marzūqī records this more detailed story, so it may be that the Two Wolves were originally unconnected to the Camel Mothers.</blockquote>Khalid AlAjaji

Sushoff at 05:59, 5 April 2026

2026-04-05T05:59:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:59, 5 April 2026
Line 26:		Line 26:
	Allen's<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley. 1899. ''Star-names and their meanings''. GE Stechert.</ref> assertion that ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' included a fifth star—μ Draconis (Alrakis) known as ''ar-rāqiṣ'' (the Ambling Camel) is one of his many errors, as all early Arabic sources identified the asterism as a group of four stars, not five.		Allen's<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley. 1899. ''Star-names and their meanings''. GE Stechert.</ref> assertion that ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' included a fifth star—μ Draconis (Alrakis) known as ''ar-rāqiṣ'' (the Ambling Camel) is one of his many errors, as all early Arabic sources identified the asterism as a group of four stars, not five.

			[[File:Alawaid Adams2018.png\|thumb\|Arabian camels (CC BY Danielle Adams 2018).]]
	Adams (2018),<ref>Adams, Danielle K. 2018. ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise: Multivalent Textures of Pre-Islamic Arabian Astronomy and the Hegemonic Discourse of Order.'' PhD Dissertation. The University of Arizona </ref> pp. 92–94.<blockquote>Opposite the Children of the Larger Bier in relation to the Pole in the northern sky, a struggle for survival plays out among four Camel Mothers (''al-ʿawāʾidh''), represented by a small, irregular quadrilateral of four stars (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375). The Arabic term indicates the female of a camel, horse or gazelle who has given birth recently (within the past 7, 10 or 15 days, according to varying reports), and she is so called “because her young one has recourse to her for protection” (Lane 1997, 5:2193). In the center of these four Camel Mothers lies a very dim star that was called the Young Camel (''al- rubʿ''), a term that specifically refers to one that was born in the beginning of the breeding season (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375; Lane 1997, 3:1017). Alone, al-Ṣūfī also identifies a nearby star called the Ambling Camel (''al-rāqiṣ''), which may or may not have been associated with the Camel Mothers complex (1981, 41). As al-Ṣūfī wrote his work a century after Ibn Qutayba, it is possible that this term developed much later and instead should be interpreted as the Dancer in reference to the tongue of the Greek dragon, Draco, on which this star is located (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41).</blockquote><blockquote>Between the Camel Mothers and the Two Wild Cow Calves (''al-farqadān'') lie the Two Wolves (''al-dhiʾbān''), a pair of stars oriented perpendicular to the Two Wild Cow Calves, so that when one pair is aligned vertically, the other is aligned horizontally (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374). In front of these two stars are some fainter stars that were called the Claws of the Wolf (''aẓfār al-dhiʾb''); Ibn Qutayba stops here in his description, but al-Ṣūfī identifies them specifically as a pair of very close stars that lie next to one of the Two Wolves (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41).</blockquote><blockquote>The Two Wolves were also called the Two Young Gazelles or the Two Young Pigeons (''al-ḥurrān'' [Al-Ṣūfī has ''al-jarrān'' (the two bases of a mountain), which is likely an error.]), and it is this appellation that both Ibn Qutayba and al-Marzūqī present first, suggesting it may have been their more common designation (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374). Later authors report that this pair of stars was additionally named ''al-ʿawhaqān'', a term that could mean the Two Black Camels, the Two Black Bulls or the Two Ravens (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374).</blockquote><blockquote>On the opposite side of the Camel Mothers from the Two Wolves is a very bright star that was called the Alighting Vulture (''al-nasr al-wāqiʿ''), because there were two fainter stars nearby that created a V-shaped formation with the bright star at the apex (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375). This reminded some Arabs of a vulture whose wings were folding up as it alighted onto a surface. Together, the Camel Mothers, the Young Camel, the Two Wolves and the Alighting Vulture were connected to each other in the following story:</blockquote>		Adams (2018),<ref>Adams, Danielle K. 2018. ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise: Multivalent Textures of Pre-Islamic Arabian Astronomy and the Hegemonic Discourse of Order.'' PhD Dissertation. The University of Arizona </ref> pp. 92–94.<blockquote>Opposite the Children of the Larger Bier in relation to the Pole in the northern sky, a struggle for survival plays out among four Camel Mothers (''al-ʿawāʾidh''), represented by a small, irregular quadrilateral of four stars (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375). The Arabic term indicates the female of a camel, horse or gazelle who has given birth recently (within the past 7, 10 or 15 days, according to varying reports), and she is so called “because her young one has recourse to her for protection” (Lane 1997, 5:2193). In the center of these four Camel Mothers lies a very dim star that was called the Young Camel (''al- rubʿ''), a term that specifically refers to one that was born in the beginning of the breeding season (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375; Lane 1997, 3:1017). Alone, al-Ṣūfī also identifies a nearby star called the Ambling Camel (''al-rāqiṣ''), which may or may not have been associated with the Camel Mothers complex (1981, 41). As al-Ṣūfī wrote his work a century after Ibn Qutayba, it is possible that this term developed much later and instead should be interpreted as the Dancer in reference to the tongue of the Greek dragon, Draco, on which this star is located (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41).</blockquote><blockquote>Between the Camel Mothers and the Two Wild Cow Calves (''al-farqadān'') lie the Two Wolves (''al-dhiʾbān''), a pair of stars oriented perpendicular to the Two Wild Cow Calves, so that when one pair is aligned vertically, the other is aligned horizontally (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374). In front of these two stars are some fainter stars that were called the Claws of the Wolf (''aẓfār al-dhiʾb''); Ibn Qutayba stops here in his description, but al-Ṣūfī identifies them specifically as a pair of very close stars that lie next to one of the Two Wolves (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41).</blockquote><blockquote>The Two Wolves were also called the Two Young Gazelles or the Two Young Pigeons (''al-ḥurrān'' [Al-Ṣūfī has ''al-jarrān'' (the two bases of a mountain), which is likely an error.]), and it is this appellation that both Ibn Qutayba and al-Marzūqī present first, suggesting it may have been their more common designation (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374). Later authors report that this pair of stars was additionally named ''al-ʿawhaqān'', a term that could mean the Two Black Camels, the Two Black Bulls or the Two Ravens (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374).</blockquote><blockquote>On the opposite side of the Camel Mothers from the Two Wolves is a very bright star that was called the Alighting Vulture (''al-nasr al-wāqiʿ''), because there were two fainter stars nearby that created a V-shaped formation with the bright star at the apex (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375). This reminded some Arabs of a vulture whose wings were folding up as it alighted onto a surface. Together, the Camel Mothers, the Young Camel, the Two Wolves and the Alighting Vulture were connected to each other in the following story:</blockquote>
	The Camel Mothers (''al-ʿawāʾidh'') were located between the Two Wolves (''al- dhiʾbān'') and the Alighting Vulture (''al-nasr al-wāqiʿ''), so the Arabs likened the two bright ones to Two Wolves that had desired to plunder the Young Camel (''al-rubʿ'')—and it is the offspring of the female camel—and they likened the Camel Mothers to four she-camels that were inclining toward the Young Camel [to protect it]. The Vulture (''al-nasr'') is also protecting it. (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41)		The Camel Mothers (''al-ʿawāʾidh'') were located between the Two Wolves (''al- dhiʾbān'') and the Alighting Vulture (''al-nasr al-wāqiʿ''), so the Arabs likened the two bright ones to Two Wolves that had desired to plunder the Young Camel (''al-rubʿ'')—and it is the offspring of the female camel—and they likened the Camel Mothers to four she-camels that were inclining toward the Young Camel [to protect it]. The Vulture (''al-nasr'') is also protecting it. (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41)

Sushoff: /* Concordance */

2026-04-05T05:56:08Z

Concordance

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:56, 5 April 2026
Line 26:		Line 26:
	Allen's<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley. 1899. ''Star-names and their meanings''. GE Stechert.</ref> assertion that ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' included a fifth star—μ Draconis (Alrakis) known as ''ar-rāqiṣ'' (the Ambling Camel) is one of his many errors, as all early Arabic sources identified the asterism as a group of four stars, not five.		Allen's<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley. 1899. ''Star-names and their meanings''. GE Stechert.</ref> assertion that ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' included a fifth star—μ Draconis (Alrakis) known as ''ar-rāqiṣ'' (the Ambling Camel) is one of his many errors, as all early Arabic sources identified the asterism as a group of four stars, not five.

	Adams (2018),<ref>Adams, Danielle K. 2018. ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise: Multivalent Textures of Pre-Islamic Arabian Astronomy and the Hegemonic Discourse of Order.'' PhD Dissertation. The University of Arizona </ref> pp. 92–94.		Adams (2018),<ref>Adams, Danielle K. 2018. ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise: Multivalent Textures of Pre-Islamic Arabian Astronomy and the Hegemonic Discourse of Order.'' PhD Dissertation. The University of Arizona </ref> pp. 92–94.<blockquote>Opposite the Children of the Larger Bier in relation to the Pole in the northern sky, a struggle for survival plays out among four Camel Mothers (''al-ʿawāʾidh''), represented by a small, irregular quadrilateral of four stars (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375). The Arabic term indicates the female of a camel, horse or gazelle who has given birth recently (within the past 7, 10 or 15 days, according to varying reports), and she is so called “because her young one has recourse to her for protection” (Lane 1997, 5:2193). In the center of these four Camel Mothers lies a very dim star that was called the Young Camel (''al- rubʿ''), a term that specifically refers to one that was born in the beginning of the breeding season (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375; Lane 1997, 3:1017). Alone, al-Ṣūfī also identifies a nearby star called the Ambling Camel (''al-rāqiṣ''), which may or may not have been associated with the Camel Mothers complex (1981, 41). As al-Ṣūfī wrote his work a century after Ibn Qutayba, it is possible that this term developed much later and instead should be interpreted as the Dancer in reference to the tongue of the Greek dragon, Draco, on which this star is located (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41).</blockquote><blockquote>Between the Camel Mothers and the Two Wild Cow Calves (''al-farqadān'') lie the Two Wolves (''al-dhiʾbān''), a pair of stars oriented perpendicular to the Two Wild Cow Calves, so that when one pair is aligned vertically, the other is aligned horizontally (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374). In front of these two stars are some fainter stars that were called the Claws of the Wolf (''aẓfār al-dhiʾb''); Ibn Qutayba stops here in his description, but al-Ṣūfī identifies them specifically as a pair of very close stars that lie next to one of the Two Wolves (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41).</blockquote><blockquote>The Two Wolves were also called the Two Young Gazelles or the Two Young Pigeons (''al-ḥurrān'' [Al-Ṣūfī has ''al-jarrān'' (the two bases of a mountain), which is likely an error.]), and it is this appellation that both Ibn Qutayba and al-Marzūqī present first, suggesting it may have been their more common designation (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374). Later authors report that this pair of stars was additionally named ''al-ʿawhaqān'', a term that could mean the Two Black Camels, the Two Black Bulls or the Two Ravens (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374).</blockquote><blockquote>On the opposite side of the Camel Mothers from the Two Wolves is a very bright star that was called the Alighting Vulture (''al-nasr al-wāqiʿ''), because there were two fainter stars nearby that created a V-shaped formation with the bright star at the apex (Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:375). This reminded some Arabs of a vulture whose wings were folding up as it alighted onto a surface. Together, the Camel Mothers, the Young Camel, the Two Wolves and the Alighting Vulture were connected to each other in the following story:</blockquote>
			The Camel Mothers (''al-ʿawāʾidh'') were located between the Two Wolves (''al- dhiʾbān'') and the Alighting Vulture (''al-nasr al-wāqiʿ''), so the Arabs likened the two bright ones to Two Wolves that had desired to plunder the Young Camel (''al-rubʿ'')—and it is the offspring of the female camel—and they likened the Camel Mothers to four she-camels that were inclining toward the Young Camel [to protect it]. The Vulture (''al-nasr'') is also protecting it. (al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41)
	Khalid AlAjaji		<blockquote>It is important to note that neither Ibn Qutayba nor al-Marzūqī records this more detailed story, so it may be that the Two Wolves were originally unconnected to the Camel Mothers.</blockquote>Khalid AlAjaji
	[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL draw+map.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian Camel Mothers and Camel Baby in Draco (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]		[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL draw+map.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian Camel Mothers and Camel Baby in Draco (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]
	Roland Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) deliberately translates '''''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', «''' '''camels that have just given birth » .''' <blockquote>Arabic العوائذ ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', ‘the camels that have just given birth’, name of the group ''βγξν Dra''''',''' Ibn Qutayba. Lat.: Bode for ''βγξν Dra''; Piazzi for ''β Dra'', Littrow, Proctor, etc., as noted by Allen. Fr.: Francœur. ''Alwaid'', Rumrill, ''Alwaid A & B'' p/ ''ν<sup>2</sup> & ν<sup>1</sup> Dra''''',''' Rhoads, ''Alwaid'' p/ ''β Dra'', Rumrill, Hoffleit, Nit. 01, ''h2g2''.</blockquote>He also mentions '''[''Quinque Dromadarii'']''', ‘the Five Dromedaries’ for p/''βγξνρ Dra'', c/ Apian from a medieval translation by al-Ṣūfī, see KUNITZSCH, ‘Peter Apian und “Azophi”’<sup>B►</sup>. Noted p/ Allen<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names - Their Lore and Meaning. Dover Publications, Inc., New York</ref>''.''		Roland Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) deliberately translates '''''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', «''' '''camels that have just given birth » .''' <blockquote>Arabic العوائذ ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', ‘the camels that have just given birth’, name of the group ''βγξν Dra''''',''' Ibn Qutayba. Lat.: Bode for ''βγξν Dra''; Piazzi for ''β Dra'', Littrow, Proctor, etc., as noted by Allen. Fr.: Francœur. ''Alwaid'', Rumrill, ''Alwaid A & B'' p/ ''ν<sup>2</sup> & ν<sup>1</sup> Dra''''',''' Rhoads, ''Alwaid'' p/ ''β Dra'', Rumrill, Hoffleit, Nit. 01, ''h2g2''.</blockquote>He also mentions '''[''Quinque Dromadarii'']''', ‘the Five Dromedaries’ for p/''βγξνρ Dra'', c/ Apian from a medieval translation by al-Ṣūfī, see KUNITZSCH, ‘Peter Apian und “Azophi”’<sup>B►</sup>. Noted p/ Allen<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names - Their Lore and Meaning. Dover Publications, Inc., New York</ref>''.''

Rolandlaffitte at 09:06, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T09:06:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:06, 26 March 2026
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	[[File:4mothers1baby camels stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian camels: four mothers protecting one baby in the middle (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji in Stellarium for WGSN).]]		[[File:4mothers1baby camels stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian camels: four mothers protecting one baby in the middle (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji in Stellarium for WGSN).]]
	[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL.png\|thumb\|Arabian astrisms in the Draco area with some enemies from all directions threatening the camel baby protected by the four camel mothers (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]		[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL.png\|thumb\|Arabian astrisms in the Draco area with some enemies from all directions threatening the camel baby protected by the four camel mothers (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]
	Alawaidh (العَوائِذ), The Camel Mothers, derives from an Arabic asterism: four camel mothers are protecting one newborn camel calf ([[Alruba]], HIP 86782). Laffitte (2025) mentions that the ~~five animals~~ together ~~wre~~ also occasionally named in Latin "Quinque Dromadarii".		Alawaidh (العَوائِذ), The Camel Mothers, derives from an Arabic asterism: four camel mothers are protecting one newborn camel calf ([[Alruba]], HIP 86782). Laffitte (2025)<ref name=":0" /> mentions that the four camel mothers together with the trotting camel were also occasionally named in Latin "Quinque Dromadarii".

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
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	Khalid AlAjaji		Khalid AlAjaji
	[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL draw+map.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian Camel Mothers and Camel Baby in Draco (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]		[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL draw+map.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian Camel Mothers and Camel Baby in Draco (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]
	Roland Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) deliberately translates '''''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', «''' '''camels that have just given birth » .''' <blockquote>Arabic العوائذ ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', ‘the camels that have just given birth’, name of the group ''βγξν Dra''''',''' Ibn Qutayba. Lat.: Bode for ''βγξν Dra''; Piazzi for ''β Dra'', Littrow, Proctor, etc., as noted by Allen. Fr.: Francœur. ''Alwaid'', Rumrill, ''Alwaid A & B'' p/ ''ν<sup>2</sup> & ν<sup>1</sup> Dra''''',''' Rhoads, ''Alwaid'' p/ ''β Dra'', Rumrill, Hoffleit, Nit. 01, ''h2g2''.</blockquote>He also mentions '''[''Quinque Dromadarii'']''', ‘the Five Dromedaries’ for p/''βγξνρ Dra'', c/ Apian from a medieval translation by al-Ṣūfī, see KUNITZSCH, ‘Peter Apian und “Azophi”’<sup>B►</sup>. Noted p/ Allen<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names - Their Lore and Meaning. Dover Publications, Inc., New York</ref>''.''		Roland Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) deliberately translates '''''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', «''' '''camels that have just given birth » .''' <blockquote>Arabic العوائذ ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', ‘the camels that have just given birth’, name of the group ''βγξν Dra''''',''' Ibn Qutayba. Lat.: Bode for ''βγξν Dra''; Piazzi for ''β Dra'', Littrow, Proctor, etc., as noted by Allen. Fr.: Francœur. ''Alwaid'', Rumrill, ''Alwaid A & B'' p/ ''ν<sup>2</sup> & ν<sup>1</sup> Dra''''',''' Rhoads, ''Alwaid'' p/ ''β Dra'', Rumrill, Hoffleit, Nit. 01, ''h2g2''.</blockquote>He also mentions '''[''Quinque Dromadarii'']''', ‘the Five Dromedaries’ for p/''βγξνρ Dra'', c/ Apian from a medieval translation by al-Ṣūfī, see KUNITZSCH, ‘Peter Apian und “Azophi”’<sup>B►</sup>. Noted p/ Allen<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names - Their Lore and Meaning. Dover Publications, Inc., New York</ref>''.''
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Name		!Name

Rolandlaffitte at 09:04, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T09:04:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:04, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Alawaidh (العَوائِذ)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Alawaidh (العَوائِذ)}}
	~~the caaneksAuthors~~: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}

	----		----

Rolandlaffitte: /* Modern Star Name Discussion */

2026-03-26T08:44:35Z

Modern Star Name Discussion

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:44, 26 March 2026
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	== IAU Working Group Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group Star Names ==
	The name "~~Alawaidh~~" was ~~suggested to~~ the ~~WGSN~~ in ~~2026 for ν Dra~~, ~~as this one is~~ the ~~only~~ star in ~~the quadrilateral that is yet unnamed~~. ~~The best rendering of the Arabic name in English seems to be~~ "~~Alawaidh~~" ~~which has not yet been used and might~~, ~~thus, not cause confusion with potential historical adoptions of the name.~~		The name "Alwaid" that is found in the literature of popular astronomy was proposed for the IAU-Catalog of Star Names in 2023. However, it was not applied to any star, since all four of the stars representing the Arabian asterism ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' (the Camel Mothers) already had IAU-approved modern star names in use. New suggestions (2024): As "Alwaid" was alias for Beta Draconis in several references, perhaps we should use it for β (beta) Draconis B (Gaia EDR3 1415230383034347264)?

			The name "Alawaidh" was suggested to the WGSN in 2026 for ν Dra, as this one is the only star in the quadrilateral that is yet unnamed. The best rendering of the Arabic name in English seems to be "Alawaidh" which has not yet been used and might, thus, not cause confusion with potential historical adoptions of the name.
	== References ==		== References ==

	* al-Marzūqī, Abū ˓Alī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. 1914. ''Kitāb al-azmina wa al-amkina.'' 2 vols. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Kāʾina, 2:374-375.		* al-Marzūqī, Abū ˓Alī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. 1914. ''Kitāb al-azmina wa al-amkina.'' 2 vols. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Kāʾina, 2:374-375.
	*

	~~== Modern Star Name Discussion ==~~
	The name "Alwaid" that is found in the literature of popular astronomy was proposed for the IAU-Catalog of Star Names in 2023. However, it was not applied to any star, since all four of the stars representing the Arabian asterism ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' (the Camel Mothers) already had IAU-approved modern star names in use.

	~~New suggestions (2024): As "Alwaid" was alias for Beta Draconis in several references, perhaps we should use it for β (beta) Draconis B (Gaia EDR3 1415230383034347264)?~~
	[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Arabic]]		[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Arabic]]

Rolandlaffitte at 08:42, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T08:42:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:42, 26 March 2026
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	[[File:4mothers1baby camels stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian camels: four mothers protecting one baby in the middle (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji in Stellarium for WGSN).]]		[[File:4mothers1baby camels stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian camels: four mothers protecting one baby in the middle (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji in Stellarium for WGSN).]]
	[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL.png\|thumb\|Arabian astrisms in the Draco area with some enemies from all directions threatening the camel baby protected by the four camel mothers (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]		[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL.png\|thumb\|Arabian astrisms in the Draco area with some enemies from all directions threatening the camel baby protected by the four camel mothers (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]
	Alawaidh (العَوائِذ), The Camel Mothers, derives from an Arabic asterism: four camel mothers are protecting one newborn camel calf ([[Alruba]], HIP 86782).		Alawaidh (العَوائِذ), The Camel Mothers, derives from an Arabic asterism: four camel mothers are protecting one newborn camel calf ([[Alruba]], HIP 86782). Laffitte (2025) mentions that the five animals together wre also occasionally named in Latin "Quinque Dromadarii".

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
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	Khalid AlAjaji		Khalid AlAjaji
	[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL draw+map.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian Camel Mothers and Camel Baby in Draco (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]		[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL draw+map.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian Camel Mothers and Camel Baby in Draco (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]
	Roland Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) deliberately translates '''''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', «''' '''camels that have just given birth » .''' <blockquote>Arabic العوائذ ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', ‘the camels that have just given birth’, name of the group ''βγξν Dra''''',''' Ibn Qutayba. Lat.: Bode for ''βγξν Dra''; Piazzi for ''β Dra'', Littrow, Proctor, etc., as noted by Allen. Fr.: Francœur. ''Alwaid'', Rumrill, ''Alwaid A & B'' p/ ''ν<sup>2</sup> & ν<sup>1</sup> Dra''''',''' Rhoads, ''Alwaid'' p/ ''β Dra'', Rumrill, Hoffleit, Nit. 01, ''h2g2''.</blockquote>		Roland Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) deliberately translates '''''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', «''' '''camels that have just given birth » .''' <blockquote>Arabic العوائذ ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', ‘the camels that have just given birth’, name of the group ''βγξν Dra''''',''' Ibn Qutayba. Lat.: Bode for ''βγξν Dra''; Piazzi for ''β Dra'', Littrow, Proctor, etc., as noted by Allen. Fr.: Francœur. ''Alwaid'', Rumrill, ''Alwaid A & B'' p/ ''ν<sup>2</sup> & ν<sup>1</sup> Dra''''',''' Rhoads, ''Alwaid'' p/ ''β Dra'', Rumrill, Hoffleit, Nit. 01, ''h2g2''.</blockquote>He also mentions '''[''Quinque Dromadarii'']''', ‘the Five Dromedaries’ for p/''βγξνρ Dra'', c/ Apian from a medieval translation by al-Ṣūfī, see KUNITZSCH, ‘Peter Apian und “Azophi”’<sup>B►</sup>. Noted p/ Allen<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names - Their Lore and Meaning. Dover Publications, Inc., New York</ref>''.''
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Name		!Name

Rolandlaffitte: /* Concordance */

2026-03-26T08:39:38Z

Concordance

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:39, 26 March 2026
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	Khalid AlAjaji		Khalid AlAjaji
	[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL draw+map.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian Camel Mothers and Camel Baby in Draco (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]		[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL draw+map.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian Camel Mothers and Camel Baby in Draco (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]
	Roland Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) deliberately translates '''''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', «''' '''camels that have just given birth » :'''		Roland Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) deliberately translates '''''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', «''' '''camels that have just given birth » .''' <blockquote>Arabic العوائذ ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', ‘the camels that have just given birth’, name of the group ''βγξν Dra''''',''' Ibn Qutayba. Lat.: Bode for ''βγξν Dra''; Piazzi for ''β Dra'', Littrow, Proctor, etc., as noted by Allen. Fr.: Francœur. ''Alwaid'', Rumrill, ''Alwaid A & B'' p/ ''ν<sup>2</sup> & ν<sup>1</sup> Dra''''',''' Rhoads, ''Alwaid'' p/ ''β Dra'', Rumrill, Hoffleit, Nit. 01, ''h2g2''.</blockquote>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Name		!Name

Rolandlaffitte at 08:31, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T08:31:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:31, 26 March 2026
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	[[File:4mothers1baby camels stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian camels: four mothers protecting one baby in the middle (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji in Stellarium for WGSN).]]		[[File:4mothers1baby camels stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Arabian camels: four mothers protecting one baby in the middle (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji in Stellarium for WGSN).]]
			[[File:Camelmothers+baby RL.png\|thumb\|Arabian astrisms in the Draco area with some enemies from all directions threatening the camel baby protected by the four camel mothers (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]
	Alawaidh (العَوائِذ), The Camel Mothers, derives from an Arabic asterism: four camel mothers are protecting one newborn camel calf ([[Alruba]], HIP 86782).		Alawaidh (العَوائِذ), The Camel Mothers, derives from an Arabic asterism: four camel mothers are protecting one newborn camel calf ([[Alruba]], HIP 86782).

Rolandlaffitte: /* References */

2026-03-26T08:27:14Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:27, 26 March 2026
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	Allen's<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley. 1899. ''Star-names and their meanings''. GE Stechert.</ref> assertion that ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' included a fifth star—μ Draconis (Alrakis) known as ''ar-rāqiṣ'' (the Ambling Camel) is one of his many errors, as all early Arabic sources identified the asterism as a group of four stars, not five.		Allen's<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley. 1899. ''Star-names and their meanings''. GE Stechert.</ref> assertion that ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' included a fifth star—μ Draconis (Alrakis) known as ''ar-rāqiṣ'' (the Ambling Camel) is one of his many errors, as all early Arabic sources identified the asterism as a group of four stars, not five.

	Adams (2018),<ref>~~Danielle~~ Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise''~~, 2018~~</ref> pp. ~~xx-xx~~.		Adams (2018),<ref>Adams, Danielle K. 2018. ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise: Multivalent Textures of Pre-Islamic Arabian Astronomy and the Hegemonic Discourse of Order.'' PhD Dissertation. The University of Arizona </ref> pp. 92–94.

	Khalid AlAjaji		Khalid AlAjaji
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	\| valign="top" \|the camels who have just given birth		\| valign="top" \|the camels who have just given birth
	\| valign="top" \|''βγξν Dra''		\| valign="top" \|''βγξν Dra''
	\| valign="top" \|Qutayba		\| valign="top" \|Qutayba<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab).'' Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, 148.</ref>
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\| valign="top" \|the trotting camel		\| valign="top" \|the trotting camel
	\| valign="top" \|''μ Dra''		\| valign="top" \|''μ Dra''
	\| valign="top" \|Ṣūfī		\| valign="top" \|Ṣūfī<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda, 41.</ref>
	\|cf. [[Alrakis]] for mu. Dra		\|cf. [[Alrakis]] for mu. Dra
	and the obsolete [[Erakis]]		and the obsolete [[Erakis]]
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	== References ==		== References ==

	* Adams, Danielle K. 2018. ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise: Multivalent Textures of Pre-Islamic Arabian Astronomy and the Hegemonic Discourse of Order.'' PhD Dissertation. The University of Arizona, 92–94.
	* Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab).'' Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, 148.
	* al-Marzūqī, Abū ˓Alī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. 1914. ''Kitāb al-azmina wa al-amkina.'' 2 vols. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Kāʾina, 2:374-375.		* al-Marzūqī, Abū ˓Alī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. 1914. ''Kitāb al-azmina wa al-amkina.'' 2 vols. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Kāʾina, 2:374-375.
	* ~~al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda, 41.~~		*

	== Modern Star Name Discussion ==		== Modern Star Name Discussion ==