Bake-eo - Revision history

IanRidpath: /* Are there alternative cultural names for Gamma Oph? */ Fake name from Wikipedia

2026-02-18T18:08:40Z

Are there alternative cultural names for Gamma Oph?: Fake name from Wikipedia

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 18 February 2026
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	Gamma Oph is part of the '''[[Zongzheng]]''' asterism from the Shi shi xingjing Star Catalogue.<ref>Sun & Kistemaker 1997; "The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society", Brill</ref>		Gamma Oph is part of the '''[[Zongzheng]]''' asterism from the Shi shi xingjing Star Catalogue.<ref>Sun & Kistemaker 1997; "The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society", Brill</ref>

	'''Aldurajah''' (Moore & Rees 2011). This is one of dozens of star names that appear in Moore & Rees that ~~appear to~~ have dubious origins. The name obviously sounds Arabic, but it does not appear as a celestial name in any other source that covers either indigenous Arabian or scientific Arabic names ~~that I've seen~~. Mentions online appear to be mainly over the past decade after the publication of Moore & Rees 2011.<ref>Moore & Rees 2011</ref>		'''Aldurajah''' (Moore & Rees 2011). This is one of dozens of star names that appear in Moore & Rees that have dubious origins. The name obviously sounds Arabic, but it does not appear as a celestial name in any other source that covers either indigenous Arabian or scientific Arabic names . It is in fact a fake star name introduced into Wikipedia by vandals, and later removed by watchful editors. Mentions online appear to be mainly over the past decade after the publication of Moore & Rees 2011.<ref>Moore & Rees 2011</ref>

	'''Muliphen''' (Allen 1899)<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names - their lore and Meaning. Dover Books on Astronomy</ref> "''but I cannot trace it here, although this title is famous in other parts of the sky''". Regardless of the etymology, the name is non-unique and the WGSN already adopted "Muliphein" for Gam CMa.		'''Muliphen''' (Allen 1899)<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names - their lore and Meaning. Dover Books on Astronomy</ref> "''but I cannot trace it here, although this title is famous in other parts of the sky''". Regardless of the etymology, the name is non-unique and the WGSN already adopted "Muliphein" for Gam CMa.

IanRidpath: Typos

2026-02-18T18:03:11Z

Typos

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:03, 18 February 2026
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	'''English'''		'''English'''

	No full guarantee can be given for the correctness of some constellations since divergences occur among the navigators themselves. Surprisingly, some stars of the first magnitude, such as Sirius and Rigel, have no name, whereas some of the constellations given a name by the native navigators are composed of stars of the fourth to fifth magnitude.</blockquote>Erdland (1914: 92) also refers to the famous [[wikipedia:Marshall_Islands_stick_chart\|Marshallese stick charts]] for ~~see~~ navigation.		No full guarantee can be given for the correctness of some constellations since divergences occur among the navigators themselves. Surprisingly, some stars of the first magnitude, such as Sirius and Rigel, have no name, whereas some of the constellations given a name by the native navigators are composed of stars of the fourth to fifth magnitude.</blockquote>Erdland (1914: 92) also refers to the famous [[wikipedia:Marshall_Islands_stick_chart\|Marshallese stick charts]] for sea navigation.

	==Mythology==		==Mythology==
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	==IAU Name Discussion==		==IAU Name Discussion==

	The star name ~~has been~~ proposed to the IAU WGSN ~~since~~ 2021; in 2024 the group ~~discussed~~ to register the name Bake-eo for [https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=gam+Oph&submit=SIMBAD+search γ Oph (SIMBAD-link)] with Vmag = 3.75 in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names. Gam Oph currently lacks a name in SIMBAD. Astrophysically, Gam Oph is a bright, nearby (distance ~ 30 parsecs) star that was one of the original A0V spectral type and photometric standard stars that helped define the zero points of the Johnson UBV photometric system (Johnson & Morgan 1953).<ref>Johnson, H. L. and Morgan, W. W.(1953). Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the Revised System of the Yerkes Spectral Atlas.. ''The Astrophysical Journal'' 117, 313. doi:10.1086/145697 {1953ApJ...117..313J}</ref>		The star name was proposed to the IAU WGSN in 2021; in 2024 the group agreed to register the name Bake-eo for [https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=gam+Oph&submit=SIMBAD+search γ Oph (SIMBAD-link)] with Vmag = 3.75 in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names. Gam Oph currently lacks a name in SIMBAD. Astrophysically, Gam Oph is a bright, nearby (distance ~ 30 parsecs) star that was one of the original A0V spectral type and photometric standard stars that helped define the zero points of the Johnson UBV photometric system (Johnson & Morgan 1953).<ref>Johnson, H. L. and Morgan, W. W.(1953). Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the Revised System of the Yerkes Spectral Atlas.. ''The Astrophysical Journal'' 117, 313. doi:10.1086/145697 {1953ApJ...117..313J}</ref>

	We don't know (yet) what map the author was using to ascribe the Marshallese names to stars with Bayer and Flamsteed designations - because some of the names for the stars and asterisms are for quite surprising stars: e.g. "Lerrik ran nejin Jabro" are attributed to the faint pair Pi Tau (V=4.7mag) and 71 Tau (V=4.5mag) in the Hyades. Additionally, they have the curious alias "Rediculus" for Alpha Pavonis, which seems to be unique to German 19th cen and early 20th cen navigation works (e.g. Stupar 1908).<ref>Stupar 1908</ref>		We don't know (yet) what map the author was using to ascribe the Marshallese names to stars with Bayer and Flamsteed designations - because some of the names for the stars and asterisms are for quite surprising stars: e.g. "Lerrik ran nejin Jabro" are attributed to the faint pair Pi Tau (V=4.7mag) and 71 Tau (V=4.5mag) in the Hyades. Additionally, they have the curious alias "Rediculus" for Alpha Pavonis, which seems to be unique to German 19th cen and early 20th cen navigation works (e.g. Stupar 1908).<ref>Stupar 1908</ref>

	=== Are there alternative cultural names for ~~gam~~ Oph? ===		=== Are there alternative cultural names for Gamma Oph? ===
	~~Gam~~ Oph is part of the '''[[Zongzheng]]''' asterism from the Shi shi xingjing Star Catalogue.<ref>Sun & Kistemaker 1997; "The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society", Brill</ref>		Gamma Oph is part of the '''[[Zongzheng]]''' asterism from the Shi shi xingjing Star Catalogue.<ref>Sun & Kistemaker 1997; "The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society", Brill</ref>

	'''Aldurajah''' (Moore & Rees 2011). This is one of dozens of star names that appear in Moore & Rees that appear to have dubious origins. The name obviously sounds Arabic, but it does not appear as a celestial name in any other source that covers either indigenous Arabian or scientific Arabic names that I've seen. Mentions online appear to be mainly over the past decade after the publication of Moore & Rees 2011.<ref>Moore & Rees 2011</ref>		'''Aldurajah''' (Moore & Rees 2011). This is one of dozens of star names that appear in Moore & Rees that appear to have dubious origins. The name obviously sounds Arabic, but it does not appear as a celestial name in any other source that covers either indigenous Arabian or scientific Arabic names that I've seen. Mentions online appear to be mainly over the past decade after the publication of Moore & Rees 2011.<ref>Moore & Rees 2011</ref>

Sushoff at 15:52, 20 January 2026

2026-01-20T15:52:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:52, 20 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Bake Eo}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Bake Eo}}
			Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Erdland1914 Bake-eo.jpg\|alt=screenshot(s) of text\|thumb\|"Bage Eo" mentioned in Erdland's list of Marshallese names in 1914. ]]A Marshallese star name for γ Oph. Pronounced "bakey-yew". In 2024, the IAU made this an official star name. Both spellings, "Bake-eo" and "Bake Eo" are accepted.		[[File:Erdland1914 Bake-eo.jpg\|alt=screenshot(s) of text\|thumb\|"Bage Eo" mentioned in Erdland's list of Marshallese names in 1914. ]]A Marshallese star name for γ Oph. Pronounced "bakey-yew". In 2024, the IAU made this an official star name. Both spellings, "Bake-eo" and "Bake Eo" are accepted.

IanRidpath: More capitalization

2025-06-17T14:55:53Z

More capitalization

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:55, 17 June 2025
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	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	[[File:Necklace, sperm whale teeth, glass beads, spondylus disks, plant fiber, Marshall Islands, 1891 - Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München - DSC08298.JPG\|alt=photograph of the necklace\|thumb\|Necklace from sperm whale teeth, glass beads, spondylus disks, plant fiber, Marshall Islands, 1891 (Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München, CC0)]]		[[File:Necklace, sperm whale teeth, glass beads, spondylus disks, plant fiber, Marshall Islands, 1891 - Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München - DSC08298.JPG\|alt=photograph of the necklace\|thumb\|Necklace from sperm whale teeth, glass beads, spondylus disks, plant fiber, Marshall Islands, 1891 (Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München, CC0)]]
	This Marshallese star name was originally recorded as ''Bage Eo'' by the Catholic missionary August Erdland,<ref name=":0">August Erdland (1914). ''Die Marschall-Insulaner'', Aschendorfsche Verlag (Bibliothèque-anthropos, 2(1)), Münster i.W. (Germany), [https://archive.org/details/diemarshallinsul00erdl/page/78/mode/2up archive.org]</ref> who lived in the Jaluit Atoll from 1904 to 1914 ([https://archive.org/details/diemarshallinsul00erdl/page/78/mode/2up Erdland 1914: 79 #15]). Erdland identifies it as γ Oph but also possibly as Procyon (~~alpha~~ Canis Minoris). Abo ''et al''. (2019) render the name as ''Bake-eo''.		This Marshallese star name was originally recorded as ''Bage Eo'' by the Catholic missionary August Erdland,<ref name=":0">August Erdland (1914). ''Die Marschall-Insulaner'', Aschendorfsche Verlag (Bibliothèque-anthropos, 2(1)), Münster i.W. (Germany), [https://archive.org/details/diemarshallinsul00erdl/page/78/mode/2up archive.org]</ref> who lived in the Jaluit Atoll from 1904 to 1914 ([https://archive.org/details/diemarshallinsul00erdl/page/78/mode/2up Erdland 1914: 79 #15]). Erdland identifies it as γ Oph but also possibly as Procyon (Alpha Canis Minoris). Abo ''et al''. (2019) render the name as ''Bake-eo''.

	=== Meaning of the term ===		=== Meaning of the term ===
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	=== Are there alternative cultural names for gam Oph? ===		=== Are there alternative cultural names for gam Oph? ===
	~~gam~~ Oph is part of the '''[[Zongzheng]]''' asterism from the Shi shi xingjing Star Catalogue.<ref>Sun & Kistemaker 1997; "The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society", Brill</ref>		Gam Oph is part of the '''[[Zongzheng]]''' asterism from the Shi shi xingjing Star Catalogue.<ref>Sun & Kistemaker 1997; "The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society", Brill</ref>

	'''Aldurajah''' (Moore & Rees 2011). This is one of dozens of star names that appear in Moore & Rees that appear to have dubious origins. The name obviously sounds Arabic, but it does not appear as a celestial name in any other source that covers either indigenous Arabian or scientific Arabic names that I've seen. Mentions online appear to be mainly over the past decade after the publication of Moore & Rees 2011.<ref>Moore & Rees 2011</ref>		'''Aldurajah''' (Moore & Rees 2011). This is one of dozens of star names that appear in Moore & Rees that appear to have dubious origins. The name obviously sounds Arabic, but it does not appear as a celestial name in any other source that covers either indigenous Arabian or scientific Arabic names that I've seen. Mentions online appear to be mainly over the past decade after the publication of Moore & Rees 2011.<ref>Moore & Rees 2011</ref>

IanRidpath: /* IAU Name Discussion */ Initial caps for Greek letters

2025-06-17T14:54:24Z

IAU Name Discussion: Initial caps for Greek letters

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 17 June 2025
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	==IAU Name Discussion==		==IAU Name Discussion==

	The star name has been proposed to the IAU WGSN since 2021; in 2024 the group discussed to register the name Bake-eo for [https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=gam+Oph&submit=SIMBAD+search γ Oph (SIMBAD-link)] with Vmag = 3.75 in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names. ~~gam~~ Oph currently lacks a name in SIMBAD. Astrophysically, ~~gam~~ Oph is a bright, nearby (distance ~ 30 parsecs) star that was one of the original A0V spectral type and photometric standard stars that helped define the zero points of the Johnson UBV photometric system (Johnson & Morgan 1953).<ref>Johnson, H. L. and Morgan, W. W.(1953). Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the Revised System of the Yerkes Spectral Atlas.. ''The Astrophysical Journal'' 117, 313. doi:10.1086/145697 {1953ApJ...117..313J}</ref>		The star name has been proposed to the IAU WGSN since 2021; in 2024 the group discussed to register the name Bake-eo for [https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=gam+Oph&submit=SIMBAD+search γ Oph (SIMBAD-link)] with Vmag = 3.75 in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names. Gam Oph currently lacks a name in SIMBAD. Astrophysically, Gam Oph is a bright, nearby (distance ~ 30 parsecs) star that was one of the original A0V spectral type and photometric standard stars that helped define the zero points of the Johnson UBV photometric system (Johnson & Morgan 1953).<ref>Johnson, H. L. and Morgan, W. W.(1953). Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the Revised System of the Yerkes Spectral Atlas.. ''The Astrophysical Journal'' 117, 313. doi:10.1086/145697 {1953ApJ...117..313J}</ref>

	We don't know (yet) what map the author was using to ascribe the Marshallese names to stars with Bayer and Flamsteed designations - because some of the names for the stars and asterisms are for quite surprising stars: e.g. "Lerrik ran nejin Jabro" are attributed to the faint pair pi Tau (V=4.7mag) and 71 Tau (V=4.5mag) in the Hyades. Additionally, they have the curious alias "Rediculus" for ~~alpha~~ Pavonis, which seems to be unique to German 19th cen and early 20th cen navigation works (e.g. Stupar 1908).<ref>Stupar 1908</ref>		We don't know (yet) what map the author was using to ascribe the Marshallese names to stars with Bayer and Flamsteed designations - because some of the names for the stars and asterisms are for quite surprising stars: e.g. "Lerrik ran nejin Jabro" are attributed to the faint pair Pi Tau (V=4.7mag) and 71 Tau (V=4.5mag) in the Hyades. Additionally, they have the curious alias "Rediculus" for Alpha Pavonis, which seems to be unique to German 19th cen and early 20th cen navigation works (e.g. Stupar 1908).<ref>Stupar 1908</ref>

	=== Are there alternative cultural names for gam Oph? ===		=== Are there alternative cultural names for gam Oph? ===
Line 61:		Line 61:
	'''Aldurajah''' (Moore & Rees 2011). This is one of dozens of star names that appear in Moore & Rees that appear to have dubious origins. The name obviously sounds Arabic, but it does not appear as a celestial name in any other source that covers either indigenous Arabian or scientific Arabic names that I've seen. Mentions online appear to be mainly over the past decade after the publication of Moore & Rees 2011.<ref>Moore & Rees 2011</ref>		'''Aldurajah''' (Moore & Rees 2011). This is one of dozens of star names that appear in Moore & Rees that appear to have dubious origins. The name obviously sounds Arabic, but it does not appear as a celestial name in any other source that covers either indigenous Arabian or scientific Arabic names that I've seen. Mentions online appear to be mainly over the past decade after the publication of Moore & Rees 2011.<ref>Moore & Rees 2011</ref>

	'''Muliphen''' (Allen 1899)<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names - their lore and Meaning. Dover Books on Astronomy</ref> "''but I cannot trace it here, although this title is famous in other parts of the sky''". Regardless of the etymology, the name is non-unique and the WGSN already adopted "Muliphein" for ~~gam~~ CMa.		'''Muliphen''' (Allen 1899)<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names - their lore and Meaning. Dover Books on Astronomy</ref> "''but I cannot trace it here, although this title is famous in other parts of the sky''". Regardless of the etymology, the name is non-unique and the WGSN already adopted "Muliphein" for Gam CMa.

	=== Is the hyphen necessary? ===		=== Is the hyphen necessary? ===
	Why not just "'''Bakeeo'''" which would ease the lives of astrophysicists? We've not needed hyphens for any of the previous IAU star names. Among ~24,000 IAU names for asteroids, exoplanets, satellites, and stars, they are used sparingly (200 instances or ~0.8%), and all of which are for asteroids - and for proper names where a hyphen was usually used for a modern proper name (e.g., (11274) Castillo-Rogez) or for some modern transliterations of ancient proper names (e.g. (11156) Al-Khwarismi).		Why not just "'''Bakeeo'''" which would ease the lives of astrophysicists? We've not needed hyphens for any of the previous IAU star names. Among ~24,000 IAU names for asteroids, exoplanets, satellites, and stars, they are used sparingly (200 instances or ~0.8%), and all of which are for asteroids - and for proper names where a hyphen was usually used for a modern proper name (e.g., (11274) Castillo-Rogez) or for some modern transliterations of ancient proper names (e.g. (11156) Al-Khwarismi).

	However, writing it "Bakeeo" would introduce a lot of confusion. This is not only because it would tempt people to pronounce it "Bak-ee-yew" rather than "Bak-ey-yew" (i.e. putting in a long "ee" sound, which is wrong, as long and short vowels are distinct in many Pacific languages). The double-vowel is an orthographic nightmare anyway owing to its ambiguous use by various ethnographers, sometimes to represent a long "ey" sound (properly transcribed as "ē", as opposed to "ī" which represents the long "ee" sound) and sometimes to represent "e‘e", i.e. two short "ey" sounds separated by a glottal stop, which is incorrectly omitted. Actually, "Bake‘eo" would be closest to the actual pronunciation, but the glottal stop is not used in Marshallese, so that spelling would be misleading. So we are stuck with "Bake-eo".		However, writing it "Bakeeo" would introduce a lot of confusion. This is not only because it would tempt people to pronounce it "Bak-ee-yew" rather than "Bak-ey-yew" (i.e. putting in a long "ee" sound, which is wrong, as long and short vowels are distinct in many Pacific languages). The double-vowel is an orthographic nightmare anyway owing to its ambiguous use by various ethnographers, sometimes to represent a long "ey" sound (properly transcribed as "ē", as opposed to "ī" which represents the long "ee" sound) and sometimes to represent "e‘e", i.e. two short "ey" sounds separated by a glottal stop, which is incorrectly omitted. Actually, "Bake‘eo" would be closest to the actual pronunciation, but the glottal stop is not used in Marshallese, so that spelling would be misleading. So we are stuck with "Bake-eo".

	Yet another idea would be to use the spelling "'''Bakeyew'''" as this would reflect the English spelling of the pronunciation. In Arabic transliteration there are also at least two versions of the transliteration: one according to the written letters and one according to the sound in spoken language (cf. "Altair" and "Atair"). However, "Bakeyew" could look like Russian (or other Slavic languages): We checked that there is no Russian meaning of the term.		Yet another idea would be to use the spelling "'''Bakeyew'''" as this would reflect the English spelling of the pronunciation. In Arabic transliteration there are also at least two versions of the transliteration: one according to the written letters and one according to the sound in spoken language (cf. "Altair" and "Atair"). However, "Bakeyew" could look like Russian (or other Slavic languages): We checked that there is no Russian meaning of the term.

	==IAU Working Group on Star Names==		==IAU Working Group on Star Names==

Sushoff at 09:37, 18 May 2025

2025-05-18T09:37:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:37, 18 May 2025
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	Yet another idea would be to use the spelling "'''Bakeyew'''" as this would reflect the English spelling of the pronunciation. In Arabic transliteration there are also at least two versions of the transliteration: one according to the written letters and one according to the sound in spoken language (cf. "Altair" and "Atair"). However, "Bakeyew" could look like Russian (or other Slavic languages): We checked that there is no Russian meaning of the term.		Yet another idea would be to use the spelling "'''Bakeyew'''" as this would reflect the English spelling of the pronunciation. In Arabic transliteration there are also at least two versions of the transliteration: one according to the written letters and one according to the sound in spoken language (cf. "Altair" and "Atair"). However, "Bakeyew" could look like Russian (or other Slavic languages): We checked that there is no Russian meaning of the term.

	==~~References~~==		==IAU Working Group on Star Names==
			The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2024/08/20.

			==Weblinks==
			* Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/

			==Reference==
			*[[References\|References (general)]]
	* Johnson, Rubellite, John Mahelona and Clive Ruggles (in press, publication expected in 2026). ''Nā Inoa Hōkū: Hawaiian and Pacific Star Names'', 3rd edn. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.		* Johnson, Rubellite, John Mahelona and Clive Ruggles (in press, publication expected in 2026). ''Nā Inoa Hōkū: Hawaiian and Pacific Star Names'', 3rd edn. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.

			[[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Single star-asterism‏‎]]		[[Category:Single star-asterism‏‎]]
	[[Category:Star Name‏‎]]		[[Category:Star Name‏‎]]

Sushoff at 14:43, 25 December 2024

2024-12-25T14:43:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:43, 25 December 2024
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	[[Category:Marshallese]]		[[Category:Marshallese]]
	[[Category:IAU-Star Name‏‎]]		[[Category:IAU-Star Name‏‎]]
			[[Category:Oph]]

Sushoff: references correctly defined - still needs to be cleaned

2024-11-26T08:58:20Z

references correctly defined - still needs to be cleaned

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:58, 26 November 2024
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Bake Eo}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Bake Eo}}
	[[File:Erdland1914 Bake-eo.jpg\|alt=screenshot(s) of text\|thumb\|"Bage Eo" mentioned in Erdland's list of Marshallese names in 1914. ]]A Marshallese star name for γ Oph. Pronounced "bakey-yew". Both spellings, "Bake-eo" and "Bake Eo" are accepted.		[[File:Erdland1914 Bake-eo.jpg\|alt=screenshot(s) of text\|thumb\|"Bage Eo" mentioned in Erdland's list of Marshallese names in 1914. ]]A Marshallese star name for γ Oph. Pronounced "bakey-yew". In 2024, the IAU made this an official star name. Both spellings, "Bake-eo" and "Bake Eo" are accepted.

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	[[File:Necklace, sperm whale teeth, glass beads, spondylus disks, plant fiber, Marshall Islands, 1891 - Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München - DSC08298.JPG\|alt=photograph of the necklace\|thumb\|Necklace from sperm whale teeth, glass beads, spondylus disks, plant fiber, Marshall Islands, 1891 (Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München, CC0)]]		[[File:Necklace, sperm whale teeth, glass beads, spondylus disks, plant fiber, Marshall Islands, 1891 - Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München - DSC08298.JPG\|alt=photograph of the necklace\|thumb\|Necklace from sperm whale teeth, glass beads, spondylus disks, plant fiber, Marshall Islands, 1891 (Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München, CC0)]]
	This Marshallese star name was originally recorded as ''Bage Eo'' by the Catholic missionary August Erdland, who lived in the Jaluit Atoll from 1904 to 1914 ([https://archive.org/details/diemarshallinsul00erdl/page/78/mode/2up Erdland 1914: 79 #15]). Erdland identifies it as γ Oph but also possibly as Procyon (alpha Canis Minoris). Abo ''et al''. (2019) render the name as ''Bake-eo''.		This Marshallese star name was originally recorded as ''Bage Eo'' by the Catholic missionary August Erdland,<ref name=":0">August Erdland (1914). ''Die Marschall-Insulaner'', Aschendorfsche Verlag (Bibliothèque-anthropos, 2(1)), Münster i.W. (Germany), [https://archive.org/details/diemarshallinsul00erdl/page/78/mode/2up archive.org]</ref> who lived in the Jaluit Atoll from 1904 to 1914 ([https://archive.org/details/diemarshallinsul00erdl/page/78/mode/2up Erdland 1914: 79 #15]). Erdland identifies it as γ Oph but also possibly as Procyon (alpha Canis Minoris). Abo ''et al''. (2019) render the name as ''Bake-eo''.

	=== Meaning of the term ===		=== Meaning of the term ===
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	'''English'''		'''English'''

	No full guarantee can be given for the correctness of some constellations since divergences occur among the navigators themselves. ~~It is surprising that~~ some stars of the first magnitude, such as Sirius and Rigel, have no name, whereas some of the constellations given a name by the native navigators are composed of stars of the fourth to fifth magnitude.</blockquote>Erdland (1914: 92) also refers to the famous [[wikipedia:Marshall_Islands_stick_chart\|Marshallese stick charts]] for see navigation.		No full guarantee can be given for the correctness of some constellations since divergences occur among the navigators themselves. Surprisingly, some stars of the first magnitude, such as Sirius and Rigel, have no name, whereas some of the constellations given a name by the native navigators are composed of stars of the fourth to fifth magnitude.</blockquote>Erdland (1914: 92) also refers to the famous [[wikipedia:Marshall_Islands_stick_chart\|Marshallese stick charts]] for see navigation.

	==Mythology==		==Mythology==
	Seen as a spondylus mussel (''bake''), nearby ''Debwāāl-eo'' (stars in Ophiuchus) being a drill used to drill holes in the mussel to make "puka shell" necklaces (Erdland 1914: 83; Abo ''et al''. 2019, under ''Debwāāl-eo''; Johnson ''et al''.)		Seen as a spondylus mussel (''bake''), nearby ''Debwāāl-eo'' (stars in Ophiuchus) being a drill used to drill holes in the mussel to make "puka shell" necklaces (Erdland 1914: 83; Abo ''et al''. 2019, under ''Debwāāl-eo''; Johnson ''et al''.)<ref name=":0" /><ref>Abo, Takaji, Byron W. Bender, Alfred Capelle, and Tony DeBrum (2019). ''Marshallese-English Online Dictionary''. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press. [https://www.trussel2.com/MOD/MED2A.htm link]</ref><ref>Johnson, Rubellite, John Mahelona and Clive Ruggles (in press, publication expected in 2026). ''Nā Inoa Hōkū: Hawaiian and Pacific Star Names'', 3rd edn. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.</ref>

	[https://archive.org/details/diemarshallinsul00erdl/page/210/mode/2up?view=theater Erdland reports only four star lores (p. 210-226)], three concerning the Pleiades, one concerning Antares.		[https://archive.org/details/diemarshallinsul00erdl/page/210/mode/2up?view=theater Erdland reports only four star lores (p. 210-226)], three concerning the Pleiades, one concerning Antares.
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	==IAU Name Discussion==		==IAU Name Discussion==

	The star name has been proposed to the IAU WGSN since 2021; in 2024 the group discussed to register the name Bake-eo for [https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=gam+Oph&submit=SIMBAD+search γ Oph (SIMBAD-link)] with Vmag = 3.75 in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names. gam Oph currently lacks a name in SIMBAD. Astrophysically, gam Oph is a bright, nearby (distance ~ 30 parsecs) star that was one of the original A0V spectral type and photometric standard stars that helped define the zero points of the Johnson UBV photometric system (Johnson & Morgan 1953; 1953ApJ...117..313J).		The star name has been proposed to the IAU WGSN since 2021; in 2024 the group discussed to register the name Bake-eo for [https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=gam+Oph&submit=SIMBAD+search γ Oph (SIMBAD-link)] with Vmag = 3.75 in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names. gam Oph currently lacks a name in SIMBAD. Astrophysically, gam Oph is a bright, nearby (distance ~ 30 parsecs) star that was one of the original A0V spectral type and photometric standard stars that helped define the zero points of the Johnson UBV photometric system (Johnson & Morgan 1953).<ref>Johnson, H. L. and Morgan, W. W.(1953). Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the Revised System of the Yerkes Spectral Atlas.. ''The Astrophysical Journal'' 117, 313. doi:10.1086/145697 {1953ApJ...117..313J}</ref>

	We don't know (yet) what map the author was using to ascribe the Marshallese names to stars with Bayer and Flamsteed designations - because some of the names for the stars and asterisms are for quite surprising stars: e.g. "Lerrik ran nejin Jabro" are attributed to the faint pair pi Tau (V=4.7mag) and 71 Tau (V=4.5mag) in the Hyades. Additionally, they have the curious alias "Rediculus" for alpha Pavonis, which seems to be unique to German 19th cen and early 20th cen navigation works (e.g. Stupar 1908).		We don't know (yet) what map the author was using to ascribe the Marshallese names to stars with Bayer and Flamsteed designations - because some of the names for the stars and asterisms are for quite surprising stars: e.g. "Lerrik ran nejin Jabro" are attributed to the faint pair pi Tau (V=4.7mag) and 71 Tau (V=4.5mag) in the Hyades. Additionally, they have the curious alias "Rediculus" for alpha Pavonis, which seems to be unique to German 19th cen and early 20th cen navigation works (e.g. Stupar 1908).<ref>Stupar 1908</ref>

	=== Are there alternative cultural names for gam Oph? ===		=== Are there alternative cultural names for gam Oph? ===
	gam Oph is part of the '''[[Zongzheng]]''' asterism (Sun & Kistemaker 1997; "The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society"~~) from the Shi shi xingjing Star Catalogue.~~		gam Oph is part of the '''[[Zongzheng]]''' asterism from the Shi shi xingjing Star Catalogue.<ref>Sun & Kistemaker 1997; "The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society", Brill</ref>

	'''Aldurajah''' (Moore & Rees 2011). This is one of dozens of star names that appear in Moore & Rees that appear to have dubious origins. The name obviously sounds Arabic, but it does not appear as a celestial name in any other source that covers either indigenous Arabian or scientific Arabic names that I've seen. Mentions online appear to be mainly over the past decade after the publication of Moore & Rees 2011.		'''Aldurajah''' (Moore & Rees 2011). This is one of dozens of star names that appear in Moore & Rees that appear to have dubious origins. The name obviously sounds Arabic, but it does not appear as a celestial name in any other source that covers either indigenous Arabian or scientific Arabic names that I've seen. Mentions online appear to be mainly over the past decade after the publication of Moore & Rees 2011.<ref>Moore & Rees 2011</ref>

	'''Muliphen''' (Allen 1899) "''but I cannot trace it here, although this title is famous in other parts of the sky''". Regardless of the etymology, the name is non-unique and the WGSN already adopted "Muliphein" for gam CMa.		'''Muliphen''' (Allen 1899)<ref>Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star Names - their lore and Meaning. Dover Books on Astronomy</ref> "''but I cannot trace it here, although this title is famous in other parts of the sky''". Regardless of the etymology, the name is non-unique and the WGSN already adopted "Muliphein" for gam CMa.

	=== Is the hyphen necessary? ===		=== Is the hyphen necessary? ===
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	==References==		==References==

	* Abo, Takaji, Byron W. Bender, Alfred Capelle, and Tony DeBrum (2019). ''Marshallese-English Online Dictionary''. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press. <ref>https://www.trussel2.com/MOD/MED2A.htm</ref>
	* Erdland, P. August (1914). ''Die Marshall-Insulaner''. Münster i.W.: Aschendorff (Bibliothèque-anthropos, 2(1)).
	* Johnson, Rubellite, John Mahelona and Clive Ruggles (in press, publication expected in 2026). ''Nā Inoa Hōkū: Hawaiian and Pacific Star Names'', 3rd edn. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.		* Johnson, Rubellite, John Mahelona and Clive Ruggles (in press, publication expected in 2026). ''Nā Inoa Hōkū: Hawaiian and Pacific Star Names'', 3rd edn. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.

Sushoff at 02:05, 27 October 2024

2024-10-27T02:05:44Z

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	[[Category:Oceania]]		[[Category:Oceania]]
	[[Category:Marshallese]]		[[Category:Marshallese]]
			[[Category:IAU-Star Name‏‎]]

Sushoff at 17:05, 19 September 2024

2024-09-19T17:05:42Z

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	[[Category:Single star-asterism‏‎]]		[[Category:Single star-asterism‏‎]]
			[[Category:Star Name‏‎]]
	[[Category:Oceania]]		[[Category:Oceania]]
	[[Category:Marshallese]]		[[Category:Marshallese]]