BAL.TEŠ2.A - Revision history

WayneHorowitz at 09:55, 10 April 2026

2026-04-10T09:55:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 10 April 2026
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	[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism described as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]		[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism described as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]
	(MUL.)BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (𒀯𒁄𒌨𒀀) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the area of [[Corona Borealis]].		(MUL.)BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (𒀯𒁄𒌨𒀀) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the area of [[Corona Borealis]]. This asterism is listed among <u>female</u> asterisms identified with the wife of Marduk in a prayer before dawn on the 5th day of the Babylonian New Year’s Festival and as a palace goddess in lists of other female astral deities in the theological work KAR 142 iv 7 (Pongratz-Leisten<ref name=":0" /> 224), and parallels.
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A}}
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
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	A group of stars in [[Corona Borealis]] (Northern Crown).		A group of stars in [[Corona Borealis]] (Northern Crown).

	This asterism is listed among <u>female</u> asterisms identified with the wife of Marduk in a prayer before dawn on the 5th day of the Babylonian New Year’s Festival and in a list of six astral palace goddesses in the theological work KAR 142 iv 7 (Pongratz-Leisten<ref>''Pongratz-Leisten, B''. Ina S̆ulmi Īrub : die kulttopographische und ideologische Programmatik der akītu-Prozession in Babylonien und Assyrien im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr. [Dissertation]. Von Zabern. 1994.</ref> 224).		This asterism is listed among <u>female</u> asterisms identified with the wife of Marduk in a prayer before dawn on the 5th day of the Babylonian New Year’s Festival and in a list of six astral palace goddesses in the theological work KAR 142 iv 7 (Pongratz-Leisten<ref name=":0">''Pongratz-Leisten, B''. Ina S̆ulmi Īrub : die kulttopographische und ideologische Programmatik der akītu-Prozession in Babylonien und Assyrien im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr. [Dissertation]. Von Zabern. 1994.</ref> 224).

	==== Sources and Identification(s) ====		==== Sources and Identification(s) ====

HermannHunger at 13:23, 9 April 2026

2026-04-09T13:23:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 9 April 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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	[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism ~~descriped~~ as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]		[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism described as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]
	(MUL.)BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (𒀯𒁄𒌨𒀀) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the area of [[Corona Borealis]].		(MUL.)BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (𒀯𒁄𒌨𒀀) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the area of [[Corona Borealis]].
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A}}
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	Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> note on BAL.TÉŠ.A = ''bāltu'' < ''bāštu'' “dignity”: <blockquote>The spelling can be analysed as TÉŠ.A = ''bāš/ltu'' with the preceding BAL functioning as a phonetic indicator (<sup>bal</sup>TÉŠ.A). <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TÉŠ.A (EN 15r).</blockquote>Var. readings:		Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> note on BAL.TÉŠ.A = ''bāltu'' < ''bāštu'' “dignity”: <blockquote>The spelling can be analysed as TÉŠ.A = ''bāš/ltu'' with the preceding BAL functioning as a phonetic indicator (<sup>bal</sup>TÉŠ.A). <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TÉŠ.A (EN 15r).</blockquote>Var. readings:
	* MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A; = ''kakkab bālti'' "Asterism of Dignity". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 112; Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 44; Labat<ref>''Labat R''. Manuel d’épigraphie akkadienne. Paris, 1976.</ref> 1976, 45];		* MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A; = ''kakkab bālti'' "Asterism of Dignity". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 112; Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 44; Labat<ref>''Labat R''. Manuel d’épigraphie akkadienne. Paris, 1976.</ref> 1976, 45];
	* ''kakkab ~~baltu~~(m)''		* ''kakkab balti(m)''
	* ''baštu''		* ''baštu''

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	** MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ<sub>2</sub>		** MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ<sub>2</sub>
	** "The asterism that stands behind it (= Šupa): Balteša, messenger of Tišpak" (I i 14).		** "The asterism that stands behind it (= Šupa): Balteša, messenger of Tišpak" (I i 14).
	* (2) The list of ''ziqpu''-stars: MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (I iv 4) [Hunger-Steele 2019,<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 22, 58].		* (2) The list of ''ziqpu''-stars: MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (I iv 4) [Hunger and Steele 2019,<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 22, 58].
	\|[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]		\|[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]
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	\|'''"The Great Star List and ~~Miscellenia~~".'''		\|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellanea".'''
	* List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'') "Balteša = Mars". [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:104].		* List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'') "Balteša = Mars". [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:104].
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	\|'''List of stars VR 46, 1:10, 45.'''		\|'''List of stars VR 46, 1:10, 45.'''
	* (1) mul bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = <sup>d</sup>''Na-na-a'';		* (1) mul bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = <sup>d</sup>''Na-na-a'';
	* (2) mul bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = ''kak-kab bal-tum'',		* (2) mul bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = ''kak-kab bal-tum.''

	See also [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref> 51-2:10, 45; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, '''''??? quotations from Wee 2016 are always wrong, there musts be some ~~basic~~ error ????''''' 162-3:10, 45]; parallel in the prayer lists during the New Year festivals in Babylonian: mul<sub>2</sub> bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a mul ''bal-tu''<sub>2</sub> [RAcc<ref>''Thureau-~~Dansin~~ F''. ~~Rittuels~~ accadiens. Paris, 1921.</ref>. 139:329; Linssen 2004, 221:329]. For a list of the "6 palace women," see (Kurtik a02) [[A.EDIN]].		See also [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref> 51-2:10, 45; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, '''''??? quotations from Wee 2016 are always wrong, there musts be some systematic error ????''''' 162-3:10, 45]; parallel in the prayer lists during the New Year festivals in Babylonian: mul<sub>2</sub> bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a mul ''bal-tu''<sub>2</sub> [RAcc<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Rituels accadiens. Paris, 1921.</ref>. 139:329; Linssen 2004, 221:329]. For a list of the "6 palace women," see (Kurtik a02) [[A.EDIN]].
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	\|'''The lists of ziqpu stars.'''		\|'''The lists of ''ziqpu'' stars.'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A in the list of ''ziqpu''-stars in MUL.APIN, this seems to correspond to <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' (=''kippatu'' "circle, ring") (AO 6478:3), usually identified with α Coronae Borealis (=Gemma) [Schaumberger 1952<ref>''Schaumberger J. ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 229; Hunger-Steele 2019,<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 142].		* <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A in the list of ''ziqpu''-stars in MUL.APIN; this seems to correspond to <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' (=''kippatu'' "circle, ring") (AO 6478:3), usually identified with α Coronae Borealis (=Gemma) [Schaumberger 1952<ref>''Schaumberger J. ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 229; Hunger and Steele 2019,<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 142].
	* The number of stars in the constellation, according to VAT 16436:20, is 9 (= α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 88]). Apparently, <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pat'' and <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A — two different designations of the same stellar configuration, cf. [ibid.<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 269-270].		* The number of stars in the constellation, according to VAT 16436:20, is 9 (= α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB [Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 88]). Apparently, <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pat'' and <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A — two different designations of the same stellar configuration, cf. [ibid.<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 269-270].
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	\|}		\|}
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	= Coronae Borealis (?) [BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11];		= Coronae Borealis (?) [BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11];

	= Coronae Borealis [Hunger-Steele 2019,<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 137; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 271-272].		= Coronae Borealis [Hunger and Steele 2019,<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 137; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 271-272].

	==== Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====

	===== Identifications: =====		===== Identifications: =====
	(1) = Mars, cf. "The Great Star List and ~~Miscellenia~~."		(1) = Mars, cf. "The Great Star List and Miscellanea."

	(2) = Venus, see above.		(2) = Venus, see above.

	===== Predictions: =====		===== Predictions: =====
	(3) Balteša and ~~Scorpius;~~ DIŠ MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>''Tišpak ana'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB TE... "If Balteša (=Mars?), messenger of Tišpak, ~~approaches~~ Scorpius: within the span of 3 years, there will be severe cold, cough and phlegm will afflict the country" [BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 11d + Parallels].		(3) Balteša and Scorpiusː DIŠ MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>''Tišpak ana'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB TE... "If Balteša (=Mars?), messenger of Tišpak, comes close to Scorpius: within the span of 3 years, there will be severe cold, cough and phlegm will afflict the country" [BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 11d + Parallels].

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==

Sushoff at 16:18, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:18:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 26 March 2026
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	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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	[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]		[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]

Sushoff at 14:38, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:38:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 22 January 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
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	[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]		[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]

JanSafford at 16:13, 18 January 2026

2026-01-18T16:13:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 18 January 2026
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	** MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ<sub>2</sub>		** MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ<sub>2</sub>
	** "The asterism that stands behind it (= Šupa): Balteša, messenger of Tišpak" (I i 14).		** "The asterism that stands behind it (= Šupa): Balteša, messenger of Tišpak" (I i 14).
	* (2) The list of ''ziqpu''-stars: MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (I iv 4) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 22, 58].		* (2) The list of ''ziqpu''-stars: MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (I iv 4) [Hunger-Steele 2019,<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 22, 58].
	\|[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]		\|[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]
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	\|'''The lists of ziqpu stars.'''		\|'''The lists of ziqpu stars.'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A in the list of ''ziqpu''-stars in MUL.APIN, this seems to correspond to <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' (=''kippatu'' "circle, ring") (AO 6478:3), usually identified with α Coronae Borealis (=Gemma) [Schaumberger 1952<ref>''Schaumberger J. ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 229; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 142].		* <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A in the list of ''ziqpu''-stars in MUL.APIN, this seems to correspond to <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' (=''kippatu'' "circle, ring") (AO 6478:3), usually identified with α Coronae Borealis (=Gemma) [Schaumberger 1952<ref>''Schaumberger J. ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 229; Hunger-Steele 2019,<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 142].
	* The number of stars in the constellation, according to VAT 16436:20, is 9 (= α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB [~~ASM~~<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 88]). Apparently, <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pat'' and <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A — two different designations of the same stellar configuration, cf. [ibid.<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 269-270].		* The number of stars in the constellation, according to VAT 16436:20, is 9 (= α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 88]). Apparently, <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pat'' and <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A — two different designations of the same stellar configuration, cf. [ibid.<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 269-270].
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	\|}		\|}
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	==== Identification. ====		==== Identification. ====
	= Corona Borealis, especially in [[Alphecca]] (Gemma) [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 44];		= Corona Borealis, especially in [[Alphecca]] (Gemma) [Gössmann 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 44];

	= Corona Borealis [Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394.</ref>, 78];		= Corona Borealis [Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394.</ref>, 78];
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	= Coronae Borealis (?) [BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11];		= Coronae Borealis (?) [BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11];

	= Coronae Borealis [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; ~~ASM~~<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 271-272].		= Coronae Borealis [Hunger-Steele 2019,<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 137; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 271-272].

	==== Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====
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	! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" \|Gössmann (1950)		! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" \|Gössmann (1950)
	\|-		\|-
	\|вар. чтения: MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A; = kakkab bālti «Звезда Достоинство» [AHw, 112; G. 44; Labat 1976, 45]; группа звезд в Cеверной Короне (Corona Borealis) (?).		\|вар. чтения: MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A; = kakkab bālti «Звезда Достоинство» [AHw, 112; Gössmann 1950, 44; Labat 1976, 45]; группа звезд в Cеверной Короне (Corona Borealis) (?).
	I. Источники.		I. Источники.

	ЕАЕ. См. [BPO 2, III 11d]. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Энлиля (№ 14): MUL ša<sub>2</sub> EGIR-šu<sub>2</sub> GUB-zu <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ<sub>2</sub> «Звезда, которая позади него (= Шупа) стоит: Балтеша, посланник Тишпака» (I i 14), параллель см. [Horowitz 1989–90, 116, BM 54817:3′]. (2) Cписок ziqpu-звезд: MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (I iv 4) [MA 22, 58]. «Большой список звезд». Список имен Марса: <sup>mul</sup>bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu) «Балтеша = Марс» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:104]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:10, 45. (1) mul bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = <sup>d</sup>Na-na-a; (2) mul bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = kak-kab bal-tum, см. также [HBA 51–2:10, 45; Wee 2016, 162–3:10, 45]; параллель в списке молитв в новогодний праздник в Вавилоне: mul<sub>2</sub> bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a mul bal-tu<sub>2</sub> [RАcc. 139:329; Linssen 2004, 221:329]. Список «6 дворцовых женщин», см. a02[[A.EDIN]]. Списки ziqpu-звезд. <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A в списке ziqpu-звезд в MUL.APIN соответствует, по-видимому, <sup>mul</sup>GAM-ti (=kippati «круг, кольцо») (AO 6478:3), обычно отождествляемому с α Coronae Borealis (=Гемма) [Schaumberger 1952, 229; MA, 142]. Число звезд в созвездии, согласно VAT 16436:20, равно 9 (= α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB [~~ASM~~, 88]). По-видимому, mulkip-pat и <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A — два разных обозначения одной и той же звездной конфигурации, см. [ibid., 269–270].		ЕАЕ. См. [BPO 2, III 11d]. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Энлиля (№ 14): MUL ša<sub>2</sub> EGIR-šu<sub>2</sub> GUB-zu <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ<sub>2</sub> «Звезда, которая позади него (= Шупа) стоит: Балтеша, посланник Тишпака» (I i 14), параллель см. [Horowitz 1989–90, 116, BM 54817:3′]. (2) Cписок ziqpu-звезд: MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (I iv 4) [Hunger-Steele 2019, 22, 58]. «Большой список звезд». Список имен Марса: <sup>mul</sup>bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu) «Балтеша = Марс» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:104]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:10, 45. (1) mul bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = <sup>d</sup>Na-na-a; (2) mul bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = kak-kab bal-tum, см. также [HBA 51–2:10, 45; Wee 2016, 162–3:10, 45]; параллель в списке молитв в новогодний праздник в Вавилоне: mul<sub>2</sub> bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a mul bal-tu<sub>2</sub> [RАcc. 139:329; Linssen 2004, 221:329]. Список «6 дворцовых женщин», см. a02[[A.EDIN]]. Списки ziqpu-звезд. <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A в списке ziqpu-звезд в MUL.APIN соответствует, по-видимому, <sup>mul</sup>GAM-ti (=kippati «круг, кольцо») (AO 6478:3), обычно отождествляемому с α Coronae Borealis (=Гемма) [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Hunger-Steele 2019, 142]. Число звезд в созвездии, согласно VAT 16436:20, равно 9 (= α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB [Hunger-Pingree 1999, 88]). По-видимому, mulkip-pat и <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A — два разных обозначения одной и той же звездной конфигурации, см. [ibid., 269–270].

	II. Божество.		II. Божество.
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	IV. Отождествление.		IV. Отождествление.

	= Corona Borealis, в особенности Гемма [G. 44];		= Corona Borealis, в особенности Гемма [Gössmann 1950, 44];

	= Corona Borealis [Weidner 1957–1959, 78];		= Corona Borealis [Weidner 1957–1959, 78];
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	= Coronae Borealis (?) [BPO 2, 11];		= Coronae Borealis (?) [BPO 2, 11];

	= Coronae Borealis [МА, 137; Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; ~~ASM~~, 271–272].		= Coronae Borealis [МА, 137; Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 271–272].

	V. Астрология.		V. Астрология.

Sushoff at 07:01, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T07:01:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:01, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]		[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]
	(MUL.)BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (𒀯𒁄𒌨𒀀) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the area of [[Corona Borealis]].		(MUL.)BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (𒀯𒁄𒌨𒀀) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the area of [[Corona Borealis]].

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-01-02T16:55:09Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:55, 2 January 2026
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	* ''baštu''		* ''baštu''

	A group of stars in ~~the~~ [[Corona Borealis]] (Northern Crown).		A group of stars in [[Corona Borealis]] (Northern Crown).

	This asterism is listed among <u>female</u> asterisms identified with the wife of Marduk in a prayer before dawn on the 5th day of the Babylonian New Year’s Festival and in a list of six palace ~~astral~~ goddesses ~~in KAR~~ in the theological work KAR 142 iv 7 (Pongratz-Leisten<ref>''Pongratz-Leisten, B''. Ina S̆ulmi Īrub : die kulttopographische und ideologische Programmatik der akītu-Prozession in Babylonien und Assyrien im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr. [Dissertation]. Von Zabern. 1994.</ref> 224).		This asterism is listed among <u>female</u> asterisms identified with the wife of Marduk in a prayer before dawn on the 5th day of the Babylonian New Year’s Festival and in a list of six astral palace goddesses in the theological work KAR 142 iv 7 (Pongratz-Leisten<ref>''Pongratz-Leisten, B''. Ina S̆ulmi Īrub : die kulttopographische und ideologische Programmatik der akītu-Prozession in Babylonien und Assyrien im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr. [Dissertation]. Von Zabern. 1994.</ref> 224).

	==== Sources and Identification(s) ====		==== Sources and Identification(s) ====
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	* (1) The stars of Enlil (no. 14):		* (1) The stars of Enlil (no. 14):
	** MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ<sub>2</sub>		** MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ<sub>2</sub>
	** "The asterism that stands behind it (= ~~Shupa~~): ~~Baltesha~~, messenger of ~~Tishpak~~" (I i 14).		** "The asterism that stands behind it (= Šupa): Balteša, messenger of Tišpak" (I i 14).
	* (2) The list of ziqpu-stars: MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (I iv 4) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 22, 58].		* (2) The list of ''ziqpu''-stars: MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (I iv 4) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 22, 58].
	\|[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]		\|[[File:Dignity stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation Dignity, an asterism descriped as circular or as a hook, and symbol of (divine) dignity. (map in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021).]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellenia".'''		\|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellenia".'''
	* List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'') "~~Baltesha~~ = Mars". [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:104].		* List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'') "Balteša = Mars". [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:104].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	* (2) mul bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = ''kak-kab bal-tum'',		* (2) mul bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a = ''kak-kab bal-tum'',

	See also [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref> 51-2:10, 45; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3:10, 45]; parallel in the prayer lists during the New Year festivals in Babylonian: mul<sub>2</sub> bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a mul ''bal-tu''<sub>2</sub> [RAcc<ref>''Thureau-Dansin F''. Rittuels accadiens. Paris, 1921.</ref>. 139:329; Linssen 2004, 221:329]. For a list of the "6 palace women," see (Kurtik a02) [[A.EDIN]].		See also [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref> 51-2:10, 45; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, '''''??? quotations from Wee 2016 are always wrong, there musts be some basic error ????''''' 162-3:10, 45]; parallel in the prayer lists during the New Year festivals in Babylonian: mul<sub>2</sub> bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a mul ''bal-tu''<sub>2</sub> [RAcc<ref>''Thureau-Dansin F''. Rittuels accadiens. Paris, 1921.</ref>. 139:329; Linssen 2004, 221:329]. For a list of the "6 palace women," see (Kurtik a02) [[A.EDIN]].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''The lists of ziqpu stars.'''		\|'''The lists of ziqpu stars.'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A in the list of ziqpu-stars in MUL.APIN, this seems to correspond to <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' (=~~kippati~~ "circle, ring") (AO 6478:3), usually identified with α Coronae Borealis (=Gemma) [Schaumberger 1952<ref>''Schaumberger J. ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 229; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 142].		* <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A in the list of ''ziqpu''-stars in MUL.APIN, this seems to correspond to <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' (=''kippatu'' "circle, ring") (AO 6478:3), usually identified with α Coronae Borealis (=Gemma) [Schaumberger 1952<ref>''Schaumberger J. ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 229; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 142].
	* The number of stars in the constellation, according to VAT 16436:20, is 9 (= α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB [ASM<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 88]). Apparently, <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pat'' and <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A — two different designations of the same stellar configuration, cf. [ibid.<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 269-270].		* The number of stars in the constellation, according to VAT 16436:20, is 9 (= α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB [ASM<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 88]). Apparently, <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pat'' and <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A — two different designations of the same stellar configuration, cf. [ibid.<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 269-270].
	\|		\|
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	==== Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	The name is always written without the determinative d, but on the New Year's eve in Babylon it is addressed as a goddess, see above; probably, it is one of the names of Venus [Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 139]. The connection with Venus is also indicated by the identification with ~~Nanaia~~, see above, also [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 385-386; Heimpel 1982<ref>''Heimpel W''. A Catalog of Near Eastern Venus Deities // Syro-Mesopotamian Studies. 1982. Vol. 4, Issue 3.</ref>]. The definition of <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A as "messenger of ~~Tishpak~~" in MUL.APIN is difficult to explain.		The name is always written without the determinative d, but on the New Year's eve in Babylon it is addressed as a goddess, see above; probably, it is one of the names of Venus [Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 139]. The connection with Venus is also indicated by the identification with Nanaya, see above, also [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 385-386; Heimpel 1982<ref>''Heimpel W''. A Catalog of Near Eastern Venus Deities // Syro-Mesopotamian Studies. 1982. Vol. 4, Issue 3.</ref>]. The definition of <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A as "messenger of Tišpak" in MUL.APIN is difficult to explain.

	==== Symbol. ====		==== Symbol. ====
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	===== Predictions: =====		===== Predictions: =====
	(3) ~~Baltesha~~ and Scorpius; DIŠ MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>''Tišpak ana'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB TE... "If ~~Baltesha~~ (=Mars?), messenger of ~~Tishpak~~, approaches ~~towards the~~ Scorpius: within the span of 3 years, there will be severe cold, cough and phlegm will afflict the country" [BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 11d + Parallels].		(3) Balteša and Scorpius; DIŠ MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>''Tišpak ana'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB TE... "If Balteša (=Mars?), messenger of Tišpak, approaches Scorpius: within the span of 3 years, there will be severe cold, cough and phlegm will afflict the country" [BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 11d + Parallels].

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==

Sushoff at 14:45, 12 December 2025

2025-12-12T14:45:03Z

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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	The name is always written without the determinative d, but on the New Year's eve in Babylon it is addressed as a goddess, see above; probably, it is one of the names of Venus [Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 139]. The connection with Venus is also indicated by the identification with Nanaia, see above, also [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 385-386; Heimpel 1982<ref>''Heimpel W''. A Catalog of Near Eastern Venus Deities // Syro-Mesopotamian Studies. 1982. Vol. 4, Issue 3.</ref>]. The definition of <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A as "messenger of Tishpak" in MUL.APIN is difficult to explain.		The name is always written without the determinative d, but on the New Year's eve in Babylon it is addressed as a goddess, see above; probably, it is one of the names of Venus [Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 139]. The connection with Venus is also indicated by the identification with Nanaia, see above, also [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 385-386; Heimpel 1982<ref>''Heimpel W''. A Catalog of Near Eastern Venus Deities // Syro-Mesopotamian Studies. 1982. Vol. 4, Issue 3.</ref>]. The definition of <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A as "messenger of Tishpak" in MUL.APIN is difficult to explain.

	==== ~~III.~~ Symbol. ====		==== Symbol. ====
	The comparison of <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A with ''kippatu'' "circle, ring", allows and suggests that the symbol of the constellation <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A was a ring-shaped object correspondingly located upon the modern Corona Borealis (?).		The comparison of <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A with ''kippatu'' "circle, ring", allows and suggests that the symbol of the constellation <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A was a ring-shaped object correspondingly located upon the modern Corona Borealis (?).

	==== ~~IV.~~ Identification. ====		==== Identification. ====
	= Corona Borealis, especially in [[Alphecca]] (Gemma) [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 44];		= Corona Borealis, especially in [[Alphecca]] (Gemma) [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 44];

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	= Coronae Borealis [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; ASM<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 271-272].		= Coronae Borealis [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; ASM<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 271-272].

	==== V. Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====

	===== Identifications: =====		===== Identifications: =====

Sushoff at 14:44, 12 December 2025

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	(MUL.)BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (𒀯𒁄𒌨𒀀) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the area of [[Corona Borealis]].		(MUL.)BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A (𒀯𒁄𒌨𒀀) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the area of [[Corona Borealis]].
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A}}
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
			Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> note on BAL.TÉŠ.A = ''bāltu'' < ''bāštu'' “dignity”: <blockquote>The spelling can be analysed as TÉŠ.A = ''bāš/ltu'' with the preceding BAL functioning as a phonetic indicator (<sup>bal</sup>TÉŠ.A). <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TÉŠ.A (EN 15r).</blockquote>Var. readings:
	~~===~~ Krebernik (2023) ~~===~~
	BAL.TÉŠ.A = ''bāltu'' < ''bāštu'' “dignity”. The spelling can be analysed as TÉŠ.A = ''bāš/ltu'' with the preceding BAL functioning as a phonetic indicator (<sup>bal</sup>TÉŠ.A). <sup>mul</sup>BAL.TÉŠ.A (EN 15r).

	~~===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===~~
	Var. readings:
	* MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A; = ''kakkab bālti'' "Asterism of Dignity". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 112; Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 44; Labat<ref>''Labat R''. Manuel d’épigraphie akkadienne. Paris, 1976.</ref> 1976, 45];		* MUL.BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A; = ''kakkab bālti'' "Asterism of Dignity". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 112; Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 44; Labat<ref>''Labat R''. Manuel d’épigraphie akkadienne. Paris, 1976.</ref> 1976, 45];
	* ''kakkab baltu(m)''		* ''kakkab baltu(m)''

Sushoff at 20:31, 3 December 2025

2025-12-03T20:31:26Z

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