Betelgeuse - Revision history

Sushoff at 15:52, 20 January 2026

2026-01-20T15:52:26Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Betelgeuse}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Betelgeuse}}
			Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:HandFarnese Bendley1739.gif\|thumb\|The hand of the Giant Atlas on the Farnese Globe at the position of the star Betelgeuse (animation by SMH 2025 on the basis of a drawing by Bendley 1739).]]		[[File:HandFarnese Bendley1739.gif\|thumb\|The hand of the Giant Atlas on the Farnese Globe at the position of the star Betelgeuse (animation by SMH 2025 on the basis of a drawing by Bendley 1739).]]
	The name derives from Arabic يد الجوزاء ''Yad al-Jawzā’'', the hand of ''al-Jawzā’''. Jawza is a Giant. Kunitzsch (1959)<ref>Kunitzsch, P. (1959), Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Harrassowitz</ref> explained the first part of the name Betelgeuse<nowiki>, the ''bet'', as transformation from the Arabic letter yā’ (ي) with two dots underneath the Arabic letter to the letter bā’ (ب) with one dot. Thus, the first part of the word is not ''bet'' but ''yad''</nowiki>, the hand.		The name derives from Arabic يد الجوزاء ''Yad al-Jawzā’'', the hand of ''al-Jawzā’''. Jawza is a Giant. Kunitzsch (1959)<ref>Kunitzsch, P. (1959), Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Harrassowitz</ref> explained the first part of the name Betelgeuse<nowiki>, the ''bet'', as transformation from the Arabic letter yā’ (ي) with two dots underneath the Arabic letter to the letter bā’ (ب) with one dot. Thus, the first part of the word is not ''bet'' but ''yad''</nowiki>, the hand.

Sushoff at 12:17, 19 November 2025

2025-11-19T12:17:39Z

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	[[Category:IAU-Star Name‏‎]]		[[Category:IAU-Star Name‏‎]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:~~East~~ Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]]
			[[Category:European]]
	[[Category:Ori]] [[Category:Arabic]]		[[Category:Ori]] [[Category:Arabic]]

Sushoff at 14:09, 14 August 2025

2025-08-14T14:09:39Z

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 ==Etymology and History==
 The name originated from reading errors in medieval times: As the Arabic letters "y" and "b" differ only by one dot which can easily be overlooked the leading "y" in "yad" was misread, "d" and "t" are frequently exchanged in dialects and short vowels like "a" and "e" are not written in Semitic languages. It is easy to change Jawzā into ''Geuse'' as the ''j'' sound in Arabic is very often transliterated to a ''g'' which as a sound only exists in the Egyptian dialect of Arabic and is, thus, mostly considered equivalent.
 === Whose Hand? ===

IanRidpath: Tidying up punctuation and formatting

2025-06-18T11:49:01Z

Tidying up punctuation and formatting

Sushoff at 06:46, 29 May 2025

2025-05-29T06:46:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:46, 29 May 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Betelgeuse}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Betelgeuse}}
	[[File:HandFarnese Bendley1739.gif\|thumb\|The hand of the Giant Atlas on the Farnese Globe at the position of the star Betelgeuse (animation by SMH 2025 on the basis of a drawing by Bendley 1739).]]		[[File:HandFarnese Bendley1739.gif\|thumb\|The hand of the Giant Atlas on the Farnese Globe at the position of the star Betelgeuse (animation by SMH 2025 on the basis of a drawing by Bendley 1739).]]
	The name derives from Arabic يد الجوزاء ''Yad al-Jawzā’'' "the hand of ''al-Jawzā’.'' Jawza is a Giant. Kunitzsch (1959)<ref>Kunitzsch, P. (1959), Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Harrassowitz</ref> explained the first part of the name ``Betelgeuse<nowiki>'', the ``bet'', as transformation from the Arabic letter ~~yā’with~~ two dots underneath the Arabic letter to the letter bā’ with one dot at this place. Thus, the first part of the word is not ``bet'' but ``yad''</nowiki>, the hand.		The name derives from Arabic يد الجوزاء ''Yad al-Jawzā’'' "the hand of ''al-Jawzā’.'' Jawza is a Giant. Kunitzsch (1959)<ref>Kunitzsch, P. (1959), Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Harrassowitz</ref> explained the first part of the name ``Betelgeuse<nowiki>'', the ``bet'', as transformation from the Arabic letter yā’ (ي) with two dots underneath the Arabic letter to the letter bā’ (ب) with one dot at this place. Thus, the first part of the word is not ``bet'' but ``yad''</nowiki>, the hand.

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==

Sushoff at 09:45, 18 May 2025

2025-05-18T09:45:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:45, 18 May 2025
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			{{DISPLAYTITLE:Betelgeuse}}
	[[File:HandFarnese Bendley1739.gif\|thumb\|The hand of the Giant Atlas on the Farnese Globe at the position of the star Betelgeuse (animation by SMH 2025 on the basis of a drawing by Bendley 1739).]]		[[File:HandFarnese Bendley1739.gif\|thumb\|The hand of the Giant Atlas on the Farnese Globe at the position of the star Betelgeuse (animation by SMH 2025 on the basis of a drawing by Bendley 1739).]]
	The name derives from Arabic يد الجوزاء ''Yad al-Jawzā’'' "the hand of ''al-Jawzā’.'' Jawza is a Giant. Kunitzsch (1959)<ref>Kunitzsch, P. (1959), Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Harrassowitz</ref> explained the first part of the name ``Betelgeuse<nowiki>'', the ``bet'', as transformation from the Arabic letter yā’with two dots underneath the Arabic letter to the letter bā’ with one dot at this place. Thus, the first part of the word is not ``bet'' but ``yad''</nowiki>, the hand.		The name derives from Arabic يد الجوزاء ''Yad al-Jawzā’'' "the hand of ''al-Jawzā’.'' Jawza is a Giant. Kunitzsch (1959)<ref>Kunitzsch, P. (1959), Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Harrassowitz</ref> explained the first part of the name ``Betelgeuse<nowiki>'', the ``bet'', as transformation from the Arabic letter yā’with two dots underneath the Arabic letter to the letter bā’ with one dot at this place. Thus, the first part of the word is not ``bet'' but ``yad''</nowiki>, the hand.

Sushoff: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2025-05-18T09:45:24Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:45, 18 May 2025
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	==IAU Working Group on Star Names==		==IAU Working Group on Star Names==
	~~The name was approved by the IAU WGSN in 2016.~~		It was internationally approved because it is in use for long time and documented in Kunitzsch and Smart (2006)<ref name=":0" /> <blockquote>Applied with varied spellings since medieval times, from its ind-A name yad al-jauza', "the Hand of al-jauza'" (The first medieval transliteration into Latin was bedalgeuze, mistaking the initial Arabic letter as "b" instead of "y." In Renaissance times this corruption was erroneously attributed to the assumed Arabic word "bat" [properly ibt], for "the Armpit" of al-jauza', giving rise to the corruption Betelgeuse" seen today. Thus by Renaissance times both the "y" and "d" of the first part of the ind-A name had become corrupted.) The ind-A asterism al-jauza' was a feminine figure represented in the stars of what is today Orion. The origin of its name is unclear (as with nearly all of the ancient group of ind-A names). The root jwz can mean "middle," and the word al-jauza' is structured as a feminine adjective, thus al-jauza' may mean "the female one, having something about her related to the middle." There have been different speculations as to what the "middle" reference, if that is what it is, could be (for one example). The ind-Arabs' al-jauza' corresponded to what in other cultures was Gemini among the zodiacal signs. The sci-Arabs subsequently used the indigenous name for both the Greek Orion and Twins, leading to some confusion in star names between the two constellations. An alternative sci-A name for Orion was al-jabbar, "the Giant" and for Gemini, al-taw'aman, "the Twins."</blockquote>
	It was internationally approved because it is in use for long time and documented in Kunitzsch and Smart (2006)<ref name=":0" /> <blockquote>Applied with varied spellings since medieval times, from its ind-A name yad al-jauza', "the Hand of al-jauza'" (The first medieval transliteration into Latin was bedalgeuze, mistaking the initial Arabic letter as "b" instead of "y." In Renaissance times this corruption was erroneously attributed to the assumed Arabic word "bat" [properly ibt], for "the Armpit" of al-jauza', giving rise to the corruption Betelgeuse" seen today. Thus by Renaissance times both the "y" and "d" of the first part of the ind-A name had become corrupted.) The ind-A asterism al-jauza' was a feminine figure represented in the stars of what is today Orion. The origin of its name is unclear (as with nearly all of the ancient group of ind-A names). The root jwz can mean "middle," and the word al-jauza' is structured as a feminine adjective, thus al-jauza' may mean "the female one, having something about her related to the middle." There have been different speculations as to what the "middle" reference, if that is what it is, could be (for one example). The ind-Arabs' al-jauza' corresponded to what in other cultures was Gemini among the zodiacal signs. The sci-Arabs subsequently used the indigenous name for both the Greek Orion and Twins, leading to some confusion in star names between the two constellations. An alternative sci-A name for Orion was al-jabbar, "the Giant" and for Gemini, al-taw'aman, "the Twins."</blockquote>


	~~==IAU Working Group on Star Names==~~
	The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/06/30.		The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/06/30.

Sushoff at 09:44, 18 May 2025

2025-05-18T09:44:35Z

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	It was internationally approved because it is in use for long time and documented in Kunitzsch and Smart (2006)<ref name=":0" /> <blockquote>Applied with varied spellings since medieval times, from its ind-A name yad al-jauza', "the Hand of al-jauza'" (The first medieval transliteration into Latin was bedalgeuze, mistaking the initial Arabic letter as "b" instead of "y." In Renaissance times this corruption was erroneously attributed to the assumed Arabic word "bat" [properly ibt], for "the Armpit" of al-jauza', giving rise to the corruption Betelgeuse" seen today. Thus by Renaissance times both the "y" and "d" of the first part of the ind-A name had become corrupted.) The ind-A asterism al-jauza' was a feminine figure represented in the stars of what is today Orion. The origin of its name is unclear (as with nearly all of the ancient group of ind-A names). The root jwz can mean "middle," and the word al-jauza' is structured as a feminine adjective, thus al-jauza' may mean "the female one, having something about her related to the middle." There have been different speculations as to what the "middle" reference, if that is what it is, could be (for one example). The ind-Arabs' al-jauza' corresponded to what in other cultures was Gemini among the zodiacal signs. The sci-Arabs subsequently used the indigenous name for both the Greek Orion and Twins, leading to some confusion in star names between the two constellations. An alternative sci-A name for Orion was al-jabbar, "the Giant" and for Gemini, al-taw'aman, "the Twins."</blockquote>		It was internationally approved because it is in use for long time and documented in Kunitzsch and Smart (2006)<ref name=":0" /> <blockquote>Applied with varied spellings since medieval times, from its ind-A name yad al-jauza', "the Hand of al-jauza'" (The first medieval transliteration into Latin was bedalgeuze, mistaking the initial Arabic letter as "b" instead of "y." In Renaissance times this corruption was erroneously attributed to the assumed Arabic word "bat" [properly ibt], for "the Armpit" of al-jauza', giving rise to the corruption Betelgeuse" seen today. Thus by Renaissance times both the "y" and "d" of the first part of the ind-A name had become corrupted.) The ind-A asterism al-jauza' was a feminine figure represented in the stars of what is today Orion. The origin of its name is unclear (as with nearly all of the ancient group of ind-A names). The root jwz can mean "middle," and the word al-jauza' is structured as a feminine adjective, thus al-jauza' may mean "the female one, having something about her related to the middle." There have been different speculations as to what the "middle" reference, if that is what it is, could be (for one example). The ind-Arabs' al-jauza' corresponded to what in other cultures was Gemini among the zodiacal signs. The sci-Arabs subsequently used the indigenous name for both the Greek Orion and Twins, leading to some confusion in star names between the two constellations. An alternative sci-A name for Orion was al-jabbar, "the Giant" and for Gemini, al-taw'aman, "the Twins."</blockquote>

	~~== Weblinks ==~~

	*		==IAU Working Group on Star Names==
			The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/06/30.

			==Weblinks==
			* Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/

	== Reference ==		== Reference ==

Sushoff at 09:44, 18 May 2025

2025-05-18T09:44:14Z

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	* [[References (Medieval and Early Modern)\|References (early modern)]]		* [[References (Medieval and Early Modern)\|References (early modern)]]

			[[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Single star-asterism‏‎]]		[[Category:Single star-asterism‏‎]]
	[[Category:Star Name‏‎]]		[[Category:Star Name‏‎]]
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	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:East Asian]]		[[Category:East Asian]]
			[[Category:Ori]] [[Category:Arabic]]

Sushoff at 07:34, 27 April 2025

2025-04-27T07:34:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:34, 27 April 2025
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	=== Whose Hand? ===		=== Whose Hand? ===
			[[File:Orion asSufi1170 Bodlein2x.jpg\|thumb\|Orion drawn in an early as-Sufi manuscript (1170). Kitāb Ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thābitah (Bodleian Library MS. Huntington 212, Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford) Place of Origin: Mosul ([https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/fba70a3f-2cf2-40cd-8d43-017b3eaed5c3/surfaces/416050d0-613d-459f-a498-0da67b4cd4b3/# link]) ]]
	The more interesting quesion is whose hand is meant here. Philologically, it is not clear whether or not this Jawzā is a proper name. Usually, in Semitic languages the proper names do not take a definite article (al-) and here we see that there is a definite article. If this word is not a proper name, then it might have been derived from the Arabic root ``jawz<nowiki>''</nowiki> which denotes the ``middle<nowiki>''</nowiki> or the ``main part<nowiki>''</nowiki> of something. So, yad al-Jawzā could mean ``the hand of the central one<nowiki>''</nowiki>. Another suggestion understands Jauzā’as a designation of a feminine giant.		The more interesting quesion is whose hand is meant here. Philologically, it is not clear whether or not this Jawzā is a proper name. Usually, in Semitic languages the proper names do not take a definite article (al-) and here we see that there is a definite article. If this word is not a proper name, then it might have been derived from the Arabic root ``jawz<nowiki>''</nowiki> which denotes the ``middle<nowiki>''</nowiki> or the ``main part<nowiki>''</nowiki> of something. So, yad al-Jawzā could mean ``the hand of the central one<nowiki>''</nowiki>. Another suggestion understands Jauzā’as a designation of a feminine giant.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 18 June 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Betelgeuse}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Betelgeuse}}
	[[File:HandFarnese Bendley1739.gif\|thumb\|The hand of the Giant Atlas on the Farnese Globe at the position of the star Betelgeuse (animation by SMH 2025 on the basis of a drawing by Bendley 1739).]]		[[File:HandFarnese Bendley1739.gif\|thumb\|The hand of the Giant Atlas on the Farnese Globe at the position of the star Betelgeuse (animation by SMH 2025 on the basis of a drawing by Bendley 1739).]]
	The name derives from Arabic يد الجوزاء ''Yad al-Jawzā’'' "the hand of ''al-Jawzā’.'' Jawza is a Giant. Kunitzsch (1959)<ref>Kunitzsch, P. (1959), Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Harrassowitz</ref> explained the first part of the name ``Betelgeuse<nowiki>''~~, the ``~~bet'', as transformation from the Arabic letter yā’ (ي) with two dots underneath the Arabic letter to the letter bā’ (ب) with one dot ~~at this place~~. Thus, the first part of the word is not ``bet'' but ``yad''</nowiki>, the hand.		The name derives from Arabic يد الجوزاء ''Yad al-Jawzā’'', the hand of ''al-Jawzā’''. Jawza is a Giant. Kunitzsch (1959)<ref>Kunitzsch, P. (1959), Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Harrassowitz</ref> explained the first part of the name Betelgeuse<nowiki>, the ''bet'', as transformation from the Arabic letter yā’ (ي) with two dots underneath the Arabic letter to the letter bā’ (ب) with one dot. Thus, the first part of the word is not ''bet'' but ''yad''</nowiki>, the hand.

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	The name originated from reading errors in medieval times: As the Arabic letters "y" and "b" differ only by one dot which can easily be overlooked the leading "y" in "yad" was misread, "d" and "t" are frequently exchanged in dialects and short vowels like "a" and "e" are not written in Semitic languages. It is easy to change Jawzā into ``Geuse~~<nowiki>~~''~~</nowiki>~~ as the ``j~~<nowiki>~~''~~</nowiki>~~ sound in Arabic is very often transliterated to a ``g~~<nowiki>~~''~~</nowiki>~~ which as a sound only exists in the Egyptian dialect of Arabic and is, thus, mostly considered equivalent.		The name originated from reading errors in medieval times: As the Arabic letters "y" and "b" differ only by one dot which can easily be overlooked the leading "y" in "yad" was misread, "d" and "t" are frequently exchanged in dialects and short vowels like "a" and "e" are not written in Semitic languages. It is easy to change Jawzā into ''Geuse'' as the ''j'' sound in Arabic is very often transliterated to a ''g'' which as a sound only exists in the Egyptian dialect of Arabic and is, thus, mostly considered equivalent.

	=== Whose Hand? ===		=== Whose Hand? ===
	[[File:Orion asSufi1170 Bodlein2x.jpg\|thumb\|Orion drawn in an early as-Sufi manuscript (1170). Kitāb Ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thābitah (Bodleian Library MS. Huntington 212, Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford) Place of Origin: Mosul ([https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/fba70a3f-2cf2-40cd-8d43-017b3eaed5c3/surfaces/416050d0-613d-459f-a498-0da67b4cd4b3/# link]) ]]		[[File:Orion asSufi1170 Bodlein2x.jpg\|thumb\|Orion drawn in an early as-Sufi manuscript (1170). Kitāb Ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thābitah (Bodleian Library MS. Huntington 212, Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford) Place of Origin: Mosul ([https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/fba70a3f-2cf2-40cd-8d43-017b3eaed5c3/surfaces/416050d0-613d-459f-a498-0da67b4cd4b3/# link]) ]]
	The more interesting quesion is whose hand is meant here. Philologically, it is not clear whether or not this Jawzā is a proper name. Usually, in Semitic languages the proper names do not take a definite article (al-) and here we see that there is a definite article. If this word is not a proper name, then it might have been derived from the Arabic root ``jawz~~<nowiki>~~''~~</nowiki>~~ which denotes the ``middle~~<nowiki>''</nowiki>~~ or the ``main part~~<nowiki>''</nowiki>~~ of something. So, yad al-Jawzā could mean ``the hand of the central one~~<nowiki>''</nowiki>~~. Another suggestion understands ~~Jauzā’as~~ a designation of a feminine giant.		The more interesting quesion is whose hand is meant here. Philologically, it is not clear whether or not this Jawzā is a proper name. Usually, in Semitic languages the proper names do not take a definite article (al-) and here we see that there is a definite article. If this word is not a proper name, then it might have been derived from the Arabic root ''jawz'' which denotes the middle or the main part of something. So, ''yad al-Jawzā'' could mean "the hand of the central one". Another suggestion understands Jauzā’ as a designation of a feminine giant.

	* Some people think, it might be the hand of the giant (Greek) hunter Orion but in fact, the star is placed on his shoulder.		* Some people think, it might be the hand of the giant (Greek) hunter Orion but in fact, the star is placed on his shoulder.
	* One hypothesis is that "al-Jawza" was an Indigenous Arabian constellation that covered not only the area of Orion but also Gemini. Then, the figure would be large enough to place her hand in the area of this star. The indigenous pre-Islamic Arabic sky culture apparently identified the constellation of Jawzā with the stars of the zodiacal Twins (Gemini). In contrast, the medieval Arabic sky culture that incorporated the science of the Almagest and therefore, called the stars of Gemini ``the Twins~~<nowiki>''</nowiki>~~ (al-taw’amān), transferred the name of the ``the Giant~~<nowiki>''</nowiki>~~ (al-jabbār) to the Greek hero Orion.<ref name=":0">Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.</ref>		* One hypothesis is that ''al-Jawza'' was an Indigenous Arabian constellation that covered not only the area of Orion but also Gemini. Then, the figure would be large enough to place her hand in the area of this star. The indigenous pre-Islamic Arabic sky culture apparently identified the constellation of Jawzā with the stars of the zodiacal Twins (Gemini). In contrast, the medieval Arabic sky culture that incorporated the science of the Almagest and therefore, called the stars of Gemini "the Twins" (al-taw’amān), transferred the name of the "the Giant" (al-jabbār) to the Greek hero Orion.<ref name=":0">Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.</ref>
	* [[File:FarneseHand stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Hand of the Giant Atlas on the Farnese Globe, mapped to the star chart of Stellarium (SMH 2021).]]Another observation points out that the hand of the giant (titan) Atlas is placed in this area on the ancient marble globe of the Atlas Farnese<ref>Thiele, G. (1898), Antike Himmelsbilder, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin.</ref>. It dates to Roman epochs (1st or 2nd century CE) but certainly is a copy of a Hellenistic original. Note that Arabic drawings of the constellation of Orion resemble rather the kneeling hunter as shown on the Farnese Globe (Strohmaier 1984, 83)<ref>Strohmaier, G. (1984), Die Sterne des Abd ar-Rahman as-Sufi, Gustav Kiepenheuer Verlag, Leipzig, Weimar (GDR).</ref>. This suggests that the hunter carries an animal skin in order to protect himself from injuries while the hero/ soldier carries a shield. Arabic drawings interpret the animal skin as the long sleeve of the man. This suggests that pictures were inspired by or rooted in the same Greek tradition that is depicted on the Farnese Globe, and that this drawing tradition also influenced the Arabic culture. The original book of as-Sufi in the 10th century probably did not provide labels on stars but only drawings of the constellations (Strohmaier 1984, 36)<ref>Strohmaier, G. (1984), Die Sterne des Abd ar-Rahman as-Sufi, Gustav Kiepenheuer Verlag, Leipzig, Weimar (GDR).</ref>. Later copies of this book (that were produced numerously) labeled the stars and ``The bright reddish star on the right shoulder~~<nowiki>''</nowiki>~~ (Alm. VIII, 1) was occasionally ~~labeled~~ الجوزاء اليمنى , the left [or right] hand of jauzā or منكب الجوزاء , the left [or right] shoulder of jauzā.		* [[File:FarneseHand stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Hand of the Giant Atlas on the Farnese Globe, mapped to the star chart of Stellarium (SMH 2021).]]Another observation points out that the hand of the giant (titan) Atlas is placed in this area on the ancient marble globe of the Atlas Farnese<ref>Thiele, G. (1898), Antike Himmelsbilder, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin.</ref>. It dates to Roman epochs (1st or 2nd century CE) but certainly is a copy of a Hellenistic original. Note that Arabic drawings of the constellation of Orion resemble rather the kneeling hunter as shown on the Farnese Globe (Strohmaier 1984, 83)<ref>Strohmaier, G. (1984), Die Sterne des Abd ar-Rahman as-Sufi, Gustav Kiepenheuer Verlag, Leipzig, Weimar (GDR).</ref>. This suggests that the hunter carries an animal skin in order to protect himself from injuries while the hero/ soldier carries a shield. Arabic drawings interpret the animal skin as the long sleeve of the man. This suggests that pictures were inspired by or rooted in the same Greek tradition that is depicted on the Farnese Globe, and that this drawing tradition also influenced the Arabic culture. The original book of as-Sufi in the 10th century probably did not provide labels on stars but only drawings of the constellations (Strohmaier 1984, 36)<ref>Strohmaier, G. (1984), Die Sterne des Abd ar-Rahman as-Sufi, Gustav Kiepenheuer Verlag, Leipzig, Weimar (GDR).</ref>. Later copies of this book (that were produced numerously) labeled the stars and "The bright reddish star on the right shoulder" (Alm. VIII, 1) was occasionally labelled الجوزاء اليمنى , the left [or right] hand of jauzā or منكب الجوزاء , the left [or right] shoulder of jauzā.

	Hoffmann (2022)<ref>'''Hoffmann, S.M.''' (2022). Multiple Greek Sky Cultures., in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 491-523</ref> points out that there are early modern drawings (Lippincott 2011, their fig. 2a,b<ref>Lippincott, K. (2011), `A Chapter in the Nachleben of the Farnese Atlas: Martin Folke's Globe', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 74, 281--299. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40069056.</ref> and cited image from 1739<ref>Marcus Manilius, Astronomica, ed. Richard Bentley, London 1739</ref>) showing the hands of the Atlas-statue of the Farnese Globe depicted in the image among the constellations. Thus, it may be possible that parallels also existed in late antiquity or the time when the Arabians took over the Almagest-constellations and merged them into their traditional uranography.		Hoffmann (2022)<ref>'''Hoffmann, S.M.''' (2022). Multiple Greek Sky Cultures, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 491-523</ref> points out that there are early modern drawings (Lippincott 2011, their fig. 2a,b<ref>Lippincott, K. (2011), `A Chapter in the Nachleben of the Farnese Atlas: Martin Folke's Globe', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 74, 281--299. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40069056.</ref> and cited image from 1739<ref>Marcus Manilius, Astronomica, ed. Richard Bentley, London 1739</ref>) showing the hands of the Atlas-statue of the Farnese Globe depicted in the image among the constellations. Thus, it may be possible that parallels also existed in late antiquity or the time when the Arabians took over the Almagest-constellations and merged them into their traditional uranography.

	==Mythology==		==Mythology==

	==IAU Working Group on Star Names==		==IAU Working Group on Star Names==
	It was internationally approved because it is in use for long time and documented in Kunitzsch and Smart (2006)<ref name=":0" /> <blockquote>Applied with varied spellings since medieval times, from its ind-A name yad al-jauza', "the Hand of al-jauza'" (The first medieval transliteration into Latin was bedalgeuze, mistaking the initial Arabic letter as "b" instead of "y." In Renaissance times this corruption was erroneously attributed to the assumed Arabic word "bat" [properly ibt], for "the Armpit" of al-jauza', giving rise to the corruption Betelgeuse" seen today. Thus by Renaissance times both the "y" and "d" of the first part of the ind-A name had become corrupted.) The ind-A asterism al-jauza' was a feminine figure represented in the stars of what is today Orion. The origin of its name is unclear (as with nearly all of the ancient group of ind-A names). The root jwz can mean "middle," and the word al-jauza' is structured as a feminine adjective, thus al-jauza' may mean "the female one, having something about her related to the middle." There have been different speculations as to what the "middle" reference, if that is what it is, could be (for one example). The ind-Arabs' al-jauza' corresponded to what in other cultures was Gemini among the zodiacal signs. The sci-Arabs subsequently used the indigenous name for both the Greek Orion and Twins, leading to some confusion in star names between the two constellations. An alternative sci-A name for Orion was al-jabbar, "the Giant" and for Gemini, al-taw'aman, "the Twins."</blockquote>		It was internationally approved because it is in use for long time and documented in Kunitzsch and Smart (2006)<ref name=":0" /> <blockquote>Applied with varied spellings since medieval times, from its ind-A name yad al-jauza', "the Hand of al-jauza'" (The first medieval transliteration into Latin was bedalgeuze, mistaking the initial Arabic letter as "b" instead of "y". In Renaissance times this corruption was erroneously attributed to the assumed Arabic word "bat" [properly ibt], for "the Armpit" of al-jauza', giving rise to the corruption Betelgeuse seen today. Thus by Renaissance times both the "y" and "d" of the first part of the ind-A name had become corrupted.) The ind-A asterism al-jauza' was a feminine figure represented in the stars of what is today Orion. The origin of its name is unclear (as with nearly all of the ancient group of ind-A names). The root jwz can mean "middle", and the word al-jauza' is structured as a feminine adjective, thus al-jauza' may mean "the female one, having something about her related to the middle". There have been different speculations as to what the "middle" reference, if that is what it is, could be (for one example). The ind-Arabs' al-jauza' corresponded to what in other cultures was Gemini among the zodiacal signs. The sci-Arabs subsequently used the indigenous name for both the Greek Orion and Twins, leading to some confusion in star names between the two constellations. An alternative sci-A name for Orion was al-jabbar, "the Giant", and for Gemini, al-taw'aman, "the Twins".</blockquote>
	The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/06/30.		The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/06/30.