Capricornus - Revision history

IanRidpath: /* Almagest Αἰγόκερως. */ OCR errors, duplicated line

2026-05-20T11:12:59Z

Almagest Αἰγόκερως.: OCR errors, duplicated line

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 20 May 2026
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	\|5		\|5
	\|τῶν ἐν τῷ ῥόγχει γ' ὁ φότιος.		\|τῶν ἐν τῷ ῥόγχει γ' ὁ φότιος.
	\|The ~~star on~~ the ~~tip of~~ the ~~advance horn~~		\|The southernmost of the 3 stars in the muzzle
	\|omi Cap		\|omi Cap
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|τῶν ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαυ συνεχῶν β’ ὁ ἠγούμενος		\|τῶν ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαυ συνεχῶν β’ ὁ ἠγούμενος
	\|The more advanced of the 2 stars close ~~tagether~~ under the belly		\|The more advanced of the 2 stars close together under the belly
	\|zet Cap		\|zet Cap
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|ὁ ἐπόμενος αὐτῶν.		\|ὁ ἐπόμενος αὐτῶν.
	\|The ~~rcarmost~~ of these		\|The rearmost of these
	\|36 Cap		\|36 Cap
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|ὁ ἐπόμενος αὐτῶν		\|ὁ ἐπόμενος αὐτῶν
	\|The ~~rcannost~~ of them		\|The reamost of them
	\|kap Cap		\|kap Cap
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|τῶν ἐν τῷ παρούρῳ ῇ ὁ προηγούμενος.		\|τῶν ἐν τῷ παρούρῳ ῇ ὁ προηγούμενος.
	\|The more advanced ~~ofthe~~ 2 stars in the section [~~ofthe~~ body] next to the tail		\|The more advanced of the 2 stars in the section [of the body] next to the tail
	\|gam Cap		\|gam Cap
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ βορείου μέρους τῆς οὐρᾶς δ ὁ προηγούμενος.		\|τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ βορείου μέρους τῆς οὐρᾶς δ ὁ προηγούμενος.
	\|~~Tbc~~ most advanccd of the 4 stars on thc northern portion of the tail		\|The most advanccd of the 4 stars on thc northern portion of the tail
	\|42 Cap		\|42 Cap
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν		\|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν
	\|Thc ~~midd!e~~ one of ~~thcsc~~		\|Thc middle one of these
	\|lam Cap		\|lam Cap
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|ὁ βόρειος αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπ’ ἄκρου τοῦ οὐραίου,		\|ὁ βόρειος αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπ’ ἄκρου τοῦ οὐραίου,
	\|The northernmost of them, on the end of the tail-~~lin~~		\|The northernmost of them, on the end of the tail-fin
	\|46 Cap		\|46 Cap
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|ἀστέρες κη, ὥν γ’ μεγέθους ὅ, δ’ ὅ, ε θ,ς ς.		\|ἀστέρες κη, ὥν γ’ μεγέθους ὅ, δ’ ὅ, ε θ,ς ς.
	\|28 stars, 4 of the third ~~rnagnitude~~, 9 of the fourth, 9 of the fifth, 6 of the sixth		\|{28 stars, 4 of the third magnitude, 9 of the fourth, 9 of the fifth, 6 of the sixth}
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* References */

2026-05-19T12:04:01Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 19 May 2026
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	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] [[Category:Cap]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] [[Category:Cap]]
	[[Category:European]][[Category:Zodiac]]		[[Category:European]][[Category:Zodiac]]
	~~[[Category:4work]]~~

Sushoff at 12:03, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T12:03:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 19 May 2026
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	<blockquote>Capricorn lies ahead and lower down, where the powerful sun turns back. [287] In that month I hope you will not be surged about by the sea through taking to open waters. Neither by day can you make much headway, for the days pass most swiftly then, [290] nor in your terror by night will the dawn come soon, however much you cry out. It is then that the dread southerlies strike, when the sun meets up with Capricorn; then the icy cold from Zeus is more cruel to the freezing sailor. But for that matter [295] the sea surges under the stem all the year long; and we, like diving shearwaters, often sit gazing round the ocean from our ships, turning our eyes towards the beaches; but the surf there is still far off, and only a little timber keeps death away. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote>		<blockquote>Capricorn lies ahead and lower down, where the powerful sun turns back. [287] In that month I hope you will not be surged about by the sea through taking to open waters. Neither by day can you make much headway, for the days pass most swiftly then, [290] nor in your terror by night will the dawn come soon, however much you cry out. It is then that the dread southerlies strike, when the sun meets up with Capricorn; then the icy cold from Zeus is more cruel to the freezing sailor. But for that matter [295] the sea surges under the stem all the year long; and we, like diving shearwaters, often sit gazing round the ocean from our ships, turning our eyes towards the beaches; but the surf there is still far off, and only a little timber keeps death away. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote>
	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
			<blockquote></blockquote>
	~~===== Ovid, Fasti 1 =====~~
	<blockquote>~~[651] When that is over, thou wilt quit Capricorn, O Phoebus, and wilt take thy course through the sign of the youth who carries water (Aquarius). (James George Frazer 1931)~~</blockquote>

	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====
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	\|Lib III Cap I §9		\|Lib III Cap I §9
	\|rising Ori, south, last		\|rising Ori, south, last
	\|~~Psc 13~~		\|
	\|}		\|}<blockquote></blockquote>

	~~===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====~~
	<blockquote>This sign resembles Aegipan, whom Jupiter wished to be put among the constellations because he was nourished with him, just as he put the goat nurse we have mentioned before. He, first, as Eratosthenes says, when Jupiter attacked the Titans, is said to have cast into the enemy the fear that is called panikos. The lower part of his body has fish formation, because he hurled shellfish against the enemy, too, instead of stones.

	Egyptian priests and some poets say that once when many gods had assembled in Egypt, suddenly Typhon, an exceedingly fierce monster and deadly enemy of the gods, came to that place. Terrified by him, they changed their shapes into other forms: Mercury became an ibis, Apollo, the bird that is called Thracian, Diana, a cat. For this reason they say the Egyptians do not permit these creatures to be injured, because they are called representations of gods. At this same time, they say, Pan cast himself into the river, making the lower part of his body a fish, and the rest a goat, and thus escaped from Typhon. Jove, admiring his shrewdness, put his likeness among the constellations. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote>

	===== Geminos =====		===== Geminos =====
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	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
	[[File:Aigokeros Youla CH.png\|thumb\|Convex Hull for the stars inside Aigokeros (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]
			===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====
			<blockquote>This sign resembles Aegipan, whom Jupiter wished to be put among the constellations because he was nourished with him, just as he put the goat nurse we have mentioned before. He, first, as Eratosthenes says, when Jupiter attacked the Titans, is said to have cast into the enemy the fear that is called panikos. The lower part of his body has fish formation, because he hurled shellfish against the enemy, too, instead of stones.

			Egyptian priests and some poets say that once when many gods had assembled in Egypt, suddenly Typhon, an exceedingly fierce monster and deadly enemy of the gods, came to that place. Terrified by him, they changed their shapes into other forms: Mercury became an ibis, Apollo, the bird that is called Thracian, Diana, a cat. For this reason they say the Egyptians do not permit these creatures to be injured, because they are called representations of gods. At this same time, they say, Pan cast himself into the river, making the lower part of his body a fish, and the rest a goat, and thus escaped from Typhon. Jove, admiring his shrewdness, put his likeness among the constellations. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote>

			===== Ovid, Fasti 1 =====
			<blockquote>[651] When that is over, thou wilt quit Capricorn, O Phoebus, and wilt take thy course through the sign of the youth who carries water (Aquarius). (James George Frazer 1931)</blockquote>[[File:Aigokeros Youla CH.png\|thumb\|Convex Hull for the stars inside Aigokeros (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]

	===== Stars within the Constellation Area =====		===== Stars within the Constellation Area =====

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Added Warburg link

2026-05-19T08:35:45Z

Weblinks: Added Warburg link

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:35, 19 May 2026
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	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

	*		* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017068 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Capricornus]

	==References==		==References==

YoulaAzkarrula at 01:43, 18 May 2026

2026-05-18T01:43:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:43, 18 May 2026
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	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Almagest]]		[[Category:Almagest]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] [[Category:Cap]]
	[[Category:European]][[Category:Zodiac]]		[[Category:European]][[Category:Zodiac]]
	[[Category:4work]]		[[Category:4work]]

Sushoff: /* Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) */

2026-02-27T18:34:52Z

Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:34, 27 February 2026
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	\|}		\|}

	====== Setting (Lib II Cap ~~VI §10~~) ======		====== Setting (Lib III Cap IV §7) ======
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!		!
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Cap 2
	\|		\|Cap 23 1/2
	\|		\|Psc 10 1/2
	\|		\|Ari 9
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the southern one of those in the knees
	\|		\|the rear one of those in the tail
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = ~~160~~ min = ~~40°~~		\| colspan="4" \|1 2/3 hours = 100 min = 25°
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) */

2026-02-27T17:53:03Z

Rising (Lib II Cap V §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 27 February 2026
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	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

	====== Rising (Lib II Cap ~~V §10~~) ======		====== Rising (Lib III Cap III §7) ======
	<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>		<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Sgr 28 1/2
	\|		\|Cap 27
	\|		\|Lib 18 1/2
	\|		\|Sco 18
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the northern one of the bright in the horns
	\|		\|the rear one of the bright in the tail
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = ~~127.5~~ min = ~~31 7~~/8 degree		\| colspan="4" \|1 5/6 hours = 110 min = 27 1/2 degree
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff at 11:51, 27 February 2026

2026-02-27T11:51:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:51, 27 February 2026
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	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	===Origin of Constellation===		===Origin of Constellation===
	The origin is Mesopotamian.		The origin is Mesopotamian.<ref>Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>

	The figure of the goatfish also reappears in art during the Roman period: a goatfish is depicted on the zodiac of Dendera in Egypt, which dates from the 1st century BC, and in Ptolemy's star catalogue, the names of the stars suggest that he thought the same. Both sources date from the Greco-Roman period, which means that even the depiction in Dendera is no longer truly Egyptian, but rather an Egyptianisation of foreign – i.e. Greek and Babylonian – constellations. The figures depicted here in Egyptian style are a cultural mixture, although it is unclear whether the Babylonian influences came to Egypt directly from Babylon or via the Greek conquerors.		The figure of the goatfish also reappears in art during the Roman period: a goatfish is depicted on the zodiac of Dendera in Egypt, which dates from the 1st century BCE, and in Ptolemy's star catalogue, the names of the stars suggest that he thought the same. Both sources date from the Greco-Roman period, which means that even the depiction in Dendera is no longer truly Egyptian, but rather an Egyptianisation of foreign – i.e. Greek and Babylonian – constellations. The figures depicted here in Egyptian style are a cultural mixture, although it is unclear whether the Babylonian influences came to Egypt directly from Babylon or via the Greek conquerors.

	The figure of the goat fish has been used equally in Arabic and Latin medieval times since at least late antiquity, thus extending from Ptolemy to the last pictorial star charts in the 18th/19th century. In English, this figure is usually called ‘Capricorn’, although in Greek it actually means ‘the goat-horned’. The official name of the constellation in the IAU is also ‘Sea-Goat’, so the German form ‘Steinbock’ is simply a misnomer.		The figure of the goat fish has been used equally in Arabic and Latin medieval times since at least late antiquity, thus extending from Ptolemy to the last pictorial star charts in the 18th/19th century. In English, this figure is usually called ‘Capricorn’, although in Greek it actually means ‘the goat-horned’. The official name of the constellation in the IAU is also ‘Sea-Goat’, so the German form ‘Steinbock’ is simply a misnomer.

Sushoff: /* Mythology */

2026-02-26T11:42:57Z

Mythology

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:42, 26 February 2026
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	===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===		===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===

	==Mythology==		==Mythology/ Religion==
	'''Babylonian'''		'''Babylonian'''

Sushoff: /* Mythology */

2026-02-26T11:42:03Z

Mythology

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:42, 26 February 2026
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	==Mythology==		==Mythology==
	'''Babylonian'''		'''Babylonian'''

	In Mesopotamian religion, the goatfish was an attribute or representation of the god Ea. Already in Sumerian times, Ea was considered one of the highest gods and, in the Babylonian pantheon, the one who always helped humans when other gods wanted to punish them. Illnesses were also interpreted as punishment from the gods, and the goatfish was the benign demon associated with Ea who helped people recover.		In Mesopotamian religion, the goatfish was an attribute or representation of the god Ea. Already in Sumerian times, Ea was considered one of the highest gods and, in the Babylonian pantheon, the one who always helped humans when other gods wanted to punish them. Illnesses were also interpreted as punishment from the gods, and the goatfish was the benign demon associated with Ea who helped people recover.

	'''Greek'''		'''Greek'''