BALUM - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 00:56, 16 May 2026

2026-05-16T00:56:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:56, 16 May 2026
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	*[[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]		*[[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Akkadian]]		[[Category:Akkadian]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Solar System]]		[[Category:Solar System]]
	[[Category:Planet]]		[[Category:Planet]]
	[[Category:Mars]]		[[Category:Mars]]

WayneHorowitz at 12:31, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T12:31:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 14 May 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Mars im Bienenschwarm 2x 1551pxl.jpg\|alt=photograph \|thumb\|Mars in the Praesepe Star Cluster in Cancer, photographs by Susanne M Hoffmann 2023]]		[[File:Mars im Bienenschwarm 2x 1551pxl.jpg\|alt=photograph \|thumb\|Mars in the Praesepe Star Cluster in Cancer, photographs by Susanne M Hoffmann 2023]]
	The Mesopotamian term ''<sup>mul</sup>Balu(m)'' (𒀯𒁀𒈝) in Akkadian is a name of [[:Category:Mars\|Mars]] in the Great Star List and the lexical tradition. The name also occurs as an asterism in the vicinity of the [[Pleiades]], replacing the name of [[Orion]] in two parallels to the Hilprecht Text (HS 245) from Assurbanipal's library. See [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 234]. This could have been understood as Mars in Orion.		The Mesopotamian term ''<sup>mul</sup>Balu(m)'' (𒀯𒁀𒈝) in Akkadian is a name of [[:Category:Mars\|Mars]] in the Great Star List and the lexical tradition. The name also occurs as an asterism in the vicinity of the [[Pleiades]], replacing the name of [[Orion]] (i.e. east of the Pleiades) in two parallels to the Hilprecht Text (HS 245) from Assurbanipal's library. See [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 234]. This could have been understood as Mars in Orion.

	== Visibility & Appearance ==		== Visibility & Appearance ==
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	\|'''Hilprecht Text HS 245'''		\|'''Hilprecht Text HS 245'''
	* Neo-Assyrian parallels Sm. 162 and Sm 1113 [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref> 233-234]		* Neo-Assyrian parallels Sm. 162 and Sm 1113 [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref> 233-234]
	* A name of an asterism ~~behind/~~after the Pleiades, occurs at the place of SIPA.ZI.AN.NA.		* A name of an asterism after the Pleiades, occurs at the place of SIPA.ZI.AN.NA,

	This replaces the earlier idea in Horowitz (1993) quoted in Kurtik's work that the term relates to Taurus.		This replaces the earlier idea in Horowitz (1993) quoted in Kurtik's work that the term relates to Taurus.

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[2] */

2026-04-09T13:30:10Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:30, 9 April 2026
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	The variant writings of the name indicate uncertainties about its origin and identification.		The variant writings of the name indicate uncertainties about its origin and identification.

	An Akkadian parallel to <sup>mul</sup>NU.ME.A, "(Asterism) of Oblivion", lit. "having no me";		An Akkadian parallel to <sup>mul</sup>NU.ME.A, "(Asterism) of Oblivion", lit. "having no me".

	Variant designations:		Variant designations:
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	\|'''Lexical texts.'''		\|'''Lexical texts.'''
	* Series Ḫg. B VI (in the list of Mars names):		* Series Ḫg. B VI (in the list of Mars names):
	** <sup>mul</sup>nu.me.a = ''ba-lum'' = min (= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal''-[''bat-a-nu]'') "Oblivion = lack (absence, lit. ʻ withoutʼ) = ditto (=Mars)" [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 40:31].		** <sup>mul</sup>nu.me.a = ''ba-lum'' = min (= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal''-[''bat-a-nu'']) "Oblivion = lack (absence, lit. ʻ withoutʼ) = ditto (=Mars)" [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 40:31].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 16:18, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:18:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balû(m)''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balû(m)''}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Mars im Bienenschwarm 2x 1551pxl.jpg\|alt=photograph \|thumb\|Mars in the Praesepe Star Cluster in Cancer, photographs by Susanne M Hoffmann 2023]]		[[File:Mars im Bienenschwarm 2x 1551pxl.jpg\|alt=photograph \|thumb\|Mars in the Praesepe Star Cluster in Cancer, photographs by Susanne M Hoffmann 2023]]

Sushoff at 14:38, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:38:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 22 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balû(m)''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balû(m)''}}
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Mars im Bienenschwarm 2x 1551pxl.jpg\|alt=photograph \|thumb\|Mars in the Praesepe Star Cluster in Cancer, photographs by Susanne M Hoffmann 2023]]		[[File:Mars im Bienenschwarm 2x 1551pxl.jpg\|alt=photograph \|thumb\|Mars in the Praesepe Star Cluster in Cancer, photographs by Susanne M Hoffmann 2023]]

JanSafford at 15:55, 18 January 2026

2026-01-18T15:55:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:55, 18 January 2026
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	\|		\|
	==== Kurtik (b05) Bālu(m) ====		==== Kurtik (b05) Bālu(m) ====
	аккадская параллель к <sup>mul</sup>NU.ME.A, «(Звезда) небытия», букв. «не имеющая ме»; 1) эпитет Марса, отражающий его нигилистический характер, как он воспринимался в месопотамской астрологии, 2) созвездие (?) [G. 304; AHw, 100; CAD B, 70; Reynolds 1998, 353].		аккадская параллель к <sup>mul</sup>NU.ME.A, «(Звезда) небытия», букв. «не имеющая ме»; 1) эпитет Марса, отражающий его нигилистический характер, как он воспринимался в месопотамской астрологии, 2) созвездие (?) [Gössmann 1950, 304; AHw, 100; CAD B, 70; Reynolds 1998, 353].

	I. Источники.		I. Источники.

Sushoff at 07:01, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T07:01:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:01, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balû(m)''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balû(m)''}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Mars im Bienenschwarm 2x 1551pxl.jpg\|alt=photograph \|thumb\|Mars in the Praesepe Star Cluster in Cancer, photographs by Susanne M Hoffmann 2023]]		[[File:Mars im Bienenschwarm 2x 1551pxl.jpg\|alt=photograph \|thumb\|Mars in the Praesepe Star Cluster in Cancer, photographs by Susanne M Hoffmann 2023]]
	The Mesopotamian term ''<sup>mul</sup>Balu(m)'' (𒀯𒁀𒈝) in Akkadian is a name of [[:Category:Mars\|Mars]] in the Great Star List and the lexical tradition. The name also occurs as an asterism in the vicinity of the [[Pleiades]], replacing the name of [[Orion]] in two parallels to the Hilprecht Text (HS 245) from Assurbanipal's library. See [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 234]. This could have been understood as Mars in Orion.		The Mesopotamian term ''<sup>mul</sup>Balu(m)'' (𒀯𒁀𒈝) in Akkadian is a name of [[:Category:Mars\|Mars]] in the Great Star List and the lexical tradition. The name also occurs as an asterism in the vicinity of the [[Pleiades]], replacing the name of [[Orion]] in two parallels to the Hilprecht Text (HS 245) from Assurbanipal's library. See [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 234]. This could have been understood as Mars in Orion.

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[2] */

2026-01-02T17:14:17Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:14, 2 January 2026
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	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	* Commentary:		* Commentary:
	** <sup>d</sup>''ši''<sub>2</sub>-''mut'' <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu ša''<sub>2</sub>-''niš'' <sup>d</sup>''ba-lu šal-m''[''u''] <sup>mul</sup>ud.ka.duḫ.a		** <sup>d</sup>''ši''<sub>2</sub>-''mut'' <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu ša''<sub>2</sub>-''niš'' <sup>d</sup>''ba-lu šal-š''[''iš''] <sup>mul</sup>ud.ka.duḫ.a
	** "~~Shimut~~, (first,) Mars, ~~second~~, Balu, ~~third~~, Demon with ~~an Open~~ Mouth." [ACh Suppl.<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 7:9; Reynolds 1998<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Unpropitious Titles of Mars in Mesopotamian Scholarly Tradition // RAI. 1998. Vol. 41. P. 347-358.</ref>, 353];		** "Šimut, (first,) Mars, secondly, Balu, thirdly, Demon with the Gaping Mouth." [ACh Suppl.<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 7:9; Reynolds 1998<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Unpropitious Titles of Mars in Mesopotamian Scholarly Tradition // RAI. 1998. Vol. 41. P. 347-358.</ref>, 353];
	** ''ba-lum'' and <sup>d</sup>''ba-lu'' are probably one name.		** ''ba-lum'' and <sup>d</sup>''ba-lu'' are probably one name.

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History */

2025-12-12T14:47:46Z

Concordance, Etymology, History

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 12 December 2025
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	{{Template:Mars}}		{{Template:Mars}}

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	~~===Kurtik with Hilder~~, ~~Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=~~==
	Variant readings:		Variant readings:

InitTeam at 07:15, 1 September 2025

2025-09-01T07:15:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:15, 1 September 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balû(m)''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balû(m)''}}
	[[File:Mars im Bienenschwarm 2x 1551pxl.jpg\|alt=photograph \|thumb\|Mars in the Praesepe Star Cluster in Cancer, photographs by Susanne M Hoffmann 2023]]		[[File:Mars im Bienenschwarm 2x 1551pxl.jpg\|alt=photograph \|thumb\|Mars in the Praesepe Star Cluster in Cancer, photographs by Susanne M Hoffmann 2023]]
	The Mesopotamian term ''<sup>mul</sup>Balu(m)'' (𒀯𒁀𒈝) in Akkadian is a name of [[:Category:Mars\|Mars]] in the Great Star List and the lexical tradition. The name also occurs as an asterism in the vicinity of the [[Pleiades]], replacing the name of [[Orion]] in two parallels to the Hilprecht Text (HS 245) from Assurbanipal's library. See [Horowitz 2014, 234]. This could have been understood as Mars in Orion.		The Mesopotamian term ''<sup>mul</sup>Balu(m)'' (𒀯𒁀𒈝) in Akkadian is a name of [[:Category:Mars\|Mars]] in the Great Star List and the lexical tradition. The name also occurs as an asterism in the vicinity of the [[Pleiades]], replacing the name of [[Orion]] in two parallels to the Hilprecht Text (HS 245) from Assurbanipal's library. See [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 234]. This could have been understood as Mars in Orion.

	== Visibility & Appearance ==		== Visibility & Appearance ==
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	* 1) an epithet of Mars reflecting its nihilistic character as it was perceived in Mesopotamian astrology,		* 1) an epithet of Mars reflecting its nihilistic character as it was perceived in Mesopotamian astrology,
	* 2) a constellation (?) [G. 304; AHw, 100; CAD B, 70; Reynolds 1998, 353].		* 2) a constellation (?) [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 304; AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 100; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> B, 70; Reynolds 1998<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Unpropitious Titles of Mars in Mesopotamian Scholarly Tradition // RAI. 1998. Vol. 41. P. 347-358.</ref>, 353].

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|'''Lexical texts.'''		\|'''Lexical texts.'''
	* Series Ḫg. B VI (in the list of Mars names):		* Series Ḫg. B VI (in the list of Mars names):
	** <sup>mul</sup>nu.me.a = ''ba-lum'' = min (= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal''-[''bat-a-nu]'') "Oblivion = lack (absence, lit. ʻ withoutʼ) = ditto (=Mars)" [MSL XI, 40:31].		** <sup>mul</sup>nu.me.a = ''ba-lum'' = min (= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal''-[''bat-a-nu]'') "Oblivion = lack (absence, lit. ʻ withoutʼ) = ditto (=Mars)" [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 40:31].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	* Commentary:		* Commentary:
	** <sup>d</sup>''ši''<sub>2</sub>-''mut'' <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu ša''<sub>2</sub>-''niš'' <sup>d</sup>''ba-lu šal-m''[''u''] <sup>mul</sup>ud.ka.duḫ.a		** <sup>d</sup>''ši''<sub>2</sub>-''mut'' <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu ša''<sub>2</sub>-''niš'' <sup>d</sup>''ba-lu šal-m''[''u''] <sup>mul</sup>ud.ka.duḫ.a
	** "Shimut, (first,) Mars, second, Balu, third, Demon with an Open Mouth." [ACh Suppl., 7:9; Reynolds 1998, 353];		** "Shimut, (first,) Mars, second, Balu, third, Demon with an Open Mouth." [ACh Suppl.<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 7:9; Reynolds 1998<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Unpropitious Titles of Mars in Mesopotamian Scholarly Tradition // RAI. 1998. Vol. 41. P. 347-358.</ref>, 353];
	** ''ba-lum'' and <sup>d</sup>''ba-lu'' are probably one name.		** ''ba-lum'' and <sup>d</sup>''ba-lu'' are probably one name.

	In another context (in an incantation) <sup>d</sup>''ba-a-lum'' / ''bal-li'' apparently denotes a constellation close to the Pleiades (possibly Orion):		In another context (in an incantation) <sup>d</sup>''ba-a-lum'' / ''bal-li'' apparently denotes a constellation close to the Pleiades (possibly Orion):

	* ''ina bi-rit'' <sup>d</sup>''Za-ap-pi u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ba-a-lum'' (var. ''bi-rit zap-pi u bal-li'' [CT 51, 202 col. iv 5])		* ''ina bi-rit'' <sup>d</sup>''Za-ap-pi u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ba-a-lum'' (var. ''bi-rit zap-pi u bal-li'' [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 51, 202 col. iv 5])
	* "Between the Pleiades and Balu" (referring to the position of Venus), quoted in [CAD B, 74], see also [Horowitz 1993, 152, note 6; Horowitz 2014, 245; Stol 1989, 262], cf. [Krebernik 1995, 366b].		* "Between the Pleiades and Balu" (referring to the position of Venus), quoted in [CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> B, 74], see also [Horowitz 1993<ref>''Horowitz W.'' The Reverse of the Near-Assyrian Planisphere CT 33,11 / Die Rolle der Astronomie in der Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Hrsg. H.D.Galter. Graz, 1993. S. 149-159.</ref>, 152, note 6; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 245; Stol 1989, 262], cf. [Krebernik 1995, 366b].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Hilprecht Text HS 245'''		\|'''Hilprecht Text HS 245'''
	* Neo-Assyrian parallels Sm. 162 and Sm 1113 [Horowitz 2014 233-234]		* Neo-Assyrian parallels Sm. 162 and Sm 1113 [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref> 233-234]
	* a name of an asterism behind/after the Pleiades, occurs at the place of SIPA.ZI.AN.NA.		* A name of an asterism behind/after the Pleiades, occurs at the place of SIPA.ZI.AN.NA.

	This replaces the earlier idea in Horowitz (1993) quoted in Kurtik's work that the term relates to Taurus.		This replaces the earlier idea in Horowitz (1993) quoted in Kurtik's work that the term relates to Taurus.