Bawy - Revision history

Sushoff at 19:40, 18 October 2026

2026-10-18T19:40:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 18 October 2026
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	[[File:Bawy.png\|thumb\|"Bawy" in hieroglyphs]]		[[File:Bawy.png\|thumb\|"Bawy" in hieroglyphs]]
	[[File:Figurine of a bird with a human head, representing the soul bird "ba", Late Period, Ancient Egypt-DSC05408.jpg\|thumb\|Figurine of a bird with a human head, representing the soul bird "ba". Painted wood, Late Period, 722-332 BC, Ancient Egypt. Collection Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden (CC BY Arjuno3)]]		[[File:Figurine of a bird with a human head, representing the soul bird "ba", Late Period, Ancient Egypt-DSC05408.jpg\|thumb\|Figurine of a bird with a human head, representing the soul bird "ba". Painted wood, Late Period, 722-332 BC, Ancient Egypt. Collection Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden (CC BY Arjuno3)]]
	Bawy, ''bȝwy'', the dual form of Ba (the Soul), i.e. Two Souls, is an Egyptian name, used in decanal star clocks.		'''Bawy,''' ''bȝwy'', the dual form of Ba (the Soul), i.e. Two Souls, is an Egyptian name, used in decanal star clocks.

	This historical asterism, possibly formed by two stars appears for the first time in the coffin-lids of the First Intermediate Period (FIP) and early Middle Kingdom. It appeared along Egyptian history in celestial diagrams, including the circular zodiac of Dendera where it is present in the decan belt just below Pisces. This may give an approximate idea of its RA location..		This '''historical asterism''', possibly formed by two stars appears for the first time in the coffin-lids of the First Intermediate Period (FIP) and early Middle Kingdom. It appeared along Egyptian history in celestial diagrams, including the circular zodiac of Dendera where it is present in the decan belt just below Pisces. This may give an approximate idea of its RA location..

	Bawy is also a modern IAU-star name; it was adopted to the IAU-CSN on 15 October 2026 for the star ξ1 Cet in [[Cetus]].		'''Bawy is also a modern IAU-star name'''; it was adopted to the IAU-CSN on 15 October 2026 for the star ξ1 Cet in [[Cetus]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
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	[[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]][[Category:Egyptian]]		[[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]][[Category:Egyptian]]
	[[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:IAU-Star Name]]
	[[Category:Cet]]		[[Category:Cet]]

Sushoff at 19:39, 18 October 2026

2026-10-18T19:39:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:39, 18 October 2026
Line 7:		Line 7:
	Bawy, ''bȝwy'', the dual form of Ba (the Soul), i.e. Two Souls, is an Egyptian name, used in decanal star clocks.		Bawy, ''bȝwy'', the dual form of Ba (the Soul), i.e. Two Souls, is an Egyptian name, used in decanal star clocks.

	This asterism, possibly formed by two stars appears for the first time in the coffin-lids of the First Intermediate Period (FIP) and early Middle Kingdom. It ~~appeaared~~ along Egyptian history in celestial diagrams, including the circular zodiac of Dendera ~~wwhere~~ it is present in the decan belt just below Pisces. This may give an ~~aapproximate~~ idea of its RA location..		This historical asterism, possibly formed by two stars appears for the first time in the coffin-lids of the First Intermediate Period (FIP) and early Middle Kingdom. It appeared along Egyptian history in celestial diagrams, including the circular zodiac of Dendera where it is present in the decan belt just below Pisces. This may give an approximate idea of its RA location..

			Bawy is also a modern IAU-star name; it was adopted to the IAU-CSN on 15 October 2026 for the star ξ1 Cet in [[Cetus]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==

JuanBelmonte: /* Decan Star Clocks */

2026-10-08T05:35:44Z

Decan Star Clocks

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:35, 8 October 2026
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	==== Decan Star Clocks ====		==== Decan Star Clocks ====
	Decan star clocks (also "diagonal star clocks")<ref name=":0">Leitz, Ch., 1995. Altägyptische Sternuhren. OLA, 62. Leuven: Peeters.</ref> represent one of the earliest known systematic methods of stellar timekeeping, as they are preserved from the Middle Kingdom (2100-1800 BCE). During the night, the successive appearance of decans provided a way to divide the night into approximately twelve parts for the twelve hours of the night. These constellations shift successively, so that the Egyptian schema needs to be read diagonally: every ten days, another constellation is considered to rule the same hour, or in other words, each constellation (decan) rules a different hour depending on the time of the year. Hoffmann (2022)<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Comparison of some General Concepts.,in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg, 542-560</ref> writes: "The pattern of this systematic shift of constellations through the hours of the day within a year is depicted on Egyptian diagonal star clocks, when the sequence of decans was observed in culmination instead of in rising (Symons 2007<ref>Symons, Sarah (2007), A star's year: the annual cycle in the ancient egyptian sky, in J. M. Steele, ed., `Calendars and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient World', Oxbow, Oxford (UK), pp. 1--33.</ref>), leading to a reduction of deviations throughout the year." <gallery>		Decan star clocks (also "diagonal star clocks")<ref name=":0">Leitz, Ch., 1995. Altägyptische Sternuhren. OLA, 62. Leuven: Peeters.</ref> represent one of the earliest known systematic methods of stellar timekeeping, as they are preserved from the Middle Kingdom (2100-1800 BCE). During the night, the successive appearance of decans provided a way to divide the night into approximately twelve parts for the twelve hours of the night. These constellations shift successively, so that the Egyptian schema needs to be read diagonally: every ten days, another constellation is considered to rule the same hour, or in other words, each constellation (decan) rules a different hour depending on the time of the year. Hoffmann (2022)<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Comparison of some General Concepts.,in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg, 542-560</ref> writes: "The pattern of this systematic shift of constellations through the hours of the day within a year is depicted on Egyptian diagonal star clocks, when the sequence of decans was observed in culmination instead of in rising (Symons 2007<ref>Symons, Sarah (2007), A star's year: the annual cycle in the ancient egyptian sky, in J. M. Steele, ed., `Calendars and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient World', Oxbow, Oxford (UK), pp. 1--33.</ref>), leading to a reduction of deviations throughout the year." <gallery>
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	</gallery>Leitz (1995,<ref name=":0" /> 78) describes a graphical identification method for the decan constellations and says that he basically follows the identifications of Neugebauer and Parker (Astronomische Texte I, 97-100). Yet, on the following pages, Leitz (1995) gives his own arguments, always citing NP but occasionally giving alternatives.		</gallery>Leitz (1995,<ref name=":0" /> 78) describes a graphical identification method for the decan constellations and says that he basically follows the identifications of Neugebauer and Parker (Astronomische Texte I, 97-100). Yet, on the following pages, Leitz (1995) gives his own arguments, always citing NP but occasionally giving alternatives.

	Bawy is the 21st decan (Leitz 1995, 92) reads:<blockquote>Für diesen Dekan lassen sich immerhin Vorschläge machen. In etwa den richtigen Horizontabstand weisen Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8-2.9, Höhe rund 2.2°) und θ Ceti (m=3.6, Höhe rund 2.6°) auf. Nimmt man dagegen an, dass die Emendierung von Neugebauer und Parker (''ȝḫwy'' zu ''bȝwy'') richtig ist und sucht nach einem Sternpaar vor dem 21. Untergangshorizont, so wäre die wahrscheindlichste Lösung ζ und χ Ceti. Der erste Stern (ζ Ceti = Baten Kaitos) besitzt eine Helligkeit con m =3.7, der zweite, dicht danebenliegende von m = 4.7, ihr Abstand vom Horizont (6.°5-7°) ist um rund 2° zu groß, wäre also vielleicht noch zu akzeptieren. </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' Suggestions can at least be made for this decan. Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8–2.9, altitude around 2.2°) and θ Ceti (m = 3.6, altitude around 2.6°) have roughly the correct horizontal distance. If, on the other hand, one assumes that Neugebauer and Parker’s emendation (''ȝḫw''y to ''bȝwy'') is correct and searches for a pair of stars before the 21st horizon, the most likely solution would be ζ and χ Ceti. The first star (ζ Ceti = [[Baten Kaitos]]) has a magnitude of m = 3.7, whilst the second, lying close by, has a magnitude of m = 4.7; their distance from the horizon (6.5–7°) is about 2° too great, but might still be acceptable.</blockquote>
			'''Bawy is the 21st decan''' (Leitz 1995, 92) reads:<blockquote>Für diesen Dekan lassen sich immerhin Vorschläge machen. In etwa den richtigen Horizontabstand weisen Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8-2.9, Höhe rund 2.2°) und θ Ceti (m=3.6, Höhe rund 2.6°) auf. Nimmt man dagegen an, dass die Emendierung von Neugebauer und Parker (''ȝḫwy'' zu ''bȝwy'') richtig ist und sucht nach einem Sternpaar vor dem 21. Untergangshorizont, so wäre die wahrscheindlichste Lösung ζ und χ Ceti. Der erste Stern (ζ Ceti = Baten Kaitos) besitzt eine Helligkeit con m =3.7, der zweite, dicht danebenliegende von m = 4.7, ihr Abstand vom Horizont (6.°5-7°) ist um rund 2° zu groß, wäre also vielleicht noch zu akzeptieren. </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' Suggestions can at least be made for this decan. Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8–2.9, altitude around 2.2°) and θ Ceti (m = 3.6, altitude around 2.6°) have roughly the correct horizontal distance. If, on the other hand, one assumes that Neugebauer and Parker’s emendation (''ȝḫw''y to ''bȝwy'') is correct and searches for a pair of stars before the 21st horizon, the most likely solution would be ζ and χ Ceti. The first star (ζ Ceti = [[Baten Kaitos]]) has a magnitude of m = 3.7, whilst the second, lying close by, has a magnitude of m = 4.7; their distance from the horizon (6.5–7°) is about 2° too great, but might still be acceptable.</blockquote>

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===

JuanBelmonte at 05:33, 8 October 2026

2026-10-08T05:33:02Z

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 [[File:Bawy.png|thumb|"Bawy" in hieroglyphs]]
-[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)]]
+[[File:Figurine of a bird with a human head, representing the soul bird "ba", Late Period, Ancient Egypt-DSC05408.jpg|thumb|Figurine of a bird with a human head, representing the soul bird "ba". Painted wood, Late Period, 722-332 BC, Ancient Egypt. Collection Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden (CC BY Arjuno3)]]
 Bawy, ''bȝwy'', the dual form of Ba (the Soul), i.e. Two Souls, is an Egyptian name, used in decanal star clocks.
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 Bawy can be considered as a syncretism of Set and Heru. Then, the name Harwyfy can also refer to them, it translates to "He with the Two Faces".
-==== Pyramid Texts ====
+==== Images of "Ba" in ancient Egyptian art ====
 ==== Decan Star Clocks ====

Sushoff at 05:14, 8 October 2026

2026-10-08T05:14:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:14, 8 October 2026
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	Bawy can be considered as a syncretism of Set and Heru. Then, the name Harwyfy can also refer to them, it translates to "He with the Two Faces".		Bawy can be considered as a syncretism of Set and Heru. Then, the name Harwyfy can also refer to them, it translates to "He with the Two Faces".

			==== Pyramid Texts ====

	==== Decan Star Clocks ====		==== Decan Star Clocks ====
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	In 2023, it was suggested to WGSN to use a star in Cetus to commemorate this obsolete constellation. Bawy is a decan, and of course is a dual (the two Souls) , which means it was formed by two stars. Indeed Delta Ceti seems to be a good candidate, with M77 nearby, However, I wonder if Xi1 and Xi2 Ceti ( (Bawy1 and 2, if they do not ahve a name) will not be better candidates since they havee different RA which fits the fact that Qed and Bawy both are decans and must be separated in RA, with Bawy prior to Qed. If not, Ipsilon 1 and 2 Ceti have a name could be fine. Bawy is below Piscees in Dendera circular zodiac so Xi1 and 2 seems an excellent approach.		In 2023, it was suggested to WGSN to use a star in Cetus to commemorate this obsolete constellation. Bawy is a decan, and of course is a dual (the two Souls) , which means it was formed by two stars. Indeed Delta Ceti seems to be a good candidate, with M77 nearby, However, I wonder if Xi1 and Xi2 Ceti ( (Bawy1 and 2, if they do not ahve a name) will not be better candidates since they havee different RA which fits the fact that Qed and Bawy both are decans and must be separated in RA, with Bawy prior to Qed. If not, Ipsilon 1 and 2 Ceti have a name could be fine. Bawy is below Piscees in Dendera circular zodiac so Xi1 and 2 seems an excellent approach.

			Xi1 an Xi2 for Bawy, if not Ipsilon 1 and 2 are good options.

	== Weblinks ==		== Weblinks ==

Sushoff: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2026-09-25T06:42:08Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:42, 25 September 2026
Line 46:		Line 46:

	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2023, it was suggested to WGSN to use a star in Cetus to commemorate this obsolete constellation.		In 2023, it was suggested to WGSN to use a star in Cetus to commemorate this obsolete constellation. Bawy is a decan, and of course is a dual (the two Souls) , which means it was formed by two stars. Indeed Delta Ceti seems to be a good candidate, with M77 nearby, However, I wonder if Xi1 and Xi2 Ceti ( (Bawy1 and 2, if they do not ahve a name) will not be better candidates since they havee different RA which fits the fact that Qed and Bawy both are decans and must be separated in RA, with Bawy prior to Qed. If not, Ipsilon 1 and 2 Ceti have a name could be fine. Bawy is below Piscees in Dendera circular zodiac so Xi1 and 2 seems an excellent approach.

Sushoff: /* Decan Star Clocks */

2026-09-24T18:07:44Z

Decan Star Clocks

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:07, 24 September 2026
Line 28:		Line 28:
	</gallery>Leitz (1995,<ref name=":0" /> 78) describes a graphical identification method for the decan constellations and says that he basically follows the identifications of Neugebauer and Parker (Astronomische Texte I, 97-100). Yet, on the following pages, Leitz (1995) gives his own arguments, always citing NP but occasionally giving alternatives.		</gallery>Leitz (1995,<ref name=":0" /> 78) describes a graphical identification method for the decan constellations and says that he basically follows the identifications of Neugebauer and Parker (Astronomische Texte I, 97-100). Yet, on the following pages, Leitz (1995) gives his own arguments, always citing NP but occasionally giving alternatives.

	Bawy is the 21st decan (Leitz 1995, 92) reads: <blockquote>Für diesen Dekan lassen sich immerhin Vorschläge machen. In etwa den richtigen Horizontabstand weisen Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8-2.9, Höhe rund 2.2°) und θ Ceti (m=3.6, Höhe rund 2.6°) auf. Nimmt man dagegen an, dass die Emendierung von Neugebauer und Parker (''ȝḫwy'' zu ''bȝwy'') richtig ist und sucht nach einem Sternpaar vor dem 21. Untergangshorizont, so wäre die wahrscheindlichste Lösung ζ und χ Ceti. Der erste Stern (ζ Ceti = Baten Kaitos) besitzt eine Helligkeit con m =3.7, der zweite, dicht danebenliegende von m = 4.7, ihr Abstand vom Horizont (6.°5-7°) ist um rund 2° zu groß, wäre also vielleicht noch zu akzeptieren. </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' Suggestions can at least be made for this decan. Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8–2.9, altitude around 2.2°) and θ Ceti (m = 3.6, altitude around 2.6°) have roughly the correct horizontal distance. If, on the other hand, one assumes that Neugebauer and Parker’s emendation (''ȝḫw''y to ''bȝwy'') is correct and searches for a pair of stars before the 21st horizon, the most likely solution would be ζ and χ Ceti. The first star (ζ Ceti = [[Baten Kaitos]]) has a magnitude of m = 3.7, whilst the second, lying close by, has a magnitude of m = 4.7; their distance from the horizon (6.5–7°) is about 2° too great, but might still be acceptable.</blockquote>		Bawy is the 21st decan (Leitz 1995, 92) reads:<blockquote>Für diesen Dekan lassen sich immerhin Vorschläge machen. In etwa den richtigen Horizontabstand weisen Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8-2.9, Höhe rund 2.2°) und θ Ceti (m=3.6, Höhe rund 2.6°) auf. Nimmt man dagegen an, dass die Emendierung von Neugebauer und Parker (''ȝḫwy'' zu ''bȝwy'') richtig ist und sucht nach einem Sternpaar vor dem 21. Untergangshorizont, so wäre die wahrscheindlichste Lösung ζ und χ Ceti. Der erste Stern (ζ Ceti = Baten Kaitos) besitzt eine Helligkeit con m =3.7, der zweite, dicht danebenliegende von m = 4.7, ihr Abstand vom Horizont (6.°5-7°) ist um rund 2° zu groß, wäre also vielleicht noch zu akzeptieren. </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' Suggestions can at least be made for this decan. Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8–2.9, altitude around 2.2°) and θ Ceti (m = 3.6, altitude around 2.6°) have roughly the correct horizontal distance. If, on the other hand, one assumes that Neugebauer and Parker’s emendation (''ȝḫw''y to ''bȝwy'') is correct and searches for a pair of stars before the 21st horizon, the most likely solution would be ζ and χ Ceti. The first star (ζ Ceti = [[Baten Kaitos]]) has a magnitude of m = 3.7, whilst the second, lying close by, has a magnitude of m = 4.7; their distance from the horizon (6.5–7°) is about 2° too great, but might still be acceptable.</blockquote>

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===

Sushoff: /* Decan Star Clocks */

2026-09-24T18:07:11Z

Decan Star Clocks

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:07, 24 September 2026
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	File:EgStarClockSchema BettinaHoffmann.jpeg\|Schema of Egyptian star clock: how it works (CC BY Bettina Hoffmann).		File:EgStarClockSchema BettinaHoffmann.jpeg\|Schema of Egyptian star clock: how it works (CC BY Bettina Hoffmann).
	File:Digaonalsternuhr.jpg\|Diagonal star clock in coffins from the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (Coffin of Nacht, probably from Asyut, 11th/12th Dynasty): Hildesheim, Römer und Pelicäusmuseum.		File:Digaonalsternuhr.jpg\|Diagonal star clock in coffins from the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (Coffin of Nacht, probably from Asyut, 11th/12th Dynasty): Hildesheim, Römer und Pelicäusmuseum.
	</gallery>Leitz (1995,<ref name=":0" /> 78) describes a graphical identification method for the decan constellations and says that he basically follows the identifications of Neugebauer and Parker (Astronomische Texte I, 97-100). Yet, on the following pages, Leitz (1995) gives his own arguments, always citing NP but occasionally giving alternatives.		</gallery>Leitz (1995,<ref name=":0" /> 78) describes a graphical identification method for the decan constellations and says that he basically follows the identifications of Neugebauer and Parker (Astronomische Texte I, 97-100). Yet, on the following pages, Leitz (1995) gives his own arguments, always citing NP but occasionally giving alternatives.

	Bawy is the 21st decan (Leitz 1995, 92) reads: <blockquote>Für diesen Dekan lassen sich immerhin Vorschläge machen. In etwa den richtigen Horizontabstand weisen Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8-2.9, Höhe rund 2.2°) und θ Ceti (m=3.6, Höhe rund 2.6°) auf. Nimmt man dagegen an, dass die Emendierung von Neugebauer und Parker (''ȝḫwy'' zu ''bȝwy'') richtig ist und sucht nach einem Sternpaar vor dem 21. Untergangshorizont, so wäre die wahrscheindlichste Lösung ζ und χ Ceti. Der erste Stern (ζ Ceti = Baten Kaitos) besitzt eine Helligkeit con m =3.7, der zweite, dicht danebenliegende von m = 4.7, ihr Abstand vom Horizont (6.°5-7°) ist um rund 2° zu groß, wäre also vielleicht noch zu akzeptieren. </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' Suggestions can at least be made for this decan. Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8–2.9, altitude around 2.2°) and θ Ceti (m = 3.6, altitude around 2.6°) have roughly the correct horizontal distance. If, on the other hand, one assumes that Neugebauer and Parker’s emendation (''ȝḫw''y to ''bȝwy'') is correct and searches for a pair of stars before the 21st horizon, the most likely solution would be ζ and χ Ceti. The first star (ζ Ceti = [[Baten Kaitos]]) has a magnitude of m = 3.7, whilst the second, lying close by, has a magnitude of m = 4.7; their distance from the horizon (6.5–7°) is about 2° too great, but might still be acceptable.</blockquote>		Bawy is the 21st decan (Leitz 1995, 92) reads: <blockquote>Für diesen Dekan lassen sich immerhin Vorschläge machen. In etwa den richtigen Horizontabstand weisen Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8-2.9, Höhe rund 2.2°) und θ Ceti (m=3.6, Höhe rund 2.6°) auf. Nimmt man dagegen an, dass die Emendierung von Neugebauer und Parker (''ȝḫwy'' zu ''bȝwy'') richtig ist und sucht nach einem Sternpaar vor dem 21. Untergangshorizont, so wäre die wahrscheindlichste Lösung ζ und χ Ceti. Der erste Stern (ζ Ceti = Baten Kaitos) besitzt eine Helligkeit con m =3.7, der zweite, dicht danebenliegende von m = 4.7, ihr Abstand vom Horizont (6.°5-7°) ist um rund 2° zu groß, wäre also vielleicht noch zu akzeptieren. </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' Suggestions can at least be made for this decan. Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8–2.9, altitude around 2.2°) and θ Ceti (m = 3.6, altitude around 2.6°) have roughly the correct horizontal distance. If, on the other hand, one assumes that Neugebauer and Parker’s emendation (''ȝḫw''y to ''bȝwy'') is correct and searches for a pair of stars before the 21st horizon, the most likely solution would be ζ and χ Ceti. The first star (ζ Ceti = [[Baten Kaitos]]) has a magnitude of m = 3.7, whilst the second, lying close by, has a magnitude of m = 4.7; their distance from the horizon (6.5–7°) is about 2° too great, but might still be acceptable.</blockquote>

Sushoff: /* Decan Star Clocks */

2026-09-24T18:02:05Z

Decan Star Clocks

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:02, 24 September 2026
Line 26:		Line 26:
	File:EgStarClockSchema BettinaHoffmann.jpeg\|Schema of Egyptian star clock: how it works (CC BY Bettina Hoffmann).		File:EgStarClockSchema BettinaHoffmann.jpeg\|Schema of Egyptian star clock: how it works (CC BY Bettina Hoffmann).
	File:Digaonalsternuhr.jpg\|Diagonal star clock in coffins from the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (Coffin of Nacht, probably from Asyut, 11th/12th Dynasty): Hildesheim, Römer und Pelicäusmuseum.		File:Digaonalsternuhr.jpg\|Diagonal star clock in coffins from the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (Coffin of Nacht, probably from Asyut, 11th/12th Dynasty): Hildesheim, Römer und Pelicäusmuseum.
	</gallery>Leitz (1995,<ref name=":0" /> 78) describes a graphical identification method for the decan constellations and says that he basically follows the identifications of Neugebauer and Parker (Astronomische Texte I, 97-100). Yet, on the following pages, Leitz (1995) gives his own arguments, always citing NP but occasionally giving alternatives.		</gallery>Leitz (1995,<ref name=":0" /> 78) describes a graphical identification method for the decan constellations and says that he basically follows the identifications of Neugebauer and Parker (Astronomische Texte I, 97-100). Yet, on the following pages, Leitz (1995) gives his own arguments, always citing NP but occasionally giving alternatives.

	Bawy is the 21st decan (Leitz 1995, 92) reads: <blockquote>Für diesen Dekan lassen sich immerhin Vorschläge machen. In etwa den richtigen Horizontabstand weisen Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8-2.9, Höhe rund 2.2°) und θ Ceti (m=3.6, Höhe rund 2.6°) auf. Nimmt man dagegen an, dass die Emendierung von Neugebauer und Parker (''ȝḫwy'' zu ''bȝwy'') richtig ist und sucht nach einem Sternpaar vor dem 21. Untergangshorizont, so wäre die wahrscheindlichste Lösung ζ und χ Ceti. Der erste Stern (ζ Ceti = Baten Kaitos) besitzt eine Helligkeit con m =3.7, der zweite, dicht danebenliegende von m = 4.7, ihr Abstand vom Horizont (6.°5-7°) ist um rund 2° zu groß, wäre also vielleicht noch zu akzeptieren. </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' Suggestions can at least be made for this decan. Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8–2.9, altitude around 2.2°) and θ Ceti (m = 3.6, altitude around 2.6°) have roughly the correct horizontal distance. If, on the other hand, one assumes that Neugebauer and Parker’s emendation (''ȝḫw''y to ''bȝwy'') is correct and searches for a pair of stars before the 21st horizon, the most likely solution would be ζ and χ Ceti. The first star (ζ Ceti = [[Baten Kaitos]]) has a magnitude of m = 3.7, whilst the second, lying close by, has a magnitude of m = 4.7; their distance from the horizon (6.5–7°) is about 2° too great, but might still be acceptable.</blockquote>		Bawy is the 21st decan (Leitz 1995, 92) reads: <blockquote>Für diesen Dekan lassen sich immerhin Vorschläge machen. In etwa den richtigen Horizontabstand weisen Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8-2.9, Höhe rund 2.2°) und θ Ceti (m=3.6, Höhe rund 2.6°) auf. Nimmt man dagegen an, dass die Emendierung von Neugebauer und Parker (''ȝḫwy'' zu ''bȝwy'') richtig ist und sucht nach einem Sternpaar vor dem 21. Untergangshorizont, so wäre die wahrscheindlichste Lösung ζ und χ Ceti. Der erste Stern (ζ Ceti = Baten Kaitos) besitzt eine Helligkeit con m =3.7, der zweite, dicht danebenliegende von m = 4.7, ihr Abstand vom Horizont (6.°5-7°) ist um rund 2° zu groß, wäre also vielleicht noch zu akzeptieren. </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' Suggestions can at least be made for this decan. Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8–2.9, altitude around 2.2°) and θ Ceti (m = 3.6, altitude around 2.6°) have roughly the correct horizontal distance. If, on the other hand, one assumes that Neugebauer and Parker’s emendation (''ȝḫw''y to ''bȝwy'') is correct and searches for a pair of stars before the 21st horizon, the most likely solution would be ζ and χ Ceti. The first star (ζ Ceti = [[Baten Kaitos]]) has a magnitude of m = 3.7, whilst the second, lying close by, has a magnitude of m = 4.7; their distance from the horizon (6.5–7°) is about 2° too great, but might still be acceptable.</blockquote>

Sushoff: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

2026-09-24T17:58:26Z

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 24 September 2026
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	</gallery>Leitz (1995,<ref name=":0" /> 78) describes a graphical identification method for the decan constellations and says that he basically follows the identifications of Neugebauer and Parker (Astronomische Texte I, 97-100). Yet, on the following pages, Leitz (1995) gives his own arguments, always citing NP but occasionally giving alternatives.		</gallery>Leitz (1995,<ref name=":0" /> 78) describes a graphical identification method for the decan constellations and says that he basically follows the identifications of Neugebauer and Parker (Astronomische Texte I, 97-100). Yet, on the following pages, Leitz (1995) gives his own arguments, always citing NP but occasionally giving alternatives.

	Bawy is the 21st decan (Leitz 1995, 92) reads: <blockquote>Für diesen Dekan lassen sich immerhin Vorschläge machen. In etwa den richtigen Horizontabstand weisen Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8-2.9, Höhe rund 2.2°) und θ Ceti (m=3.6, Höhe rund 2.6°) auf. Nimmt man dagegen an, dass die Emendierung von Neugebauer und Parker (''ȝḫwy'' zu ''bȝwy'') richtig ist und sucht nach einem Sternpaar vor dem 21. Untergangshorizont, so wäre die wahrscheindlichste Lösung ζ und χ Ceti Der erste Stern (ζ Ceti = Baten Kaitos) besitzt eine Helligkeit con m =3.7, der zweite, dicht danebenliegende von m = 4.7, ihr Abstand vom Horizont (6.°5-7°) ist um rund 2° zu groß, wäre also vielleicht noch zu akzeptieren. </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' Suggestions can at least be made for this decan. Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8–2.9, altitude around 2.2°) and θ Ceti (m = 3.6, altitude around 2.6°) have roughly the correct horizontal distance. If, on the other hand, one assumes that Neugebauer and Parker’s emendation (''ȝḫw''y to ''bȝwy'') is correct and searches for a pair of stars before the 21st horizon, the most likely solution would be ζ and χ Ceti. The first star (ζ Ceti = [[Baten Kaitos]]) has a magnitude of m = 3.7, whilst the second, lying close by, has a magnitude of m = 4.7; their distance from the horizon (6.5–7°) is about 2° too great, but might still be acceptable.</blockquote>		Bawy is the 21st decan (Leitz 1995, 92) reads: <blockquote>Für diesen Dekan lassen sich immerhin Vorschläge machen. In etwa den richtigen Horizontabstand weisen Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8-2.9, Höhe rund 2.2°) und θ Ceti (m=3.6, Höhe rund 2.6°) auf. Nimmt man dagegen an, dass die Emendierung von Neugebauer und Parker (''ȝḫwy'' zu ''bȝwy'') richtig ist und sucht nach einem Sternpaar vor dem 21. Untergangshorizont, so wäre die wahrscheindlichste Lösung ζ und χ Ceti. Der erste Stern (ζ Ceti = Baten Kaitos) besitzt eine Helligkeit con m =3.7, der zweite, dicht danebenliegende von m = 4.7, ihr Abstand vom Horizont (6.°5-7°) ist um rund 2° zu groß, wäre also vielleicht noch zu akzeptieren. </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' Suggestions can at least be made for this decan. Algenib (γ Persei, m = 2.8–2.9, altitude around 2.2°) and θ Ceti (m = 3.6, altitude around 2.6°) have roughly the correct horizontal distance. If, on the other hand, one assumes that Neugebauer and Parker’s emendation (''ȝḫw''y to ''bȝwy'') is correct and searches for a pair of stars before the 21st horizon, the most likely solution would be ζ and χ Ceti. The first star (ζ Ceti = [[Baten Kaitos]]) has a magnitude of m = 3.7, whilst the second, lying close by, has a magnitude of m = 4.7; their distance from the horizon (6.5–7°) is about 2° too great, but might still be acceptable.</blockquote>

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===