Cancer - Revision history

IanRidpath: /* Almagest Καρκίνος. */ OCR errors

2026-05-20T10:51:43Z

Almagest Καρκίνος.: OCR errors

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:51, 20 May 2026
Line 216:		Line 216:
	\|2		\|2
	\|τοῦ περὶ τὸ νεφέλιου τετραπλεύρου τῶν προηγουμένωυ β' ὁ βορειότεροςὁ βορειότερος		\|τοῦ περὶ τὸ νεφέλιου τετραπλεύρου τῶν προηγουμένωυ β' ὁ βορειότεροςὁ βορειότερος
	\|The ~~quadri!ateral~~ containing the nebula: the northernmost of the two stars in advance		\|The quadrilateral containing the nebula: the northernmost of the two stars in advance
	\|eta Cnc		\|eta Cnc
	\|-		\|-
	\|3		\|3
	\|ὁ νοτιῶτερος τῶν προηγουμένωυ β'		\|ὁ νοτιῶτερος τῶν προηγουμένωυ β'
	\|The ~~quadri!ateral~~ containing the nebula: the southernmost of the two stars in advance		\|The quadrilateral containing the nebula: the southernmost of the two stars in advance
	\|tet Cnc		\|tet Cnc
	\|-		\|-
	\|4		\|4
	\|τῶν ἐπομένων τοῦ τετραπλεύρου β καλουμένων δὲ Ὅνων ὁ βόρειος		\|τῶν ἐπομένων τοῦ τετραπλεύρου β καλουμένων δὲ Ὅνων ὁ βόρειος
	\|The ~~quadri!ateral~~ containing the nebula: the northernmost of thc rear 2 stars on the quadrilateral, which are called 'Aselli'		\|The quadrilateral containing the nebula: the northernmost of thc rear 2 stars on the quadrilateral, which are called 'Aselli'
	\|gam Cnc		\|gam Cnc
	\|-		\|-
	\|5		\|5
	\|ὁ νότιος τῶν προειρημένων β.		\|ὁ νότιος τῶν προειρημένων β.
	\|The ~~quadri!ateral~~ containing the nebula: the southernmost of these two		\|The quadrilateral containing the nebula: the southernmost of these two
	\|del Cnc		\|del Cnc
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς βορείου χηλῆς		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς βορείου χηλῆς
	\|Thc star on the ~~northcrn~~ claw		\|Thc star on the northern claw
	\|iot Cnc		\|iot Cnc
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀπισθίου βορείου ποδός		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀπισθίου βορείου ποδός
	\|The star on ~~thc~~ northern back leg		\|The star on the northern back leg
	\|mu Cnc		\|mu Cnc
	\|-		\|-
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	!		!
	!Οἱ περὶ τὸν Καρκίνου ἀμόρφωτοι.		!Οἱ περὶ τὸν Καρκίνου ἀμόρφωτοι.
	!Stars around Cancer outside the ~~canstcliation~~		!Stars around Cancer outside the constellation
	!		!
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|ὁ ὑπὲρ τὸν ἀγκῶνα τῆς νοτίου χηλῆς.		\|ὁ ὑπὲρ τὸν ἀγκῶνα τῆς νοτίου χηλῆς.
	\|The star ~~ovcr~~ the joint in the southern ~~c!aw~~		\|The star over the joint in the southern claw
	\|pi Cnc		\|pi Cnc
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|ὁ ἐπόμενος τῷ ἄκρῳ τῆς νοτίου χηλῆς.		\|ὁ ἐπόμενος τῷ ἄκρῳ τῆς νοτίου χηλῆς.
	\|The star to ~~thc~~ rear of the tip of ~~thc sauthern~~ claw		\|The star to the rear of the tip of the southern claw
	\|kap Cnc		\|kap Cnc
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|τῶν ἐπομένων ὑπὲρ τὸ νεφέλιον β ὁ προηγούμενος		\|τῶν ἐπομένων ὑπὲρ τὸ νεφέλιον β ὁ προηγούμενος
	\|The more advanced ~~afthe twa~~ stars over the nebula and ta the ~~rearofit~~		\|The more advanced of the two stars over the nebula and to the rear of it
	\|nu Cnc		\|nu Cnc
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|ὁ ἐπόμενος αὐτῶν		\|ὁ ἐπόμενος αὐτῶν
	\|The rearmost of ~~thcse~~ [two]		\|The rearmost of these [two]
	\|xi Cnc		\|xi Cnc
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 11:53, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T11:53:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:53, 19 May 2026
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	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
	[[Category:Zodiac]] [[Category:Cnc]]		[[Category:Zodiac]] [[Category:Cnc]]
	~~[[Category:4work]]~~

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Added Warburg link

2026-05-19T08:09:21Z

Weblinks: Added Warburg link

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:09, 19 May 2026
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	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==
	* Ridpath, Ian, “[http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/cancer.html Star Tales: online edition]”.		* Ridpath, Ian, “[http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/cancer.html Star Tales: online edition]”.
			*[https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017062 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Cancer]

	==References==		==References==

YoulaAzkarrula at 01:40, 18 May 2026

2026-05-18T01:40:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:40, 18 May 2026
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	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Almagest]]		[[Category:Almagest]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]

YoulaAzkarrula at 01:37, 18 May 2026

2026-05-18T01:37:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:37, 18 May 2026
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	[[Category:Almagest]]		[[Category:Almagest]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
	[[Category:Zodiac]]		[[Category:Zodiac]] [[Category:Cnc]]
	[[Category:4work]]		[[Category:4work]]

Sushoff: /* Rising (Lib III Cap III §1) */

2026-02-27T18:14:28Z

Rising (Lib III Cap III §1)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:14, 27 February 2026
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	\|}		\|}

	====== Setting (Lib II Cap ~~VI §10~~) ======		====== Setting (Lib III Cap IV §1) ======
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!		!
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Gem 26 1/2
	\|		\|Cnc 19 1/2
	\|		\|Lib 17
	\|		\|Sco 12
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the bright one in the southern leg of The Crab which is lying on a straight line with the those West of the nebular patch in the crab
	\|		\|the one at the end of the northern claw of the crab
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|~~2 2~~/3 hours = ~~160~~ min = ~~40°~~		\| colspan="4" \|1 3/5 hours = 96 min = 24°
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff at 17:23, 27 February 2026

2026-02-27T17:23:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:23, 27 February 2026
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	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

	====== Rising (Lib II Cap ~~V §10~~) ======		====== Rising (Lib III Cap III §1) ======
	<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>		<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Gem 23
	\|		\|Cnc 18
	\|		\|Psc 5
	\|		\|Ari 1/2
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the one at the end of the northern claw
	\|		\|the one at the end of the southern claw
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = ~~127.5~~ min = ~~31 7/8~~ degree		\| colspan="4" \|1 2/3 hours = 100 min = 25 degree
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff at 11:49, 27 February 2026

2026-02-27T11:49:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 27 February 2026
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	===Origin of Constellation===		===Origin of Constellation===
	Cancer is documented as a constellation as early as the -2nd millennium, although there are only faint stars in this region of the sky and it was and is difficult to imagine an animal in it. An eye-catching open star cluster glitters conspicuously on moonless nights. It is called Praesepe (Latin for the manger), and the names of the two little stars next to the star cluster also fit this image: ‘northern’ and ‘southern donkey’.		<ref>Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>Cancer is documented as a constellation as early as the -2nd millennium, although there are only faint stars in this region of the sky and it was and is difficult to imagine an animal in it. An eye-catching open star cluster glitters conspicuously on moonless nights. It is called Praesepe (Latin for the manger), and the names of the two little stars next to the star cluster also fit this image: ‘northern’ and ‘southern donkey’.

	Both the name for the star cluster and the names of the stars bordering it are already documented in antiquity. Ptolemy mentions these names in the Almagest star catalogue, Aratos mentions them, and Eratosthenes presents two completely different, somewhat far-fetched stories for them. Since we know that the constellation of Cancer was adopted from Babylon and, therefore, a Greek tale had to be invented for it, the star legends could indicate a deliberate merging of the Babylonian image with that of another subculture in Alexander's empire to form a new Greek image. However, it could also be that the name ‘donkey’ is derived from a double meaning of the cuneiform symbol: Over time, the original cuneiform characters were increasingly simplified and in late Babylonian times (i.e. in Greek times), the sign for ‘crab’ can also be read as ‘10’ and ‘foot’, whereby the sign for foot also had the secondary meaning of mule. This ambiguity of the symbol could have inspired Babylonian scholars to play with words or led to a Greek misunderstanding. If this celestial region, without a distinctive pattern, is described as a footprint, this fits humorously with the Greek myth that Heracles is said to have crushed the crab. The secondary meaning ‘mule’ of the cuneiform symbol may explain why the constellation is understood by some as a crab and by others as a (muzzled) donkey. However, in cuneiform script one would read either ‘the crab’ or ‘ten mules’, which is why the designation of the two stars is a later attribution.		Both the name for the star cluster and the names of the stars bordering it are already documented in antiquity. Ptolemy mentions these names in the Almagest star catalogue, Aratos mentions them, and Eratosthenes presents two completely different, somewhat far-fetched stories for them. Since we know that the constellation of Cancer was adopted from Babylon and, therefore, a Greek tale had to be invented for it, the star legends could indicate a deliberate merging of the Babylonian image with that of another subculture in Alexander's empire to form a new Greek image. However, it could also be that the name ‘donkey’ is derived from a double meaning of the cuneiform symbol: Over time, the original cuneiform characters were increasingly simplified and in late Babylonian times (i.e. in Greek times), the sign for ‘crab’ can also be read as ‘10’ and ‘foot’, whereby the sign for foot also had the secondary meaning of mule. This ambiguity of the symbol could have inspired Babylonian scholars to play with words or led to a Greek misunderstanding. If this celestial region, without a distinctive pattern, is described as a footprint, this fits humorously with the Greek myth that Heracles is said to have crushed the crab. The secondary meaning ‘mule’ of the cuneiform symbol may explain why the constellation is understood by some as a crab and by others as a (muzzled) donkey. However, in cuneiform script one would read either ‘the crab’ or ‘ten mules’, which is why the designation of the two stars is a later attribution.

Sushoff: /* Babylonian */

2026-02-26T20:30:44Z

Babylonian

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:30, 26 February 2026
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	==== Babylonian ====		==== Babylonian ====
			see

			* [[AL.LUL]]
			* ''[[šubtu]]''

	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-02-22T17:34:30Z

Hipparchus

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:34, 22 February 2026
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	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

			====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======
			<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			! colspan="2" \|east
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = 127.5 min = 31 7/8 degree
			\|}

			====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!
			! colspan="2" \|west
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = 160 min = 40°
			\|}

			====== Stars Mentioned ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			!Greek
			!German
			!English
			!ident.
			!src
			!
			!lam_culm
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, first
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, last
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §2
			\|setting CrB, south, last
			\|Psc 13.5
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §13
			\|setting Aql, south, first
			\|Ari 2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib III Cap I §9
			\|rising Ori, south, last
			\|Psc 13
			\|}

	===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====		===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====