Chugao - Revision history

Sushoff at 05:48, 10 October 2026

2026-10-10T05:48:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:48, 10 October 2026
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	[[File:Chugao in Stellarium.png\|alt=Chugao in Stellarium\|thumb\|Chugao in Stellarium]]		[[File:Chugao in Stellarium.png\|alt=Chugao in Stellarium\|thumb\|Chugao in Stellarium]]
	{{Infobox constellation\|name=Chugao (蒭藁)\|native=蒭藁\|translation=Hay\|pronounce=Chú Gǎo\|IPA=/t͡ʂʰu˧˥.kɑʊ˨˩˦/\|culture=Chinese\|RA=35.50895833 to 40.39520833\|dec=-15.24663889 to -9.454111111\|areatotal=0\|numbermainstars=6\|numberbfstars=3\|numberstarsplanets=\|numberbrightstars=0\|numbernearbystars=\|brighteststarname=σ Cet\|starmagnitude=4.75\|neareststarname=\|stardistance=\|numbermessierobjects=\|meteorshowers=\|bordering=Cet\|notes=\|cat=constellation}}		{{Infobox constellation\|name=Chugao (蒭藁)\|native=蒭藁\|translation=Hay\|pronounce=Chú Gǎo\|IPA=/t͡ʂʰu˧˥.kɑʊ˨˩˦/\|culture=Chinese\|RA=35.50895833 to 40.39520833\|dec=-15.24663889 to -9.454111111\|areatotal=0\|numbermainstars=6\|numberbfstars=3\|numberstarsplanets=\|numberbrightstars=0\|numbernearbystars=\|brighteststarname=σ Cet\|starmagnitude=4.75\|neareststarname=\|stardistance=\|numbermessierobjects=\|meteorshowers=\|bordering=Cet\|notes=\|cat=constellation}}
			[[File:Water reflection of a boy feeding hay to a cow in a paddy field at golden hour in Laos.jpg\|thumb\|'''boy feeding hay to a cow in a paddy field at golden hour in Laos''']]
	Chú Gǎo (蒭藁, Hay) is a Chinese asterism belonging to the Mǎo (昴, Hairy Head) lunar mansion. Among the Three Schools, it is classified as an external constellation of the Gan School (甘氏). The asterism consists of six stars located to the west of Tiānyuàn (天苑, Celestial Meadow), within the modern constellation [[Cetus]].		Chú Gǎo (蒭藁, Hay) is a Chinese asterism belonging to the Mǎo (昴, Hairy Head) lunar mansion. Among the Three Schools, it is classified as an external constellation of the Gan School (甘氏). The asterism consists of six stars located to the west of Tiānyuàn (天苑, Celestial Meadow), within the modern constellation [[Cetus]].

HaochengLyu: Added ancient star maps

2026-09-30T08:55:44Z

Added ancient star maps

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:55, 30 September 2026
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	!same in Stellarium		!same in Stellarium
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	\|		\|[[File:Chugao in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.png\|alt=Chugao in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido\|thumb\|Chugao in ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'']]
	\| rowspan="3" \|		\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Chugao before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023).png\|alt=Chugao before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)\|thumb\|Chugao before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)]]
	\| rowspan="5" \|[[File:Chugao in Stellarium.png\|alt=Chugao in Stellarium\|thumb\|Chugao before later Ming dynasty in Stellarium, with early (before the Northern Song Dynasty) forms of connections]][[File:Chugao in Stellarium, with the connection form in the late period (Northern Song Dynasty and later).png\|alt=Chugao in Stellarium, with the connection form in the late period (Northern Song Dynasty and later)\|thumb\|Chugao in Stellarium, with the connection form in the late period (Northern Song Dynasty and later)]]		\| rowspan="5" \|[[File:Chugao in Stellarium.png\|alt=Chugao in Stellarium\|thumb\|Chugao before later Ming dynasty in Stellarium, with early (before the Northern Song Dynasty) forms of connections]][[File:Chugao in Stellarium, with the connection form in the late period (Northern Song Dynasty and later).png\|alt=Chugao in Stellarium, with the connection form in the late period (Northern Song Dynasty and later)\|thumb\|Chugao in Stellarium, with the connection form in the late period (Northern Song Dynasty and later)]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|[[File:Chugao in Dunhuang Star Map.png\|alt=Chugao in Dunhuang Star Map\|thumb\|Chugao in Dunhuang Star Map]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|[[File:Chugao in Geziyuejintu.png\|alt=Chugao in Geziyuejintu\|thumb\|Chugao in ''Geziyuejintu'']]
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	\|		\|[[File:Chugao in Xinyixiangfayao Star Map.png\|alt=Chugao in Xinyixiangfayao Star Map\|thumb\|Chugao in ''Xinyixiangfayao'' Star Map]]
	\| rowspan="2" \|		\| rowspan="2" \|[[File:Chugao in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009).png\|alt=Chugao in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)\|thumb\|Chugao in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)]][[File:Chugao in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023).png\|alt=Chugao in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)\|thumb\|Chugao in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)]]
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	\|		\|[[File:Chugao in Suzhou Star Map.png\|alt=Chugao in Suzhou Star Map\|thumb\|Chugao in Suzhou Star Map]]
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	\|		\|[[File:Chugao in Yixiang Kaocheng star map of 18th century.png\|alt=Chugao in Yixiang Kaocheng star map of 18th century\|thumb\|Chugao in ''Yixiang Kaocheng'' star map of 18th century]]
	\|		\|[[File:Chugao in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on Yixiang Kaocheng Star Catalogue (18th century).png\|alt=Chugao in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on Yixiang Kaocheng Star Catalogue (18th century)\|thumb\|Chugao in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on ''Yixiang Kaocheng'' Star Catalogue (18th century)]]
	\|[[File:Chugao in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium.png\|alt=Chugao in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium\|thumb\|Chugao in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium]]		\|[[File:Chugao in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium.png\|alt=Chugao in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium\|thumb\|Chugao in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium]]
	\|}		\|}

HaochengLyu: Added new page "Chugao"

2026-09-29T15:42:16Z

Added new page "Chugao"

New page

{{DISPLAYTITLE: Chugao (蒭藁)}}

{{distinguish|}}

Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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[[File:Chugao in Stellarium.png|alt=Chugao in Stellarium|thumb|Chugao in Stellarium]]
{{Infobox constellation|name=Chugao (蒭藁)|native=蒭藁|translation=Hay|pronounce=Chú Gǎo|IPA=/t͡ʂʰu˧˥.kɑʊ˨˩˦/|culture=Chinese|RA=35.50895833 to 40.39520833|dec=-15.24663889 to -9.454111111|areatotal=0|numbermainstars=6|numberbfstars=3|numberstarsplanets=|numberbrightstars=0|numbernearbystars=|brighteststarname=σ Cet|starmagnitude=4.75|neareststarname=|stardistance=|numbermessierobjects=|meteorshowers=|bordering=Cet|notes=|cat=constellation}}

Chú Gǎo (蒭藁, Hay) is a Chinese asterism belonging to the Mǎo (昴, Hairy Head) lunar mansion. Among the Three Schools, it is classified as an external constellation of the Gan School (甘氏). The asterism consists of six stars located to the west of Tiānyuàn (天苑, Celestial Meadow), within the modern constellation [[Cetus]].

== Concordance, Etymology, History ==

The name Chugao is composed of two characters denoting animal feed. ''Chú'' (蒭/芻) refers to fresh-cut green grass or hay; ''gǎo'' (藁) denotes dried stalks of grain crops, such as millet or rice straw. Together, the term signifies fodder and straw — the feed used for cattle, horses, and other livestock. The ''Gan Shi Zan'' (甘氏讚, ''Gan's Eulogy'') explains: "Green grass is called ''chú''; grain stalks are called ''gǎo''." (生草曰蒭，禾稗曰藁)

The asterism's origin is closely tied to both the granary symbolism of the [[Wei (Stomach)|Wèi]] (胃) mansion and the pastoral symbolism of the [[Lou|Lóu]] (婁) mansion. The Gan School locates Chugao six stars west of Tiānyuàn (天苑), the celestial meadow or pasture. Its primary function, as recorded in the ''Jin Shu·Tianwen Zhi'' (晉書·天文志, ''Book of Jin, Treatise on Astronomy''), is to provide fodder for cattle and horses (以供牛馬之食也). Xi Meng (郗萌) records an alternative name: Tiānjī (天積, Celestial Accumulation), explaining that it is the treasury of the Son of Heaven. The ''Huangdi Zhan'' (黄帝占) states that when the stars within Tiānjī are numerous, the hundred storehouses are full; when absent, the stores are dispersed.

The ''Kaiyuan Zhanjing'' (開元占經) also preserves the interpretation of the ''Yu Gong'' (禹貢) that Chugao represents the "service domain" (甸服) — the innermost ring of territory around the royal capital, whose inhabitants were obligated to deliver fodder and grain to the court: "The service domain delivers the bundled and the cut; the stalks are gathered and the ears are reaped, to supply the food of cattle and horses." (甸服入之，以供牛馬之食也)

=== Identification of stars ===

Before the late Ming dynasty, the identification of the six stars of Chugao was relatively consistent. They are located in [[Cetus]] and are generally identified as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
!Star Names or Orders(Qing)
!Han Dynasty (SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>)
!3rd to 6th Century (Boshun Yang<ref name=":12">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023), Pp297-304.</ref>)
!Song Dynaty (Boshun Yang<ref name=":12" />, 1034 CE)
!Song Dynasty (Pan Nai<ref name=":02">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989, Pp220-226.</ref>, 1052 CE)
!Song Dynasty (Boshun Yang<ref name=":12" />, 1052 CE)
!Qing Dynaty (Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981.</ref>, 18th Century)
|-
|1st
| valign="center" |67 Cet
| valign="center" |HIP 11029
| valign="center" |HIP 11029 (determinative)
| valign="center" |HIP 11029
| valign="center" |HIP 11029
| valign="center" |ρ Cet
|-
|2nd
| valign="center" |77 Cet
| valign="center" |HIP 12444
| valign="center" |HIP 12444
| valign="center" |HIP 12444
| valign="center" |HIP 12444
| valign="center" |77 Cet
|-
|3rd
| valign="center" |HIP 11029
| valign="center" |ρ Cet
| valign="center" |ρ Cet
| valign="center" |ρ Cet (determinative)
| valign="center" |ρ Cet (determinative)
| valign="center" |67 Cet
|-
|4th
| valign="center" |ε Cet
| valign="center" |ε Cet (determinative)
| valign="center" |ε Cet
| valign="center" |ε Cet
| valign="center" |ε Cet
| valign="center" |71 Cet
|-
|5th
| valign="center" |ρ Cet
| valign="center" |σ Cet
| valign="center" |σ Cet
| valign="center" |HIP 11348
| valign="center" |σ Cet
| valign="center" |HIP 11029
|-
|6th
| valign="center" |σ Cet
| valign="center" |HIP 12562
| valign="center" |HIP 12562
| valign="center" |σ Cet
| valign="center" |HIP 12562
| valign="center" |ε Cet
|}

=== Maps (Gallery) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!historical map
!modern identification
!same in Stellarium
|-
|
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="5" |[[File:Chugao in Stellarium.png|alt=Chugao in Stellarium|thumb|Chugao before later Ming dynasty in Stellarium, with early (before the Northern Song Dynasty) forms of connections]][[File:Chugao in Stellarium, with the connection form in the late period (Northern Song Dynasty and later).png|alt=Chugao in Stellarium, with the connection form in the late period (Northern Song Dynasty and later)|thumb|Chugao in Stellarium, with the connection form in the late period (Northern Song Dynasty and later)]]
|-
|
|-
|
|-
|
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|
|-
|
|
|[[File:Chugao in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium.png|alt=Chugao in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium|thumb|Chugao in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium]]
|}

== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Chugao" was suggested to be used for ρ Ceti in this constellation, as it is the determinative star in the Northern Song Huangyou star catalogue, and among the historical determinative stars across successive dynasties it is the most suitable in terms of brightness.

Decision: ...

==References ==
[[References (Chinese)]]

[[Category:Asterism ]][[Category:Constellation ]]
[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:East Asian]]
[[Category:Chinese ]]
[[Category:Cet]]
[[Category: ]]