BURANUN - Revision history

Sushoff at 07:22, 14 August 2026

2026-08-14T07:22:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:22, 14 August 2026
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	\|'''"The Great Star List".'''		\|'''"The Great Star List".'''
	* (1) <sup>mul íd</sup>buranun = <sup>mul</sup>šim.maḫ "Euphrates = Swallow";		* (1)
	* (2) EGIR<sup>meš</sup>-''tum'' = <sup>íd</sup>buranun<sup>ki</sup> "Rear (Crab stars) = Euphrates";		** <sup>mul íd</sup>buranun = <sup>mul</sup>šim.maḫ
			** "Euphrates = Swallow";
			* (2)
			** EGIR<sup>meš</sup>-''tum'' = <sup>íd</sup>buranun<sup>ki</sup>
			** "Rear (Crab stars) = Euphrates";
	* (3) astrological predictions (see Kurtik a18 [[AL.LUL]]) [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:147, 149, 152; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 107].		* (3) astrological predictions (see Kurtik a18 [[AL.LUL]]) [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:147, 149, 152; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 107].
	\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Psc-And-Aqr grp+Tigris+Euphr GIF 2.gif\|thumb\|Animation: The two Mesopotamian constellations of Tigris and Euphrates at the position(s) of the (alternative) Mesopotamian constellations of Anunitu and The Swallow. Visualisation by SMH with drawings by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster) on a Stellarium map.]]		\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Psc-And-Aqr grp+Tigris+Euphr GIF 2.gif\|thumb\|Animation: The two Mesopotamian constellations of Tigris and Euphrates at the position(s) of the (alternative) Mesopotamian constellations of Anunitu and The Swallow. Visualisation by SMH with drawings by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster) on a Stellarium map.]]

Sushoff at 07:39, 15 July 2026

2026-07-15T07:39:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:39, 15 July 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Lexical texts.'''Series Ḫg. B VI:		\|'''Lexical texts.'''Series Ḫg. B VI:
	* <sup>mul íd</sup>buranun = ''si-nun-tum'' = [...] "Euphrates = Swallow." [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 40:23].		* <sup>mul íd</sup>buranun = ''si-nun-tum'' = [...]
			* "Euphrates = Swallow." [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 40:23].
	\|[[File:Psc+ari+aqr+and +rivers.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Psc-And-area with two rivers overlay to Anunitu + Swallow (SMH 2025)]]		\|[[File:Psc+ari+aqr+and +rivers.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Psc-And-area with two rivers overlay to Anunitu + Swallow (SMH 2025)]]
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 07:39, 15 July 2026

2026-07-15T07:39:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:39, 15 July 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]		[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]
	<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' is a set of stars in the western portion of [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) ~~that is identified with the Euphrates River~~. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with ~~the~~ two Babylonian asterisms ~~that comprise modern Pisces, [[Anunitu\|Anunitum]] for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris,~~ derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of a swallow-tail in the sky (see figure, [[SIM.MAḪ]]). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia, which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the asterism of the two tails in the heavens. ~~For ‘~~[[~~Anunitu~~\|~~Anunitum~~]],~~’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish~~ and ~~aquatic themes see~~ [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43]~~. A similar connection concerning shapes in the sky and shapes on earth is known~~ for ~~the Esagil temple in Babylon and <sup>mul</sup>~~[[~~IKU~~\|~~iku,~~]] ~~'The Field' in [[Pegasus]] '''(see Hoffmann~~ and ~~Horowitz 2023: 142-143)~~.~~'''~~		<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu,'' Euphrates River, is a set of stars in the western portion of [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg). The association of the Tigris ([[IDIGNA]]) and Euphrates rivers with two Babylonian asterisms in a V-shaped star pattern derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of a swallow-tail in the sky (see figure, [[SIM.MAḪ]]). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia, which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the asterism of the two tails in the heavens. A similar connection concerning shapes in the sky and shapes on earth is known for the Esagil temple in Babylon and <sup>mul</sup>[[IKU\|iku,]] 'The Field' in [[Pegasus]] (see Hoffmann and Horowitz 2022:<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. and Horowitz, W. (2022). How to identify “The Plough” MUL.APIN, epinnu? in: Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 148-170</ref> 142-143).

			→see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43] for ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Uranologies'''		\|'''Uranologies'''
	* MLC 1866ː [MU]L.MEŠ <sup>íd</sup>IDIGNA ''u'' <sup>íd</sup>BURANUN<sup>ki</sup> ''ina ṣip-ri'' <sup>mul</sup>ZIB<sup><me></sup>, "The stars of the Tigris and the Euphrates at the tip of the Tails" (D i 8) [Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, 2018, 35, 39, Section A].		* MLC 1866ː
			** [MU]L.MEŠ <sup>íd</sup>IDIGNA ''u'' <sup>íd</sup>BURANUN<sup>ki</sup> ''ina ṣip-ri'' <sup>mul</sup>ZIB<sup><me></sup>,
			** "The stars of the Tigris and the Euphrates at the tip of the Tails" (D i 8) [Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, 2018, 35, 39, Section A].
	\|}		\|}
	The identification of the Tigris and Euphrates appears quite late, not earlier than the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE, as it is absent in Urra XXII. See also (Kurtik a18) [[AL.LUL]], (Kurtik s19) [[SIM.MAḪ]].		The identification of the Tigris and Euphrates appears quite late, not earlier than the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE, as it is absent in Urra XXII. See also (Kurtik a18) [[AL.LUL]], (Kurtik s19) [[SIM.MAḪ]].

HermannHunger at 17:46, 4 June 2026

2026-06-04T17:46:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:46, 4 June 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]		[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]
	<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' ~~is a~~ is a set of stars in the western portion of ~~the~~ [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) that is identified with the Euphrates River. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms that comprise modern Pisces, [[Anunitu\|Anunitum]] for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of a swallow-tail in the sky (see figure, [[SIM.MAḪ]]). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia, which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the asterism of the two tails in the heavens. For ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43]. A similar connection concerning shapes in the sky and shapes on earth is known for the Esagil temple in Babylon and <sup>mul</sup>[[IKU\|iku,]] 'The Field' in [[Pegasus]] '''(see Hoffmann and Horowitz 2023: 142-143).'''		<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' is a set of stars in the western portion of [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) that is identified with the Euphrates River. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms that comprise modern Pisces, [[Anunitu\|Anunitum]] for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of a swallow-tail in the sky (see figure, [[SIM.MAḪ]]). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia, which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the asterism of the two tails in the heavens. For ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43]. A similar connection concerning shapes in the sky and shapes on earth is known for the Esagil temple in Babylon and <sup>mul</sup>[[IKU\|iku,]] 'The Field' in [[Pegasus]] '''(see Hoffmann and Horowitz 2023: 142-143).'''

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
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	\|'''"The Great Star List".'''		\|'''"The Great Star List".'''
	* (1) <sup>mul íd</sup>buranun = <sup>mul</sup>šim.maḫ "Euphrates = Swallow";		* (1) <sup>mul íd</sup>buranun = <sup>mul</sup>šim.maḫ "Euphrates = Swallow";
	* (2) ~~egir.~~meš-''tum'' = <sup>íd</sup>buranun<sup>ki</sup> "Rear (Crab stars) = Euphrates";		* (2) EGIR<sup>meš</sup>-''tum'' = <sup>íd</sup>buranun<sup>ki</sup> "Rear (Crab stars) = Euphrates";
	* (3) astrological predictions (see Kurtik a18 [[AL.LUL]]) [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:147, 149, 152; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 107].		* (3) astrological predictions (see Kurtik a18 [[AL.LUL]]) [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:147, 149, 152; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 107].
	\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Psc-And-Aqr grp+Tigris+Euphr GIF 2.gif\|thumb\|Animation: The two Mesopotamian constellations of Tigris and Euphrates at the position(s) of the (alternative) Mesopotamian constellations of Anunitu and The Swallow. Visualisation by SMH with drawings by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster) on a Stellarium map.]]		\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Psc-And-Aqr grp+Tigris+Euphr GIF 2.gif\|thumb\|Animation: The two Mesopotamian constellations of Tigris and Euphrates at the position(s) of the (alternative) Mesopotamian constellations of Anunitu and The Swallow. Visualisation by SMH with drawings by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster) on a Stellarium map.]]

YoulaAzkarrula at 01:00, 16 May 2026

2026-05-16T01:00:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:00, 16 May 2026
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	==References==		==References==
	*[[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]		*[[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]][[Category:Sumerian]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]][[Category:Sumerian]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]][[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]]
	[[Category:Psc]]		[[Category:Psc]] [[Category:Peg]]

WayneHorowitz: Hoffmann and Horowitz 2023 is our NABU article on the Ekur.

2026-05-14T13:39:48Z

Hoffmann and Horowitz 2023 is our NABU article on the Ekur.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 14 May 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]		[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]
	<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' is a is a set of stars in the western portion of the [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) that is identified with the Euphrates River. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms that comprise modern Pisces, [[Anunitu\|Anunitum]] for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of a swallow-tail in the sky (see figure, [[SIM.MAḪ]]). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia, which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the asterism of the two tails in the heavens. For ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43]. A similar connection concerning shapes in the sky and shapes on earth is known for the Esagil temple in Babylon and <sup>mul</sup>[[IKU\|iku,]] 'The Field' in [[Pegasus]] '''(~~WAYNE PUT in Reference~~''').		<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' is a is a set of stars in the western portion of the [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) that is identified with the Euphrates River. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms that comprise modern Pisces, [[Anunitu\|Anunitum]] for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of a swallow-tail in the sky (see figure, [[SIM.MAḪ]]). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia, which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the asterism of the two tails in the heavens. For ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43]. A similar connection concerning shapes in the sky and shapes on earth is known for the Esagil temple in Babylon and <sup>mul</sup>[[IKU\|iku,]] 'The Field' in [[Pegasus]] '''(see Hoffmann and Horowitz 2023: 142-143).'''

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 13:05, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T13:05:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:05, 14 May 2026
Line 2:		Line 2:
	----		----
	[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]		[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]
	<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' is a is a set of stars in the western portion of the [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) that is identified with the Euphrates River. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms that comprise modern Pisces, [[Anunitu\|Anunitum]] for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of a swallow-tail in the sky (see figure, [[SIM.MAḪ]]). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia, which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the asterism of the two tails in the heavens. For ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43]. A similar connection is known for the ~~city of~~ Babylon ~~itself~~ and <sup>mul</sup>[[IKU\|iku,]] 'The Field' in [[Pegasus]].		<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' is a is a set of stars in the western portion of the [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) that is identified with the Euphrates River. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms that comprise modern Pisces, [[Anunitu\|Anunitum]] for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of a swallow-tail in the sky (see figure, [[SIM.MAḪ]]). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia, which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the asterism of the two tails in the heavens. For ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43]. A similar connection concerning shapes in the sky and shapes on earth is known for the Esagil temple in Babylon and <sup>mul</sup>[[IKU\|iku,]] 'The Field' in [[Pegasus]] '''(WAYNE PUT in Reference''').

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Uranologies'''		\|'''Uranologies'''
	* MLC 1866ː [MU]L.MEŠ <sup>íd</sup>IDIGNA ''u'' <sup>íd</sup>BURANUN<sup>ki</sup> ''ina ṣip-ri'' <sup>mul</sup>ZIB<sup><me></sup>		* MLC 1866ː [MU]L.MEŠ <sup>íd</sup>IDIGNA ''u'' <sup>íd</sup>BURANUN<sup>ki</sup> ''ina ṣip-ri'' <sup>mul</sup>ZIB<sup><me></sup>, "The stars of the Tigris and the Euphrates at the tip of the Tails" (D i 8) [Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, 2018, 35, 39, Section A].
	* "The stars of the Tigris and the Euphrates at the tip of the Tails" (D i 8) [Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, 2018, 35, 39, Section A].
	\|}		\|}
	The identification of the Tigris and Euphrates appears quite late, not earlier than the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE, as it is absent in Urra XXII. See also (Kurtik a18) [[AL.LUL]], (Kurtik s19) [[SIM.MAḪ]].		The identification of the Tigris and Euphrates appears quite late, not earlier than the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE, as it is absent in Urra XXII. See also (Kurtik a18) [[AL.LUL]], (Kurtik s19) [[SIM.MAḪ]].

Sushoff at 14:48, 13 May 2026

2026-05-13T14:48:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 13 May 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]		[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]
	<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' is a is a set of stars in the western portion of the [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) that is identified with the Euphrates River. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms ~~that~~ comprise ~~classical~~ Pisces, [[Anunitum]] for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of ~~classical Pisces~~ in the sky (see figure). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the two tails ~~of bird and fish-shaped asterisms~~ in the heavens. For ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43]. A similar connection is known for the city of Babylon itself and <sup>mul</sup>[[iku,]] 'The Field' in [[Pegasus]].		<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' is a is a set of stars in the western portion of the [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) that is identified with the Euphrates River. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms that comprise modern Pisces, [[Anunitu\|Anunitum]] for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of a swallow-tail in the sky (see figure, [[SIM.MAḪ]]). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia, which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the asterism of the two tails in the heavens. For ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43]. A similar connection is known for the city of Babylon itself and <sup>mul</sup>[[IKU\|iku,]] 'The Field' in [[Pegasus]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Var. reading: <sup>mul íd</sup>UD.KIB.NUN.KI; = Purattu "Euphrates" [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 53]		'''Var. reading:'''

			* <sup>mul íd</sup>UD.KIB.NUN.KI;
			* = Purattu "Euphrates" [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 53]
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
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	* "The stars of the Tigris and the Euphrates at the tip of the Tails" (D i 8) [Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, 2018, 35, 39, Section A].		* "The stars of the Tigris and the Euphrates at the tip of the Tails" (D i 8) [Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, 2018, 35, 39, Section A].
	\|}		\|}
	The identification of the Tigris and Euphrates appears quite late, not earlier than the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, as it is absent in Urra XXII. See also (Kurtik a18) [[AL.LUL]], (Kurtik s19) [[SIM.MAḪ]].		The identification of the Tigris and Euphrates appears quite late, not earlier than the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE, as it is absent in Urra XXII. See also (Kurtik a18) [[AL.LUL]], (Kurtik s19) [[SIM.MAḪ]].

	===Historical Dictionaries===		===Historical Dictionaries===

WayneHorowitz at 07:37, 10 May 2026

2026-05-10T07:37:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:37, 10 May 2026
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	* "The stars of the Tigris and the Euphrates at the tip of the Tails" (D i 8) [Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, 2018, 35, 39, Section A].		* "The stars of the Tigris and the Euphrates at the tip of the Tails" (D i 8) [Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, 2018, 35, 39, Section A].
	\|}		\|}
	The ~~name~~ appears quite late, not earlier than the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, as it is absent in Urra XXII. See also (Kurtik a18) [[AL.LUL]], (Kurtik s19) [[SIM.MAḪ]].		The identification of the Tigris and Euphrates appears quite late, not earlier than the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, as it is absent in Urra XXII. See also (Kurtik a18) [[AL.LUL]], (Kurtik s19) [[SIM.MAḪ]].

	===Historical Dictionaries===		===Historical Dictionaries===

WayneHorowitz at 07:34, 10 May 2026

2026-05-10T07:34:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:34, 10 May 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]		[[File:RiversPlt labelled.jpg\|thumb\|The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).]]
	<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' is a is a set of stars in the western portion of the [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) that is identified with the Euphrates River. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms that comprise classical Pisces, Anunitum for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of classical Pisces in the sky (see figure). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the two tails of bird and fish-shaped asterisms in the heavens. For ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43].		<sup>mul íd</sup>BURANUN (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣) = ''purattu'' is a is a set of stars in the western portion of the [[Pisces]] and [[Pegasus]] (Psc + Peg) that is identified with the Euphrates River. The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms that comprise classical Pisces, [[Anunitum]] for the Euphrates and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of classical Pisces in the sky (see figure). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the two tails of bird and fish-shaped asterisms in the heavens. For ‘[[Anunitu\|Anunitum]],’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, pp. 42-43]. A similar connection is known for the city of Babylon itself and <sup>mul</sup>[[iku,]] 'The Field' in [[Pegasus]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==