Aries - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-26T14:51:25Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:51, 26 August 2026
Line 62:		Line 62:

	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
	Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 60-62)<blockquote>'''Var. 1:''' This is apparently the ram that carried Phrixos and Helle. He was immortal and was given by Nephele. He had a golden fleece, as Hesiod says. Whilst he was carrying them across the narrowest part of the sea on his back—which was named the ‘Hellespont’ after Helle—he [lost a horn and] dropped her. However, Poseidon saved her, and he had a child by her, Paeon. As for Phrixos, the ram carried him, safe and sound, towards the Black Sea and all the way to Aeetes, where he took off his golden fleece and offered it as a keepsake; and he set off, just as he was, to join the constellations.</blockquote><blockquote>Aries has one star on its head, three on its nostrils, two on its neck, a bright one at the tip of the front leg, four on its back, one on its tail, three on its belly, one on its rump, and one at the tip of the leg. Seventeen in all.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2.''' This is the one who carried Phrixos and Helle. He was immortal and had been given to them by Nephele, their mother. He had a golden fleece, as Hesiod and Pherecydes recount. Whilst carrying them on his back across the narrowest part of the sea, which took its namefrom Helle as the ‘Hellespont’ (Sea of Helle), he dropped her [losing a horn]. However, Poseidon saved her, united with her, and had a child by her named Paeon. As for Phrixus, the ram carried him, safe and sound, to the Euxine Sea and all the way to Aeetes. Then he shed his golden fleece and offered it [to Aeetes] as a souvenir; and he departed, just as he was, to join the constellations. That is why it shines with a relatively faint.</blockquote><blockquote>Aries has one star on its head, three on its nostrils, two on its neck, one shining star on the tip of the front leg, four on its back, one on its tail, three on its underbelly, one on its pelvis, and one on the tip of the hind leg. Seventeen in all.</blockquote>		Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 60-62)<blockquote>'''Var. 1:''' This is apparently the ram that carried Phrixos and Helle. He was immortal and was given by Nephele. He had a golden fleece, as Hesiod says. Whilst he was carrying them across the narrowest part of the sea on his back—which was named the ‘Hellespont’ after Helle—he [lost a horn and] dropped her. However, Poseidon saved her, and he had a child by her, Paeon. As for Phrixos, the ram carried him, safe and sound, towards the Black Sea and all the way to Aeetes, where he took off his golden fleece and offered it as a keepsake; and he set off, just as he was, to join the constellations.</blockquote><blockquote>Aries has one star on its head, three on its nostrils, two on its neck, a bright one at the tip of the front leg, four on its back, one on its tail, three on its belly, one on its rump, and one at the tip of the leg. Seventeen in all.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2.''' This is the one who carried Phrixos and Helle. He was immortal and had been given to them by Nephele, their mother. He had a golden fleece, as Hesiod and Pherecydes recount. Whilst carrying them on his back across the narrowest part of the sea, which took its namefrom Helle as the ‘Hellespont’ (Sea of Helle), he dropped her [losing a horn]. However, Poseidon saved her, united with her, and had a child by her named Paeon. As for Phrixus, the ram carried him, safe and sound, to the Euxine Sea and all the way to Aeetes. Then he shed his golden fleece and offered it [to Aeetes] as a souvenir; and he departed, just as he was, to join the constellations. That is why it shines with a relatively faint.</blockquote><blockquote>Aries has one star on its head, three on its nostrils, two on its neck, one shining star on the tip of the front leg, four on its back, one on its tail, three on its underbelly, one on its pelvis, and one on the tip of the hind leg. Seventeen in all.</blockquote>'''Eratosthenes's star catalogue''' can be reconstructed from the list of stars he mentions in the last section of each of the constelllation descriptions. Hoffmann (2017)<ref name=":02">Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> made such a catalogue and used it for computational comparison with Hipparchus's, Ptolemy's and Babylonian data; it is based on the edition and translation by Pamias and Geus (2007)<ref>Eratosthenes: Sternsagen, übersetzt von Pamìas, Jordi und Geus, Klaus, Verlag Utopica, Oberhaid 2007</ref> and presented here in English translation.

	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+

Sushoff: /* Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) */

2026-08-26T13:02:40Z

Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, 26 August 2026
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	\|}		\|}

	====== Hipparchus's "lost" star Catalogue ======		====== Hipparchus's "lost" star Catalogue ======

	The star catalogue of Hipparchus is not preserved. Yet, several scholars have reconstructed it in the past century: Vogt (1925)<ref>Vogt, H., “Versuch einer Wiederherstellung von Hipparchs Fixsternver zeichnis”, <nowiki><i>Astronomische Nachrichten</i></nowiki>, vol. 224, no. 2, Wiley, p. 17, 1925. doi:10.1002/asna.19252240202.</ref>, Grasshoff (1990)<ref>Graßhoff, G., <nowiki><i>The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalogue</i></nowiki>, Springer, New York, 1990 </ref>, Hoffmann (2017)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> and Glover (2026)<ref>Glover, E. (2026). ''The Astronomy of Hipparchus'', Cambridge University Press</ref>. Grasshoff's catalogue and computations are not published digitally, Hoffmann published three versions of the Manitius+Hoffmann<ref>Hipparchus's Lost Star Catalogue (1/2 reconstructed) (Hoffmann, 2017) in VizieR</ref> star lists in the CDS [https://vizier.unistra.fr/ VizieR] "catalog of catalogs", and Glover printed the star lists constellationwise in his book.		The star catalogue of Hipparchus is not preserved. Yet, several scholars have reconstructed it in the past century: Vogt (1925)<ref>Vogt, H., “Versuch einer Wiederherstellung von Hipparchs Fixsternver zeichnis”, <nowiki><i>Astronomische Nachrichten</i></nowiki>, vol. 224, no. 2, Wiley, p. 17, 1925. doi:10.1002/asna.19252240202.</ref>, Grasshoff (1990)<ref>Graßhoff, G., <nowiki><i>The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalogue</i></nowiki>, Springer, New York, 1990 </ref>, Hoffmann (2017)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> and Glover (2026)<ref>Glover, E. (2026). ''The Astronomy of Hipparchus'', Cambridge University Press</ref>. Grasshoff's catalogue and computations are not published digitally, Hoffmann published three versions of the Manitius+Hoffmann<ref>Hipparchus's Lost Star Catalogue (1/2 reconstructed) (Hoffmann, 2017) in VizieR</ref> star lists in the CDS [https://vizier.unistra.fr/ VizieR] "catalog of catalogs", and Glover printed the star lists constellationwise in his book.

Sushoff: /* Stars Mentioned */

2026-08-26T13:02:15Z

Stars Mentioned

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, 26 August 2026
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	\|}		\|}

	====== ~~Stars Mentioned~~ ======		====== Hipparchus's "lost" star Catalogue ======
	{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		The star catalogue of Hipparchus is not preserved. Yet, several scholars have reconstructed it in the past century: Vogt (1925)<ref>Vogt, H., “Versuch einer Wiederherstellung von Hipparchs Fixsternver zeichnis”, <nowiki><i>Astronomische Nachrichten</i></nowiki>, vol. 224, no. 2, Wiley, p. 17, 1925. doi:10.1002/asna.19252240202.</ref>, Grasshoff (1990)<ref>Graßhoff, G., <nowiki><i>The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalogue</i></nowiki>, Springer, New York, 1990 </ref>, Hoffmann (2017)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> and Glover (2026)<ref>Glover, E. (2026). ''The Astronomy of Hipparchus'', Cambridge University Press</ref>. Grasshoff's catalogue and computations are not published digitally, Hoffmann published three versions of the Manitius+Hoffmann<ref>Hipparchus's Lost Star Catalogue (1/2 reconstructed) (Hoffmann, 2017) in VizieR</ref> star lists in the CDS [https://vizier.unistra.fr/ VizieR] "catalog of catalogs", and Glover printed the star lists constellationwise in his book.
	!		{\|class="wikitable"
	!~~Greek~~		\|+ Hipparchus's star in Aquarius (Glover 2026)
	!~~German~~
	!~~English~~		!hipp.Cat.ID
	!ident.		!constStarID
	!~~src~~		!starName
	!		!ident.Bayer
	!~~lam_culm~~		!ident.HIP
			!concordance
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|65
	\|		\|1
	\|		\|
	\|		\|α Ari
	\|		\|9884
	\|~~Lib II Cap V §10~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|rising, east, first~~
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|66
	\|		\|2
	\|		\|
	\|		\|β Ari
	\|		\|8903
	\|~~Lib II Cap V §10~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|rising, east, last~~
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|67
	\|		\|3
	\|		\|
	\|		\|γ Ari (γ2)
	\|		\|8832
	\|~~Lib II Cap VI §2~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|setting CrB, south, last~~
	~~\|Psc 13.5~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|68
	\|		\|4
	\|		\|
	\|		\|δ Ari
	\|		\|14838
	\|~~Lib II Cap VI §13~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|setting Aql, south, first~~
	~~\|Ari 2~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|69
	\|		\|5
	\|		\|
	\|		\|ζ Ari
	\|		\|15110
	\|~~Lib III Cap I §9~~		\|CPAE
	\|~~rising Ori, south, last~~		\|-
	\|~~Psc~~ 13		\|70
			\|6
			\|
			\|ν Ari
			\|12332
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|71
			\|7
			\|
			\|τ Ari (τ1)*
			\|15627
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|72
			\|8
			\|
			\|τ Ari (τ2)*
			\|15737
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|73
			\|9
			\|
			\|33 Ari
			\|12489
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|74
			\|10
			\|
			\|35 Ari
			\|12719
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|75
			\|11
			\|
			\|38 Ari
			\|12832
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|76
			\|12
			\|
			\|39 Ari (b Mus)
			\|13061
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|77
			\|13
			\|
			\|ξ Ari
			\|11249
			\|non-CPAE
			\|-
			\|78
			\|14
			\|
			\|31 Ari
			\|12153
			\|non-CPAE
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T11:04:28Z

Eratosthenes

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 ===== Eratosthenes =====
 Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 60-62)<blockquote>'''Var. 1:''' This is apparently the ram that carried Phrixos and Helle. He was immortal and was given by Nephele. He had a golden fleece, as Hesiod says. Whilst he was carrying them across the narrowest part of the sea on his back—which was named the ‘Hellespont’ after Helle—he [lost a horn and] dropped her. However, Poseidon saved her, and he had a child by her, Paeon. As for Phrixos, the ram carried him, safe and sound, towards the Black Sea and all the way to Aeetes, where he took off his golden fleece and offered it as a keepsake; and he set off, just as he was, to join the constellations.</blockquote><blockquote>Aries has one star on its head, three on its nostrils, two on its neck, a bright one at the tip of the front leg, four on its back, one on its tail, three on its belly, one on its rump, and one at the tip of the leg. Seventeen in all.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2.''' This is the one who carried Phrixos and Helle. He was immortal and had been given to them by Nephele, their mother. He had a golden fleece, as Hesiod and Pherecydes recount. Whilst carrying them on his back across the narrowest part of the sea, which took its namefrom Helle as the ‘Hellespont’ (Sea of Helle), he dropped her [losing a horn]. However, Poseidon saved her, united with her, and had a child by her named Paeon. As for Phrixus, the ram carried him, safe and sound, to the Euxine Sea and all the way to Aeetes. Then he shed his golden fleece and offered it [to Aeetes] as a souvenir; and he departed, just as he was, to join the constellations. That is why it shines with a relatively faint.</blockquote><blockquote>Aries has one star on its head, three on its nostrils, two on its neck, one shining star on the tip of the front leg, four on its back, one on its tail, three on its underbelly, one on its pelvis, and one on the tip of the hind leg. Seventeen in all.</blockquote>
 ===== Hipparchus =====

Sushoff: /* Egyptian */

2026-08-04T17:52:00Z

Egyptian

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:52, 4 August 2026
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	In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>		In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
	File:Ari DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Aries; rectangular zodiac of Dendera		File:Ari DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Aries; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
			File:Ari DenderaCirc Louvre.JPG\|Aries, circular zodiac of Dendera (CC BY [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010028871 Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes])
	</gallery><gallery>		</gallery><gallery>
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff: /* Egyptian */

2026-08-04T11:32:16Z

Egyptian

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:32, 4 August 2026
Line 52:		Line 52:

	===== Egyptian =====		===== Egyptian =====
	In Ptolemaic times (1st century CE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>		In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
	File:Ari DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Aries; rectangular zodiac of Dendera		File:Ari DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Aries; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
	</gallery><gallery>		</gallery><gallery>

Sushoff at 10:56, 4 August 2026

2026-08-04T10:56:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:56, 4 August 2026
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	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====

			===== Egyptian =====
			In Ptolemaic times (1st century CE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
			File:Ari DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Aries; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
			</gallery><gallery>
			</gallery>

	===== Aratos =====		===== Aratos =====

Sushoff: /* Babylonian */

2026-07-29T07:52:33Z

Babylonian

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:52, 29 July 2026
Line 45:		Line 45:
	In the Middle Babylonian (MB) compendium MUL.APIN, no constellation of a ram existed. The constellation in the area of modern Aries was The Hired Man ([[ḪUN.GA2\|<sup>mul lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub>]] (𒀯𒇽𒂠𒂷) = ''agru'').		In the Middle Babylonian (MB) compendium MUL.APIN, no constellation of a ram existed. The constellation in the area of modern Aries was The Hired Man ([[ḪUN.GA2\|<sup>mul lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub>]] (𒀯𒇽𒂠𒂷) = ''agru'').

	The Babylonian asterism of The Ewe ([[U8\|U<sub>8</sub>]]) has nothing to do with this constellation; it is in the area of [[Ursa Major]]. [[File:Kugel Globe Tri.JPG\|thumb\|Kugel Globe: Aries and Triangulum, 1st century BCE (drawing by SMH 2024)]]		The Babylonian asterism of The Ewe ([[U8\|U<sub>8</sub>]]) has nothing to do with this constellation; it is in the area of [[Ursa Major]].

			Yet in Late Babylonian uranology texts, we observe the variants of the Hired Man, the Hired Sheep, and The Sheep. Seals from Uruk from Hellenistic times even depict a ram. This shows that the transformation from the Hired Man to the Sheep/ Ram stems from Mesopotamia - but perhaps based on the influence of cultural exchange. [[File:Kugel Globe Tri.JPG\|thumb\|Kugel Globe: Aries and Triangulum, 1st century BCE (drawing by SMH 2024)]]

	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====

Sushoff at 07:48, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T07:48:54Z

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ----
 [[File:Aries (ari).tiff|alt=star chart|thumb|Aries star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg)]]
 One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]] is Aries, The Ram.

IanRidpath: Superscripts

2026-07-22T21:45:44Z

Superscripts

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:45, 22 July 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|12		\|12
	\|τ 2 Arietis		\|τ<sup>2</sup> Arietis
	\|HIP 15737		\|HIP 15737
	\|Constellation lines (Vertex)		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
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	\|-		\|-
	\|16		\|16
	\|* pi. Ari A		\|* pi Ari A
	\|HIP 13165		\|HIP 13165
	\|Constellation lines		\|Constellation lines
Line 413:		Line 413:
	\|-		\|-
	\|17		\|17
	\|τ 1 Arietis		\|τ<sup>1</sup> Arietis
	\|HIP 15627		\|HIP 15627
	\|Constellation lines (Vertex)		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
Line 437:		Line 437:
	\|-		\|-
	\|21		\|21
	\|ρ 3 Arietis		\|ρ<sup>3</sup> Arietis
	\|HIP 13702		\|HIP 13702
	\|Constellation lines		\|Constellation lines
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	\|-		\|-
	\|32		\|32
	\|ρ 2 Arietis		\|ρ<sup>2</sup> Arietis
	\|HIP 13654		\|HIP 13654
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull