Apamvatsa - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 23:17, 15 May 2026

2026-05-15T23:17:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:17, 15 May 2026
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	[[Category:Single star-asterism ]]		[[Category:Single star-asterism ]]
	[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]		[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:South Asian]][[Category:Vir]]		[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:South Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:Vir]]

Sushoff at 13:44, 20 January 2026

2026-01-20T13:44:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:44, 20 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Āpaṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Āpaṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स)}}
			Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:0048 apa and apavatsapaperVII Fig2.jpeg\|thumb\|The stars identified by Shylaja and Pai (2019), their Table 2, are marked with red circles on the map of Virgo. The two arrows correspond to Apamvatsa and Apa. The original chart by IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) is from Creative Commons.]]		[[File:0048 apa and apavatsapaperVII Fig2.jpeg\|thumb\|The stars identified by Shylaja and Pai (2019), their Table 2, are marked with red circles on the map of Virgo. The two arrows correspond to Apamvatsa and Apa. The original chart by IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) is from Creative Commons.]]
	[[File:Apamvatsa profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Apamvatsa - profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU-WGSN).]]		[[File:Apamvatsa profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Apamvatsa - profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU-WGSN).]]

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History */

2025-12-07T18:53:15Z

Concordance, Etymology, History

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:53, 7 December 2025
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	=== Origin of Name ===		=== Origin of Name ===
	The ancient astronomical treatise Sūryasiddhānta is considered as an authority from the 8th to the 19th century CE, but the author(s) remain unknown. Its date is estimated to the 4th or 5th century. The S'''~~ūrya-siddhānta~~''' contains a chapter with lists of coordinates and names of stars, which allows for identifications.		The ancient astronomical treatise Sūryasiddhānta is considered as an authority from the 8th to the 19th century CE, but the author(s) remain unknown. Its date is estimated to the 4th or 5th century. The S'''ūryasiddhānta''' contains a chapter with lists of coordinates and names of stars, which allows for identifications.

	'''Sūrya-siddhānta''', Chapter 8, Verse 21 reads: <blockquote>''“अपांवत्सस्तु चित्राया उत्तरऽशेश्व पञ्चभिः ।''</blockquote><blockquote>''बहत्किञ्चिदतो भागे रापष्षडभिरथोत्तरे ॥ २१॥”''</blockquote>		'''Sūrya-siddhānta''', Chapter 8, Verse 21 reads: <blockquote>''“अपांवत्सस्तु चित्राया उत्तरऽशेश्व पञ्चभिः ।''</blockquote><blockquote>''बहत्किञ्चिदतो भागे रापष्षडभिरथोत्तरे ॥ २१॥”''</blockquote>

Sushoff: /* Origin of Name */

2025-12-07T18:50:42Z

Origin of Name

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:50, 7 December 2025
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	The ancient astronomical treatise Sūryasiddhānta is considered as an authority from the 8th to the 19th century CE, but the author(s) remain unknown. Its date is estimated to the 4th or 5th century. The S'''ūrya-siddhānta''' contains a chapter with lists of coordinates and names of stars, which allows for identifications.		The ancient astronomical treatise Sūryasiddhānta is considered as an authority from the 8th to the 19th century CE, but the author(s) remain unknown. Its date is estimated to the 4th or 5th century. The S'''ūrya-siddhānta''' contains a chapter with lists of coordinates and names of stars, which allows for identifications.

	'''Sūrya-siddhānta''', Chapter 8, Verse 21 reads: <blockquote>''“अपांवत्सस्तु चित्राया उत्तरऽशेश्व पञ्चभिः ।''</blockquote><blockquote>''बहत्किञ्चिदतो भागे रापष्षडभिरथोत्तरे ॥ २१॥”''</blockquote>This offers the possibility of an alternate etymological interpretation. While the word ''apām'' is typically interpreted as “waters”, the element apa- in Sanskrit can also mean ''“away, apart, distant, separate.”'' This interpretation can be seen in some astronomical contexts—for example, in the term ''apamaṇḍala'', referring to the ecliptic as the “circle that is ''tilted away''” from the celestial equator (''viśuvat-maṇḍala''). Thus, ''apa-'' can also be taken to imply the ''distance'' or ''separation'' in this context. Similarly, while vatsa literally means “calf,” the term also commonly carries the broader sense of “young one,” or a “smaller one”. Under this reading, ''Apāmvatsa'' may also be interpreted as “the smaller one that is distant" or "the distant smaller one.”		'''Sūrya-siddhānta''', Chapter 8, Verse 21 reads: <blockquote>''“अपांवत्सस्तु चित्राया उत्तरऽशेश्व पञ्चभिः ।''</blockquote><blockquote>''बहत्किञ्चिदतो भागे रापष्षडभिरथोत्तरे ॥ २१॥”''</blockquote>
			[[File:Chitra nakshatras in Temple draw+lbl 4ase.jpg\|thumb\|Chitra nakshatra in Tirupperunthurai (Athmanathaswamy temple) near Aranthangi, India, 10th century CE. (SMH 2025).]]
			This offers the possibility of an alternate etymological interpretation. While the word ''apām'' is typically interpreted as “waters”, the element apa- in Sanskrit can also mean ''“away, apart, distant, separate.”'' This interpretation can be seen in some astronomical contexts—for example, in the term ''apamaṇḍala'', referring to the ecliptic as the “circle that is ''tilted away''” from the celestial equator (''viśuvat-maṇḍala''). Thus, ''apa-'' can also be taken to imply the ''distance'' or ''separation'' in this context. Similarly, while vatsa literally means “calf,” the term also commonly carries the broader sense of “young one,” or a “smaller one”. Under this reading, ''Apāmvatsa'' may also be interpreted as “the smaller one that is distant" or "the distant smaller one.”

	This alternate interpretation also has observational relevance as according to Sūryasiddhānta, the star ''Apāmvatsa'' lies five degrees north of Citrā (Spica), i.e., it is literally the smaller, more distant star relative to a prominent neighbor and 74 Virginis is indeed significantly fainter and positioned roughly five degrees north of Spica, aligning naturally with the description ''“the distant smaller one.”'' This "smaller, distant" neighbour of Spica seems to be depicted in the nakṣatra engravings in the Tirupperunthurai (Athmanathaswamy temple) near Aranthangi, India, 10th century CE.		This alternate interpretation also has observational relevance as according to Sūryasiddhānta, the star ''Apāmvatsa'' lies five degrees north of Citrā (Spica), i.e., it is literally the smaller, more distant star relative to a prominent neighbor and 74 Virginis is indeed significantly fainter and positioned roughly five degrees north of Spica, aligning naturally with the description ''“the distant smaller one.”'' This "smaller, distant" neighbour of Spica seems to be depicted in the nakṣatra engravings in the Tirupperunthurai (Athmanathaswamy temple) near Aranthangi, India, 10th century CE.

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History */

2025-12-07T18:46:00Z

Concordance, Etymology, History

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:46, 7 December 2025
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	The ancient astronomical treatise Sūryasiddhānta is considered as an authority from the 8th to the 19th century CE, but the author(s) remain unknown. Its date is estimated to the 4th or 5th century. The S'''ūrya-siddhānta''' contains a chapter with lists of coordinates and names of stars, which allows for identifications.		The ancient astronomical treatise Sūryasiddhānta is considered as an authority from the 8th to the 19th century CE, but the author(s) remain unknown. Its date is estimated to the 4th or 5th century. The S'''ūrya-siddhānta''' contains a chapter with lists of coordinates and names of stars, which allows for identifications.

	'''Sūrya-siddhānta''', Chapter 8, Verse 21 reads: <blockquote>''“अपांवत्सस्तु चित्राया उत्तरऽशेश्व पञ्चभिः ।''		'''Sūrya-siddhānta''', Chapter 8, Verse 21 reads: <blockquote>''“अपांवत्सस्तु चित्राया उत्तरऽशेश्व पञ्चभिः ।''</blockquote><blockquote>''बहत्किञ्चिदतो भागे रापष्षडभिरथोत्तरे ॥ २१॥”''</blockquote>This offers the possibility of an alternate etymological interpretation. While the word ''apām'' is typically interpreted as “waters”, the element apa- in Sanskrit can also mean ''“away, apart, distant, separate.”'' This interpretation can be seen in some astronomical contexts—for example, in the term ''apamaṇḍala'', referring to the ecliptic as the “circle that is ''tilted away''” from the celestial equator (''viśuvat-maṇḍala''). Thus, ''apa-'' can also be taken to imply the ''distance'' or ''separation'' in this context. Similarly, while vatsa literally means “calf,” the term also commonly carries the broader sense of “young one,” or a “smaller one”. Under this reading, ''Apāmvatsa'' may also be interpreted as “the smaller one that is distant" or "the distant smaller one.”

	''बहत्किञ्चिदतो भागे रापष्षडभिरथोत्तरे ॥ २१॥”''</blockquote>This offers the possibility of an alternate etymological interpretation. While the word ''apām'' is typically interpreted as “waters”, the element apa- in Sanskrit can also mean ''“away, apart, distant, separate.”'' This interpretation can be seen in some astronomical contexts—for example, in the term ''apamaṇḍala'', referring to the ecliptic as the “circle that is ''tilted away''” from the celestial equator (''viśuvat-maṇḍala''). Thus, ''apa-'' can also be taken to imply the ''distance'' or ''separation'' in this context. Similarly, while vatsa literally means “calf,” the term also commonly carries the broader sense of “young one,” or a “smaller one”. Under this reading, ''Apāmvatsa'' may also be interpreted as “the smaller one that is distant" or "the distant smaller one.”

	This alternate interpretation also has observational relevance as according to Sūryasiddhānta, the star ''Apāmvatsa'' lies five degrees north of Citrā (Spica), i.e., it is literally the smaller, more distant star relative to a prominent neighbor and 74 Virginis is indeed significantly fainter and positioned roughly five degrees north of Spica, aligning naturally with the description ''“the distant smaller one.”'' This "smaller, distant" neighbour of Spica seems to be depicted in the nakṣatra engravings in the Tirupperunthurai (Athmanathaswamy temple) near Aranthangi, India, 10th century CE.		This alternate interpretation also has observational relevance as according to Sūryasiddhānta, the star ''Apāmvatsa'' lies five degrees north of Citrā (Spica), i.e., it is literally the smaller, more distant star relative to a prominent neighbor and 74 Virginis is indeed significantly fainter and positioned roughly five degrees north of Spica, aligning naturally with the description ''“the distant smaller one.”'' This "smaller, distant" neighbour of Spica seems to be depicted in the nakṣatra engravings in the Tirupperunthurai (Athmanathaswamy temple) near Aranthangi, India, 10th century CE.

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History */

2025-12-07T18:45:16Z

Concordance, Etymology, History

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 7 December 2025
Line 20:		Line 20:

	=== Origin of Name ===		=== Origin of Name ===
	The ~~text~~ Sūryasiddhānta is considered as an authority from the 8th to the 19th century CE, but the author(s) remain unknown. Its date is estimated to the 4th or 5th century. It contains a chapter with lists of coordinates and names of stars, which allows for identifications.		The ancient astronomical treatise Sūryasiddhānta is considered as an authority from the 8th to the 19th century CE, but the author(s) remain unknown. Its date is estimated to the 4th or 5th century. The S'''ūrya-siddhānta''' contains a chapter with lists of coordinates and names of stars, which allows for identifications.

			'''Sūrya-siddhānta''', Chapter 8, Verse 21 reads: <blockquote>''“अपांवत्सस्तु चित्राया उत्तरऽशेश्व पञ्चभिः ।''

			''बहत्किञ्चिदतो भागे रापष्षडभिरथोत्तरे ॥ २१॥”''</blockquote>This offers the possibility of an alternate etymological interpretation. While the word ''apām'' is typically interpreted as “waters”, the element apa- in Sanskrit can also mean ''“away, apart, distant, separate.”'' This interpretation can be seen in some astronomical contexts—for example, in the term ''apamaṇḍala'', referring to the ecliptic as the “circle that is ''tilted away''” from the celestial equator (''viśuvat-maṇḍala''). Thus, ''apa-'' can also be taken to imply the ''distance'' or ''separation'' in this context. Similarly, while vatsa literally means “calf,” the term also commonly carries the broader sense of “young one,” or a “smaller one”. Under this reading, ''Apāmvatsa'' may also be interpreted as “the smaller one that is distant" or "the distant smaller one.”

			This alternate interpretation also has observational relevance as according to Sūryasiddhānta, the star ''Apāmvatsa'' lies five degrees north of Citrā (Spica), i.e., it is literally the smaller, more distant star relative to a prominent neighbor and 74 Virginis is indeed significantly fainter and positioned roughly five degrees north of Spica, aligning naturally with the description ''“the distant smaller one.”'' This "smaller, distant" neighbour of Spica seems to be depicted in the nakṣatra engravings in the Tirupperunthurai (Athmanathaswamy temple) near Aranthangi, India, 10th century CE.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+Sources		\|+Sources

Sushoff at 19:30, 5 November 2025

2025-11-05T19:30:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:30, 5 November 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Āpaṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Āpaṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स)}}

	[[File:0048 apa and apavatsapaperVII Fig2.jpeg\|thumb\|The stars identified by Shylaja and Pai (2019), their Table 2, are marked with red circles on the map of Virgo. The two arrows correspond to Apamvatsa and Apa. The original chart by IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) is from Creative Commons.]]Apāṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स), "calf of the waters", is an Indian star name attested throughout the last millennium. The only indication of the position is Apamvatsa is 5° to the north of [[Chitra]] ([[Spica]]) in [[Virgo]]. No information on magnitudes is preserved.<ref name=":0">B. S. Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai (2019). Āpa and Apāṃvatsa – enigmatic stars catalogued in Sūryasiddhānta, J. Astrophys. Astr. (2019) 40:48, Indian Academy of Sciences		[[File:0048 apa and apavatsapaperVII Fig2.jpeg\|thumb\|The stars identified by Shylaja and Pai (2019), their Table 2, are marked with red circles on the map of Virgo. The two arrows correspond to Apamvatsa and Apa. The original chart by IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) is from Creative Commons.]]
			[[File:Apamvatsa profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Apamvatsa - profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU-WGSN).]]
			Apāṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स), "calf of the waters", is an Indian star name attested throughout the last millennium. The only indication of the position is Apamvatsa is 5° to the north of [[Chitra]] ([[Spica]]) in [[Virgo]]. No information on magnitudes is preserved.<ref name=":0">B. S. Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai (2019). Āpa and Apāṃvatsa – enigmatic stars catalogued in Sūryasiddhānta, J. Astrophys. Astr. (2019) 40:48, Indian Academy of Sciences

	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-019-9614-1</ref> Shylaja and Pai (2019) identify 74 Vir ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=74+Vir&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD], [https://vsx.aavso.org/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=44921 VSX]), a red giant of roughly one solar mass and apparent brightness of ''V''~4.69 mag. Red giants vary in brightness due to pulsation, but the VSX gives only an interval of 0.07 mag in V.		https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-019-9614-1</ref> Shylaja and Pai (2019) identify 74 Vir ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=74+Vir&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD], [https://vsx.aavso.org/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=44921 VSX]), a red giant of roughly one solar mass and apparent brightness of ''V''~4.69 mag. Red giants vary in brightness due to pulsation, but the VSX gives only an interval of 0.07 mag in V.
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	== Religion/ Tales/ Mythology ==		== Religion/ Tales/ Mythology ==
	~~mnemonic tales~~ and ~~cultural significance~~		[[File:Apamvatsa stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Apamvatsa - stickfigure (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU-WGSN). The name was adopted in October, short before the Indian Dipavali festival and the American Halloween.]]

	== Star Name Discussion (IAU) ==		== Star Name Discussion (IAU) ==

Sushoff at 07:58, 17 October 2025

2025-10-17T07:58:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:58, 17 October 2025
Line 4:		Line 4:

	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-019-9614-1</ref> Shylaja and Pai (2019) identify 74 Vir ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=74+Vir&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD], [https://vsx.aavso.org/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=44921 VSX]), a red giant of roughly one solar mass and apparent brightness of ''V''~4.69 mag. Red giants vary in brightness due to pulsation, but the VSX gives only an interval of 0.07 mag in V.		https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-019-9614-1</ref> Shylaja and Pai (2019) identify 74 Vir ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=74+Vir&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD], [https://vsx.aavso.org/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=44921 VSX]), a red giant of roughly one solar mass and apparent brightness of ''V''~4.69 mag. Red giants vary in brightness due to pulsation, but the VSX gives only an interval of 0.07 mag in V.

			Apamvatsa is also a modern star name, adopted by the IAU WGSN in October 2025 for 74 Vir.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
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	== Religion/ Tales/ Mythology ==		== Religion/ Tales/ Mythology ==
	mnemonic tales and cultural significance		mnemonic tales and cultural significance

			== Star Name Discussion (IAU) ==
			In 2025, the the historical star name "Apamvatsa" was suggested to be used for 74 Virginis in [[Virgo]].

			Decision: The name was adopted on 16 October 2025.

	== Weblinks ==		== Weblinks ==

Sushoff at 07:53, 17 October 2025

2025-10-17T07:53:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:53, 17 October 2025
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	* [[References]] (general)		* [[References]] (general)

	[[Category:Indian]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Star Name]][[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:South Asian]][[Category:Vir]]		[[Category:Indian]]
			[[Category:Asterism]]
			[[Category:Star Name]]
			[[Category:Single star-asterism ]]
			[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]
			[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:South Asian]][[Category:Vir]]

Sushoff at 10:04, 14 October 2025

2025-10-14T10:04:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:04, 14 October 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Āpaṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Āpaṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स)}}

	[[File:0048 apa and apavatsapaperVII Fig2.jpeg\|thumb\|The stars identified by Shylaja and Pai (2019), their Table 2, are marked with red circles on the map of Virgo. The two arrows correspond to Apamvatsa and Apa. The original chart by IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) is from Creative Commons.]]Apāṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स), "calf of the waters", is an Indian star name attested throughout the last millennium. The only indication of the position is Apamvatsa is 5° to the north of [[Chitra]] ([[Spica]]) in [[Virgo]]. No information on magnitudes is preserved.<ref name=":0">B. S. Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai (2019). Āpa and Apāṃvatsa – enigmatic stars catalogued in Sūryasiddhānta, J. Astrophys. Astr. (2019) 40:48, Indian Academy of Sciences</ref> Shylaja and Pai (2019) identify 74 Vir ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=74+Vir&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD], [https://vsx.aavso.org/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=44921 VSX]), a red giant of roughly one solar mass and apparent brightness of ''V''~4.69 mag. Red giants vary in brightness due to pulsation, but the VSX gives only an interval of 0.07 mag in V.		[[File:0048 apa and apavatsapaperVII Fig2.jpeg\|thumb\|The stars identified by Shylaja and Pai (2019), their Table 2, are marked with red circles on the map of Virgo. The two arrows correspond to Apamvatsa and Apa. The original chart by IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) is from Creative Commons.]]Apāṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स), "calf of the waters", is an Indian star name attested throughout the last millennium. The only indication of the position is Apamvatsa is 5° to the north of [[Chitra]] ([[Spica]]) in [[Virgo]]. No information on magnitudes is preserved.<ref name=":0">B. S. Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai (2019). Āpa and Apāṃvatsa – enigmatic stars catalogued in Sūryasiddhānta, J. Astrophys. Astr. (2019) 40:48, Indian Academy of Sciences

			https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-019-9614-1</ref> Shylaja and Pai (2019) identify 74 Vir ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=74+Vir&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD], [https://vsx.aavso.org/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=44921 VSX]), a red giant of roughly one solar mass and apparent brightness of ''V''~4.69 mag. Red giants vary in brightness due to pulsation, but the VSX gives only an interval of 0.07 mag in V.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==