Capricornus - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) */

2026-02-27T18:34:52Z

Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:34, 27 February 2026
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	\|}		\|}

	====== Setting (Lib II Cap ~~VI §10~~) ======		====== Setting (Lib III Cap IV §7) ======
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!		!
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Cap 2
	\|		\|Cap 23 1/2
	\|		\|Psc 10 1/2
	\|		\|Ari 9
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the southern one of those in the knees
	\|		\|the rear one of those in the tail
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = ~~160~~ min = ~~40°~~		\| colspan="4" \|1 2/3 hours = 100 min = 25°
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) */

2026-02-27T17:53:03Z

Rising (Lib II Cap V §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 27 February 2026
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	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

	====== Rising (Lib II Cap ~~V §10~~) ======		====== Rising (Lib III Cap III §7) ======
	<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>		<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Sgr 28 1/2
	\|		\|Cap 27
	\|		\|Lib 18 1/2
	\|		\|Sco 18
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the northern one of the bright in the horns
	\|		\|the rear one of the bright in the tail
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = ~~127.5~~ min = ~~31 7~~/8 degree		\| colspan="4" \|1 5/6 hours = 110 min = 27 1/2 degree
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff at 11:51, 27 February 2026

2026-02-27T11:51:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:51, 27 February 2026
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	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	===Origin of Constellation===		===Origin of Constellation===
	The origin is Mesopotamian.		The origin is Mesopotamian.<ref>Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>

	The figure of the goatfish also reappears in art during the Roman period: a goatfish is depicted on the zodiac of Dendera in Egypt, which dates from the 1st century BC, and in Ptolemy's star catalogue, the names of the stars suggest that he thought the same. Both sources date from the Greco-Roman period, which means that even the depiction in Dendera is no longer truly Egyptian, but rather an Egyptianisation of foreign – i.e. Greek and Babylonian – constellations. The figures depicted here in Egyptian style are a cultural mixture, although it is unclear whether the Babylonian influences came to Egypt directly from Babylon or via the Greek conquerors.		The figure of the goatfish also reappears in art during the Roman period: a goatfish is depicted on the zodiac of Dendera in Egypt, which dates from the 1st century BCE, and in Ptolemy's star catalogue, the names of the stars suggest that he thought the same. Both sources date from the Greco-Roman period, which means that even the depiction in Dendera is no longer truly Egyptian, but rather an Egyptianisation of foreign – i.e. Greek and Babylonian – constellations. The figures depicted here in Egyptian style are a cultural mixture, although it is unclear whether the Babylonian influences came to Egypt directly from Babylon or via the Greek conquerors.

	The figure of the goat fish has been used equally in Arabic and Latin medieval times since at least late antiquity, thus extending from Ptolemy to the last pictorial star charts in the 18th/19th century. In English, this figure is usually called ‘Capricorn’, although in Greek it actually means ‘the goat-horned’. The official name of the constellation in the IAU is also ‘Sea-Goat’, so the German form ‘Steinbock’ is simply a misnomer.		The figure of the goat fish has been used equally in Arabic and Latin medieval times since at least late antiquity, thus extending from Ptolemy to the last pictorial star charts in the 18th/19th century. In English, this figure is usually called ‘Capricorn’, although in Greek it actually means ‘the goat-horned’. The official name of the constellation in the IAU is also ‘Sea-Goat’, so the German form ‘Steinbock’ is simply a misnomer.

Sushoff: /* Mythology */

2026-02-26T11:42:57Z

Mythology

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:42, 26 February 2026
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	===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===		===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===

	==Mythology==		==Mythology/ Religion==
	'''Babylonian'''		'''Babylonian'''

Sushoff: /* Mythology */

2026-02-26T11:42:03Z

Mythology

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:42, 26 February 2026
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	==Mythology==		==Mythology==
	'''Babylonian'''		'''Babylonian'''

	In Mesopotamian religion, the goatfish was an attribute or representation of the god Ea. Already in Sumerian times, Ea was considered one of the highest gods and, in the Babylonian pantheon, the one who always helped humans when other gods wanted to punish them. Illnesses were also interpreted as punishment from the gods, and the goatfish was the benign demon associated with Ea who helped people recover.		In Mesopotamian religion, the goatfish was an attribute or representation of the god Ea. Already in Sumerian times, Ea was considered one of the highest gods and, in the Babylonian pantheon, the one who always helped humans when other gods wanted to punish them. Illnesses were also interpreted as punishment from the gods, and the goatfish was the benign demon associated with Ea who helped people recover.

	'''Greek'''		'''Greek'''

Sushoff at 11:41, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T11:41:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:41, 26 February 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Capricornus IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Cap star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]		[[File:Capricornus IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Cap star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
	~~One~~ of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]].		Capricornus, The Goat-Horned, is one of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. This hybrid creature, half fish, half goat, is a faithful companion of Ea, the Babylonian god of wisdom. It is certain that this constellation came from Babylon with the zodiac. There it was called the goat-fish and was a benign demon used in numerous cults, e.g. in the cult of medicine. It was therefore often depicted in images – not necessarily the constellation itself, but illustrations of the demon have been preserved in reliefs and sculptures.

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	The Greek ~~constellation .~~..		===Origin of Constellation===
			The origin is Mesopotamian.

			The figure of the goatfish also reappears in art during the Roman period: a goatfish is depicted on the zodiac of Dendera in Egypt, which dates from the 1st century BC, and in Ptolemy's star catalogue, the names of the stars suggest that he thought the same. Both sources date from the Greco-Roman period, which means that even the depiction in Dendera is no longer truly Egyptian, but rather an Egyptianisation of foreign – i.e. Greek and Babylonian – constellations. The figures depicted here in Egyptian style are a cultural mixture, although it is unclear whether the Babylonian influences came to Egypt directly from Babylon or via the Greek conquerors.

			The figure of the goat fish has been used equally in Arabic and Latin medieval times since at least late antiquity, thus extending from Ptolemy to the last pictorial star charts in the 18th/19th century. In English, this figure is usually called ‘Capricorn’, although in Greek it actually means ‘the goat-horned’. The official name of the constellation in the IAU is also ‘Sea-Goat’, so the German form ‘Steinbock’ is simply a misnomer.

	~~===Origin~~ of ~~Constellation===~~		According to Eratosthenes, this refers to a deity that resembles Aigipan in appearance, because the depiction is inspired by him. Eratosthenes describes him as a figure with the lower body of an animal and horns on his head. However, the upper body is that of a man. On the Farnese Globe, whose model dates back to Hellenistic times, only the goat's head is depicted. The rest of the figure is missing due to architectural features that obscure the globe in this southernmost region of the sky. Since it is a goat's head and chest and not a human head with horns, the depiction here is probably also intended to be a goatfish and not an Aigipan.

	==== Babylonian ====		==== Babylonian ====
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	==Mythology==		==Mythology==
			'''Babylonian'''
			In Mesopotamian religion, the goatfish was an attribute or representation of the god Ea. Already in Sumerian times, Ea was considered one of the highest gods and, in the Babylonian pantheon, the one who always helped humans when other gods wanted to punish them. Illnesses were also interpreted as punishment from the gods, and the goatfish was the benign demon associated with Ea who helped people recover.
			'''Greek'''

			It is unclear whether Aigipan is always equivalent to Pan. In any case, this deity is probably a foster brother of Zeus. Aigipan therefore supported the Olympian gods in their battle against the Titans. He is said to have found a shell, which is called ‘pan’ because of the sound it makes. When the Titans heard this sound, they fled.

	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-02-22T17:35:43Z

Hipparchus

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:35, 22 February 2026
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	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

			====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======
			<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			! colspan="2" \|east
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = 127.5 min = 31 7/8 degree
			\|}

			====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!
			! colspan="2" \|west
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = 160 min = 40°
			\|}

			====== Stars Mentioned ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			!Greek
			!German
			!English
			!ident.
			!src
			!
			!lam_culm
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, first
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, last
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §2
			\|setting CrB, south, last
			\|Psc 13.5
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §13
			\|setting Aql, south, first
			\|Ari 2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib III Cap I §9
			\|rising Ori, south, last
			\|Psc 13
			\|}

	===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====		===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Almagest Αἰγόκερως. */

2026-02-06T10:15:59Z

Almagest Αἰγόκερως.

Show changes

Sushoff at 13:14, 20 January 2026

2026-01-20T13:14:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:14, 20 January 2026
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			Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Capricornus IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Cap star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]		[[File:Capricornus IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Cap star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
	One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]].		One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]].

Sushoff at 13:26, 5 September 2025

2025-09-05T13:26:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:26, 5 September 2025
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	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
	[[Category:European]]		[[Category:European]][[Category:Zodiac]]
	[[Category:4work]]		[[Category:4work]]