Alkhiba alshami - Revision history

Sushoff at 18:07, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T18:07:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:07, 29 May 2026
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	Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. In this article, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus.		Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. In this article, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus.
	== Reference ==		== Reference ==

			[[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Her]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]

KhalidAlAjaji: Added summary table of star identification

2026-05-29T15:20:04Z

Added summary table of star identification

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:20, 29 May 2026
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	File:Northern Khiba al-Marzuqi.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ as described by al-Marzūqī.		File:Northern Khiba al-Marzuqi.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ as described by al-Marzūqī.
	</gallery>		</gallery>
			== Summary of stars identification ==
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			\|-
			! Author !! Identification !! Comment
			\|-
			\| Ibn Qutayba \|\| The quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam \|\| This is the closest match of the description, but the asterism stars are not prominent.
			\|-
			\| Al-Ṣūfī \|\| A region of the sky surrounded by Auriga, along with the head of the Great Bear, Polaris, and Cassiopeia, including the two stars δ and ξ Aur. \|\| A region with no bright stars, and no prominent asterism resembling a khiba.
			\|-
			\| Al-Marzūqī \|\| ζ, ε, π, η Her \|\| Definitive identification from a clear description
			\|}
	== Adopted identification ==		== Adopted identification ==

	Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. In this article, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus.		Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. In this article, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus.
	== Reference ==		== Reference ==

KhalidAlAjaji: Added images of different Khiba tents.

2026-05-29T14:56:16Z

Added images of different Khiba tents.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:56, 29 May 2026
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	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	File:Southern Tent.jpg\|Southern Tent (الخباء اليماني), alḪibāʾ alYamānī in Corvus.		File:Southern Tent.jpg\|Southern Tent (الخباء اليماني), alḪibāʾ alYamānī in Corvus.
			File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian Khiba tent. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress].
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	The other is ''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' (سعد الأَخْبِيَة), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021]<br>		The other is ''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' (سعد الأَخْبِيَة), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021]<br>
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	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	File:Saad alakhbiya.jpg\|Saʿd al-AḪbiya, in Aquarius.		File:Saad alakhbiya.jpg\|Saʿd al-AḪbiya, in Aquarius.
			File:Khiba-triangular ai generated.png\|Arabian Khiba tent supported by one pole. image inspired by [https://www.loc.gov/resource/matpc.04679/ a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress]
	</gallery>		</gallery>

KhalidAlAjaji at 03:58, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T03:58:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:58, 29 May 2026
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	It appears that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ), as described by Ibn Qutayba, denotes a quadrilateral configuration of four stars, reflecting the form of the southern tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānīyah'', الخِبَاءِ اليَمَانِيَّةِ). Two such arrangements meet this criterion: one located beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its rising, and another beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its setting. The first consists of the four stars of the Big Dipper, which may be discounted since these are well known stars, and Ibn Qutayba would likely have acknowledged this alternate designation. The other candidate is the quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam.		It appears that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ), as described by Ibn Qutayba, denotes a quadrilateral configuration of four stars, reflecting the form of the southern tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānīyah'', الخِبَاءِ اليَمَانِيَّةِ). Two such arrangements meet this criterion: one located beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its rising, and another beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its setting. The first consists of the four stars of the Big Dipper, which may be discounted since these are well known stars, and Ibn Qutayba would likely have acknowledged this alternate designation. The other candidate is the quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam.
	<gallery>		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	~~Example~~.jpg\|~~Caption1~~		File:Northern Khiba ibn Qutayba.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ as described by ibn Qutayba.
	~~Example~~.~~jpg\|Caption2~~
	</gallery>		</gallery>

KhalidAlAjaji at 03:56, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T03:56:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:56, 29 May 2026
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	It appears that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ), as described by Ibn Qutayba, denotes a quadrilateral configuration of four stars, reflecting the form of the southern tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānīyah'', الخِبَاءِ اليَمَانِيَّةِ). Two such arrangements meet this criterion: one located beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its rising, and another beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its setting. The first consists of the four stars of the Big Dipper, which may be discounted since these are well known stars, and Ibn Qutayba would likely have acknowledged this alternate designation. The other candidate is the quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam.		It appears that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ), as described by Ibn Qutayba, denotes a quadrilateral configuration of four stars, reflecting the form of the southern tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānīyah'', الخِبَاءِ اليَمَانِيَّةِ). Two such arrangements meet this criterion: one located beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its rising, and another beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its setting. The first consists of the four stars of the Big Dipper, which may be discounted since these are well known stars, and Ibn Qutayba would likely have acknowledged this alternate designation. The other candidate is the quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam.
			<gallery>
			Example.jpg\|Caption1
			Example.jpg\|Caption2
			</gallery>

	=== Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986) ===		=== Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986) ===
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	It is evident from the description that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاء) refers to a region of the sky encompassing numerous stars, including the two on the head of Auriga, δ and ξ Aur. Restricting the definition to only a specific number of stars does not align with the account given by al-Ṣūfī.		It is evident from the description that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاء) refers to a region of the sky encompassing numerous stars, including the two on the head of Auriga, δ and ξ Aur. Restricting the definition to only a specific number of stars does not align with the account given by al-Ṣūfī.
			<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
			File:Northern Khiba al-sufi.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ region as described by al-Ṣūfī.
			</gallery>

	=== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ===		=== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ===
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	Al-Marzūqī places ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' in spatial relation below ''al-Ḍibāʿ''. From the text we can easily find a quadrilateral shape with relatively bright stars as described in the region of the constellation Hercules. The location of this tent fits nicely with the nearby shepherd with his goats and two dogs in the middle of a desert pasture. Notably, his description is clearer than those of Ibn Qutayba and al-Ṣūfī and corresponds well with the arrangement of stars in the night sky. According to his narrative, ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' refers to the four stars ζ, ε, π, η Her.		Al-Marzūqī places ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' in spatial relation below ''al-Ḍibāʿ''. From the text we can easily find a quadrilateral shape with relatively bright stars as described in the region of the constellation Hercules. The location of this tent fits nicely with the nearby shepherd with his goats and two dogs in the middle of a desert pasture. Notably, his description is clearer than those of Ibn Qutayba and al-Ṣūfī and corresponds well with the arrangement of stars in the night sky. According to his narrative, ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' refers to the four stars ζ, ε, π, η Her.
			<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	~~So adopting this~~ as ~~the Northern Tent may be more logical than Ibn Qutayba’s or~~ al-~~Ṣūfī’s description~~.		File:Northern Khiba al-Marzuqi.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ as described by al-Marzūqī.
			</gallery>

	== Adopted identification ==		== Adopted identification ==

KhalidAlAjaji at 03:45, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T03:45:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:45, 29 May 2026
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	It appears that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ), as described by Ibn Qutayba, denotes a quadrilateral configuration of four stars, reflecting the form of the southern tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānīyah'', الخِبَاءِ اليَمَانِيَّةِ). Two such arrangements meet this criterion: one located beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its rising, and another beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its setting. The first consists of the four stars of the Big Dipper, which may be discounted since these are well known stars, and Ibn Qutayba would likely have acknowledged this alternate designation. The other candidate is the quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam.		It appears that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ), as described by Ibn Qutayba, denotes a quadrilateral configuration of four stars, reflecting the form of the southern tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānīyah'', الخِبَاءِ اليَمَانِيَّةِ). Two such arrangements meet this criterion: one located beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its rising, and another beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its setting. The first consists of the four stars of the Big Dipper, which may be discounted since these are well known stars, and Ibn Qutayba would likely have acknowledged this alternate designation. The other candidate is the quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam.

	=== ~~[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr~~ Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986) ===The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') reads:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021]]<br>		=== Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986) ===
			The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') reads:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021]]<br>

	[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي]		[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي]

KhalidAlAjaji: Added Sa'd AlAkhbiyah star image

2026-05-29T03:33:32Z

Added Sa'd AlAkhbiyah star image

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:33, 29 May 2026
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	: سَعْدَ الأَخْبِيَةِ، وهو المنزل الخامس والعشرون من منازل القمر، سُمِّيَ بهذا الاسم لأنه من أربعة كواكب: ثلاثة منها على مثلث، وواحد في وسط المثلث وهو الحادي عشر، فجعلوا هذا الواحد سعدًا والثلاثة له بمنزلة الخباء.		: سَعْدَ الأَخْبِيَةِ، وهو المنزل الخامس والعشرون من منازل القمر، سُمِّيَ بهذا الاسم لأنه من أربعة كواكب: ثلاثة منها على مثلث، وواحد في وسط المثلث وهو الحادي عشر، فجعلوا هذا الواحد سعدًا والثلاثة له بمنزلة الخباء.
	<gallery>		''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' ("Saad of the Tents"), the twenty-fifth of the lunar stations, was given this name because it consists of four stars: three form a triangle, and one lies at the center of that triangle — the eleventh star of Aquarius. They considered the central one ''Saʿd'', and the three surrounding it like the tent that shelters Saʿd.
			<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
			File:Saad alakhbiya.jpg\|Saʿd al-AḪbiya, in Aquarius.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' ("Saad of the Tents"), the twenty-fifth of the lunar stations, was given this name because it consists of four stars: three form a triangle, and one lies at the center of that triangle — the eleventh star of Aquarius. They considered the central one ''Saʿd'', and the three surrounding it like the tent that shelters Saʿd.

	=== Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889) ===		=== Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889) ===

KhalidAlAjaji at 03:20, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T03:20:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:20, 29 May 2026
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	To understand how the Arabs imagined ''al-Ḫibāʾ'', we can look at two well defined ''Ḫibāʾ'' asterisms at our disposal. The first is ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, "the Southern Tent"), which corresponds to an asterism of four quadrilateral stars γ, ε, β, δ in Corvus.		To understand how the Arabs imagined ''al-Ḫibāʾ'', we can look at two well defined ''Ḫibāʾ'' asterisms at our disposal. The first is ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, "the Southern Tent"), which corresponds to an asterism of four quadrilateral stars γ, ε, β, δ in Corvus.
	[[File:Southern Tent.jpg~~\|thumb~~\|Southern Tent (الخباء اليماني), alḪibāʾ alYamānī in Corvus.]]		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
			File:Southern Tent.jpg\|Southern Tent (الخباء اليماني), alḪibāʾ alYamānī in Corvus.
			</gallery>
	The other is ''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' (سعد الأَخْبِيَة), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021]<br>		The other is ''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' (سعد الأَخْبِيَة), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021]<br>

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	Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. In this article, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus.		Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. In this article, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus.
	== Reference ==		== Reference ==

	~~[[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Her]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]~~

YoulaAzkarrula at 03:16, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T03:16:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:16, 29 May 2026
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	Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. In this article, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus.		Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. In this article, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus.
	== Reference ==		== Reference ==

			[[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Her]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]

KhalidAlAjaji at 03:05, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T03:05:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:05, 29 May 2026
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	Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. In this article, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus.		Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. In this article, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus.
			== Reference ==