BIR - Revision history

Sushoff at 10:03, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T10:03:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 19 May 2026
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	<sup>mul</sup>BIR (𒀯𒄵), <sup>mul</sup>''Kalītu(m)'' (𒀯𒅗𒇷𒌅)'','' 'The Kidney,' is the name of an ancient Mesopotamian ~~asterism~~ in [[Puppis]]. ~~A kidney-shaped asterism also~~ occurs in the constellation [[LU.LIM]] = ''lulīmu'', 'The Stag.' Numerous Ancient Mesopotamian clay models of kidneys of sacrificial animals used for divination by diviner-priests (''bārû'') find their place in cuneiform collections around the world.<ref>British Museum: The Liver Tablet (BM 92668) https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1889-0426-238</ref> These provide what must be a view of how the ‘Kidney’-constellation appeared to Ancient Mesopotamian astronomers. Further insight into the shape of the constellation can be gleaned from the identification of the Moon’s phase from the 6th to the 10th of the lunar month as a kidney (''kalītu'').		<sup>mul</sup>BIR (𒀯𒄵), <sup>mul</sup>''Kalītu(m)'' (𒀯𒅗𒇷𒌅)'','' 'The Kidney,' is the name of at least two ancient Mesopotamian asterisms, one in [[Puppis]] and one in the area of [[Cassiopeia]]/[[Andromeda]]. The latter occurs in the constellation [[LU.LIM]] = ''lulīmu'', 'The Stag.'

			Numerous Ancient Mesopotamian clay models of kidneys of sacrificial animals used for divination by diviner-priests (''bārû'') find their place in cuneiform collections around the world.<ref>British Museum: The Liver Tablet (BM 92668) https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1889-0426-238</ref> These provide what must be a view of how the ‘Kidney’-constellation appeared to Ancient Mesopotamian astronomers. Further insight into the shape of the constellation can be gleaned from the identification of the Moon’s phase from the 6th to the 10th of the lunar month as a kidney (''kalītu'').
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Sign-lists demonstrate the reading 'ellag' for BIR (CAD K 74).		Sign-lists demonstrate the reading 'ellag' for BIR (CAD K 74).
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	* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''kalītu'' "Kidney" (CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 74-75, [https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/sux?q=kidney ePSD ellag]);		* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''kalītu'' "Kidney" (CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 74-75, [https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/sux?q=kidney ePSD ellag]);

	The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the Pleiades. Apparently, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].		The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the [[Pleiades]]. Apparently, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].
	* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),		* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),
	* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].		* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].
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	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Lexical texts.'''		\| '''Lexical texts.'''
	* Series Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>bir = ''ka-li-tu'' [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 30:26a, 49:63; Bloch and Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 104:269′]; for parallels see [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 54:11′; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 112, VAT 9430 Rs. 18 (early Neo-Assyrian parallel to Urra from Assur).		* Series Urra XXII:
			** <sup>mul</sup>bir = ''ka-li-tu'' [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 30:26a, 49:63; Bloch and Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 104:269′];
			** for parallels see [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 54:11′; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 112, VAT 9430 Rs. 18 (early Neo-Assyrian parallel to Urra from Assur).
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	Horowitz 2014: 245		Horowitz 2014: 245

	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7)

			* mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a''
			* "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

			Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16:

			* <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu,''
			* ''"''The [Kidney], // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15">''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 28, 30:16].

	~~Month-Star Lists (~~Horowitz 2014: ~~192~~, ~~Ea VI~~)~~; BM 82923: 16~~: ~~<sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], // 180 // Anu, Enlil,~~ Ea~~, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15">''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 28, 30~~:~~16].~~		Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea:

	~~Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea:~~ <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.		* <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,''
			* Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>,
			* Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.

	\| no. (1)		\| no. (1)
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	\|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellanea".'''		\|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellanea".'''
	* (1) List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>bir = <sup>d</sup>min (= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'') "Kidney = Mars"; parallel [Civil 1974<ref>''Civil M.'' Medical Commentaries from Nippur // JNES. 1974. Vol. 33, No 3. P. 329-338.</ref>, 337:21; Reiner 1995<ref name=":9">''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 60];		* (1) List of names of Mars:
			** <sup>mul</sup>bir = <sup>d</sup>min (= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'')
			** "Kidney = Mars"; parallel [Civil 1974<ref>''Civil M.'' Medical Commentaries from Nippur // JNES. 1974. Vol. 33, No 3. P. 329-338.</ref>, 337:21; Reiner 1995<ref name=":9">''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 60];
	* (2) 12 stars of Amurru: <sup>mul</sup>bir;		* (2) 12 stars of Amurru: <sup>mul</sup>bir;
	* (3) description of the phases of the moon:		* (3) description of the phases of the moon:
	** 30 ''ina'' igi.lal-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ... ta ud.6.kam en ud.10.kam 5 ud-''mi ka-li-tu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''e''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The Moon at its appearance ... from the 6th day to the 10th day, 5 days, (is like) the Kidney, Ea" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":10">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B: 106, 217, 281, 283-4].		** 30 ''ina'' igi.lal-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ... ta ud.6.kam en ud.10.kam 5 ud-''mi ka-li-tu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''e''<sub>2</sub>-''a''
			** "The Moon at its appearance ... from the 6th day to the 10th day, 5 days, (is like) the Kidney, Ea" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":10">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B: 106, 217, 281, 283-4].
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Sushoff at 09:56, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T09:56:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:56, 19 May 2026
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	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Pup]]		[[Category:Pup]][[Category:Cas]][[Category:And]]
	[[Category:~~4workWayne~~]]

YoulaAzkarrula at 00:59, 16 May 2026

2026-05-16T00:59:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:59, 16 May 2026
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	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
	[[Category:Asterism]]		[[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
			[[Category:Pup]]
	[[Category:4workWayne]]		[[Category:4workWayne]]

Sushoff at 13:38, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T13:38:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 14 May 2026
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	----		----

	<sup>mul</sup>BIR (𒀯𒄵), <sup>mul</sup>''Kalītu(m)'' (𒀯𒅗𒇷𒌅)'','' 'The Kidney,' is the name of an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Puppis]]. A kidney-shaped asterism also occurs in the constellation [[LU.LIM]] = ''lulīmu'', 'The Stag.' Numerous Ancient Mesopotamian clay models of kidneys of ~~sacrifical~~ animals used for divination by diviner-priests (''bārû'') find their place in cuneiform collections around the world.<ref>British Museum: The Liver Tablet (BM 92668) https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1889-0426-238</ref> These provide what must be a view of how the ‘Kidney’-constellation appeared to Ancient ~~Mesopotamain~~ astronomers. Further insight into the shape of the constellation can be gleaned from the identification of the Moon’s phase from the 6th to the 10th of the lunar month as a kidney (''kalītu'').		<sup>mul</sup>BIR (𒀯𒄵), <sup>mul</sup>''Kalītu(m)'' (𒀯𒅗𒇷𒌅)'','' 'The Kidney,' is the name of an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Puppis]]. A kidney-shaped asterism also occurs in the constellation [[LU.LIM]] = ''lulīmu'', 'The Stag.' Numerous Ancient Mesopotamian clay models of kidneys of sacrificial animals used for divination by diviner-priests (''bārû'') find their place in cuneiform collections around the world.<ref>British Museum: The Liver Tablet (BM 92668) https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1889-0426-238</ref> These provide what must be a view of how the ‘Kidney’-constellation appeared to Ancient Mesopotamian astronomers. Further insight into the shape of the constellation can be gleaned from the identification of the Moon’s phase from the 6th to the 10th of the lunar month as a kidney (''kalītu'').
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Sign-lists demonstrate the reading 'ellag' for BIR (CAD K 74).		Sign-lists demonstrate the reading 'ellag' for BIR (CAD K 74).
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	* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''kalītu'' "Kidney" (CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 74-75, [https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/sux?q=kidney ePSD ellag]);		* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''kalītu'' "Kidney" (CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 74-75, [https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/sux?q=kidney ePSD ellag]);

	The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the Pleiades. ~~Apparently~~, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].		The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the Pleiades. Apparently, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].
	* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),		* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),
	* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].		* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].

Sushoff at 13:23, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T13:23:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 14 May 2026
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	Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.		Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.
	**
	\| no. (1)		\| no. (1)
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WayneHorowitz at 12:54, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T12:54:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:54, 14 May 2026
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	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

	Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15" />, 28, 30:16].		Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15">''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 28, 30:16].

	Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.		Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.
	** <s>(2) List (3´12)</s>: <sup>iti</sup><s>kin <sup>mul</sup>''ka-li-tum šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "Month Ululu: The Kidney (in the path of) Ea … " (C i 6); for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 27].</s>		**
	** <s>(3) List (rising-setting=6months):</s>
	*** <s>a) [<sup>iti</sup>ki]n <sup>mul</sup>''ka-li-tum'' <sup>mul</sup>uga <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa ˹e<sub>3</sub>˺ "[Month Ulul]u: Kidney, Raven, Šupa rise" (C 23),</s>
	*** <s>b) <sup>mul</sup>''ka-li-tum'' <sup>mul</sup>ug<sub>5</sub>.ga <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa šu<sub>2</sub> "(Month Addaru): Kidney, Raven, Šupa set." [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 23, 36; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft 33.</ref>, Ch. 5-8].</s>
	* <s>BM 82923.</s>
	** <s>Month Ululu, stars of Ea: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu''</s>
	** <s>"[Kidney] // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)". [Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15">''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 28, 30:16].</s>
	* <s>BM 34713.</s>
	** <s><sup>[it]i</sup>kin // 3,[...] <sup>múl</sup>bir // 1,40 <sup>múl</sup>maš.tab.ba.gal.gal // [...<sup>múl</sup>mar].gid<sub>2</sub>.da</s>
	** <s>"Month Ululu: // 180? [...] Kidney // 100 Great Twins // [...Wa]gon." [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:6].</s>
	\| no. (1)		\| no. (1)
	\|-
	~~\|"<s>'''Catalog of 30 stars.'''"</s>~~
	* <s>Ea 7:</s>
	** <s>MUL SA<sub>5</sub> (B: MUL.MEŠ - error) ''ša i-na'' ZI IM.ULU<sub>3</sub> ''.''LU ''a-na mi-iḫ-ri-it'' <sup>mul</sup>''ni-ri''(B: ŠUDUN) GUB-''zu'' MUL ''šu-u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>[lBIR <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'']</s>
	** <s>"The red star which stands where the south wind rises, before the Yoke, this star is ['The Kidney', Ea"] (A. 8, B. 11) [Oelsner and Horowitz 1997-98<ref name=":3">''Oelsner J., Horowitz W.'' The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502 // AfO. 1997-1998. Bd. 44-45. S. 176-185.</ref>, 177].</s>
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''

WayneHorowitz at 12:49, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T12:49:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:49, 14 May 2026
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	Horowitz 2014: 245		Horowitz 2014: 245

	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 II i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

	Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], ~~"[Kidney]~~ // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15" />, 28, 30:16].		Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15" />, 28, 30:16].

	Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.		Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.

WayneHorowitz at 04:43, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T04:43:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:43, 14 May 2026
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	\| '''Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group)'''		\| '''Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group)'''
	Horowitz 2014: 245		Horowitz 2014: 245

	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 II i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 II i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

Sushoff at 07:54, 11 May 2026

2026-05-11T07:54:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:54, 11 May 2026
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	= γδκλ Velorum + ει Carinae [Koch 1989, 36-37, Anm. 164]; for a discussion on the difficult problem of the relation between <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> and <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN see [Koch 1989<ref name=":13">''Koch J.'' Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels. Wiesbaden, 1989.</ref>, 36-37, Anm.]; see [ibid.<ref name=":13" />]; see also (Kurtik n50) [[NUNki\|NUN<sup>ki</sup>]];		= γδκλ Velorum + ει Carinae [Koch 1989, 36-37, Anm. 164]; for a discussion on the difficult problem of the relation between <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> and <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN see [Koch 1989<ref name=":13">''Koch J.'' Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels. Wiesbaden, 1989.</ref>, 36-37, Anm.]; see [ibid.<ref name=":13" />]; see also (Kurtik n50) [[NUNki\|NUN<sup>ki</sup>]];

	= part of the constellation ~~Korma~~ [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 245]. ~~'''''<big>??cannot find this constellation???</big>'''''~~		= part of the constellation Puppis [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 245].

	(3) Moon between the 6th and 10th day of the month, cf. "The Great Star List and Miscellanea.”		(3) Moon between the 6th and 10th day of the month, cf. "The Great Star List and Miscellanea.”

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[2] */

2026-05-10T19:11:13Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:11, 10 May 2026
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	The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the Pleiades. Apparently, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].		The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the Pleiades. Apparently, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].
	* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),		* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),
	* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].		* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].

	=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===		=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
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	\| '''Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group)'''		\| '''Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group)'''
	Horowitz 2014: 245		Horowitz 2014: 245
	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV ~~214~~ II i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 II i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

	Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], "[Kidney] // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15" />, 28, 30:16].		Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], "[Kidney] // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15" />, 28, 30:16].

	Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup~~><sub~~>UGA~~</sub>~~<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.		Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.
	** <s>(2) List (3´12)</s>: <sup>iti</sup><s>kin <sup>mul</sup>''ka-li-tum šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "Month Ululu: The Kidney (in the path of) Ea … " (C i 6); for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 27].</s>		** <s>(2) List (3´12)</s>: <sup>iti</sup><s>kin <sup>mul</sup>''ka-li-tum šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "Month Ululu: The Kidney (in the path of) Ea … " (C i 6); for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 27].</s>
	** <s>(3) List (rising-setting=6months):</s>		** <s>(3) List (rising-setting=6months):</s>
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Reports."'''		\|'''"Reports."'''
	See. [SAA 8<ref name=":8">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 325 r. 3, 5].		See [SAA 8<ref name=":8">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 325 r. 3, 5].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	(1) = Mars; see "The Great Star List and Miscellanea" above.		(1) = Mars; see "The Great Star List and Miscellanea" above.

	(2) = ~~Mercury;~~ <sup>mul</sup>BIR = <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.~~GUD~~.UD [SAA 8<ref name=":8" />, 325 r. 5], see also (8)-(12).		(2) = Mercuryː <sup>mul</sup>BIR = <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD [SAA 8<ref name=":8" />, 325 r. 5], see also (8)-(12).

	(3) = Mercury in ~~Aquarius;~~ see (8)-(11) below.		(3) = Mercury in Aquariusː see (8)-(11) below.

	(4) = the asterism of Eriduː <sup>mul</sup>BIR = <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 27a].		(4) = the asterism of Eriduː <sup>mul</sup>BIR = <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 27a].
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	===== Predictions: =====		===== Predictions: =====
	(8) Visibility of the Kidney (=Mercury); DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR MUL BI<<-''ma''>> ''a-dir'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' / DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ma-diš'' SIG<sub>7</sub> / DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ma-diš'' GI<sub>6</sub> / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-na-at-ma'' "If the Kidney, its stars are dark, Ea [...] / If the Kidney is very greenish-yellow, / If the Kidney is very dark, (it means): Mercury is dim in the Giant." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 21:31-34].		(8) Visibility of the Kidney (=Mercury)ː DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR MUL BI<<-''ma''>> ''a-dir'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' / DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ma-diš'' SIG<sub>7</sub> / DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ma-diš'' GI<sub>6</sub> / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-na-at-ma'' "If the Kidney, its stars are dark, Ea [...] / If the Kidney is very greenish-yellow, / If the Kidney is very dark, (it means): Mercury is dim in the Giant." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 21:31-34].

	(9) Kidney (= Mercury) and planet (= Saturn); <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM TE ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.[SA<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "The Kidney comes close to a planet: sesame will be normal. (This means:) Mercury in the Giant, is coming close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:36-37].		(9) Kidney (= Mercury) and planet (= Saturn)ː <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM TE ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.[SA<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "The Kidney comes close to a planet: sesame will be normal. (This means:) Mercury in the Giant, is coming close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:36-37].

	(10) Kidney (= Mercury) and planet (= Saturn); DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM TE ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.[SA<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "If the Kidney comes close to a planet: sesame will be normal. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:36-37].		(10) Kidney (= Mercury) and planet (= Saturn)ː DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM TE ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.[SA<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "If the Kidney comes close to a planet: sesame will be normal. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:36-37].

	(11) Kidney (= Mercury) and Raven (= Saturn); ''šumma'' <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-z''[''iz''...] "If the Kidney stands(?) ... towards the Raven." [SpTU III<ref name=":6" />, 101:33]; DIŠ <sup>ul</sup>''ellag''(BIR) ''ana'' <sup>ul</sup>ug<sub>5</sub>.ga ''i-mid'' še.giš.i<sub>3</sub> sig<sub>5</sub> AN.MI [...] "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good, eclipse [...]" [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 41:25′]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-mid'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SIG<sub>5</sub> / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:39-40].		(11) Kidney (= Mercury) and Raven (= Saturn)ː ''šumma'' <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-z''[''iz''...] "If the Kidney stands(?) ... towards the Raven." [SpTU III<ref name=":6" />, 101:33]; DIŠ <sup>ul</sup>''ellag''(BIR) ''ana'' <sup>ul</sup>ug<sub>5</sub>.ga ''i-mid'' še.giš.i<sub>3</sub> sig<sub>5</sub> AN.MI [...] "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good, eclipse [...]" [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 41:25′]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-mid'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SIG<sub>5</sub> / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:39-40].

	(12) Planet and Kidney (=Mercury?): DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM <sup>mul</sup>BIR TE-''šu'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.SA<sub>2</sub> "If a planet - the Kidney comes close to it: sesame will prosper" [Largement 1957<ref name=":5" />, 246:51a].		(12) Planet and Kidney (=Mercury?): DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM <sup>mul</sup>BIR TE-''šu'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.SA<sub>2</sub> "If a planet - the Kidney comes close to it: sesame will prosper" [Largement 1957<ref name=":5" />, 246:51a].
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	(15) The Moon and the Kidneyː [DIŠ] 30 ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>BAR<sub>2</sub> TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB ... "If in month Nisan the Moon is surrounded by a halo and the Kidney (= Mercury or Mars) stands in it..." [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":14" /> 2, 16:33; CAD<ref name=":0" /> K 76]; see also (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]].		(15) The Moon and the Kidneyː [DIŠ] 30 ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>BAR<sub>2</sub> TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB ... "If in month Nisan the Moon is surrounded by a halo and the Kidney (= Mercury or Mars) stands in it..." [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":14" /> 2, 16:33; CAD<ref name=":0" /> K 76]; see also (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]].

	(16) Pleiades and the ~~Kidney;~~ DIŠ MUL.MUL <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub> ''ikšud''(KUR-''ud'') ''ina šatti''(MU) ''šiāti''(BI) ''um-mu'' [...] "If the Star Cluster reaches the Kidney: in this year will be heat [...]" [SpTU III<ref name=":6" />, 101:15], for a parallel see [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 40: r. 3′]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' MUL.MUL TE <sup>d</sup>IM [RA] "If the Kidney comes close to the Star Cluster: Adad [will devastate]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:38].		(16) Pleiades and the Kidneyː DIŠ MUL.MUL <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub> ''ikšud''(KUR-''ud'') ''ina šatti''(MU) ''šiāti''(BI) ''um-mu'' [...] "If the Star Cluster reaches the Kidney: in this year will be heat [...]" [SpTU III<ref name=":6" />, 101:15], for a parallel see [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 40: r. 3′]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' MUL.MUL TE <sup>d</sup>IM [RA] "If the Kidney comes close to the Star Cluster: Adad [will devastate]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:38].

	== Historical Dictionaries ==		== Historical Dictionaries ==