Crater - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Pseudo-Eratosthenes */

2026-08-26T15:01:35Z

Pseudo-Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:01, 26 August 2026
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	==== Pseudo-Eratosthenes ====		==== Pseudo-Eratosthenes ====
	see [[Hydra]]		see [[Hydra]]

			'''Eratosthenes's star catalogue''' can be reconstructed from the list of stars he mentions in the last section of each of the constelllation descriptions. Hoffmann (2017)<ref name=":02">Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> made such a catalogue and used it for computational comparison with Hipparchus's, Ptolemy's and Babylonian data; it is based on the edition and translation by Pamias and Geus (2007)<ref>Eratosthenes: Sternsagen, übersetzt von Pamìas, Jordi und Geus, Klaus, Verlag Utopica, Oberhaid 2007</ref> and presented here in English translation.

	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"

Sushoff: /* Stars Mentioned */

2026-08-26T13:14:05Z

Stars Mentioned

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:14, 26 August 2026
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	\|}		\|}

	====== ~~Stars Mentioned~~ ======		====== Hipparchus's "lost" star Catalogue ======
	{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		The star catalogue of Hipparchus is not preserved. Yet, several scholars have reconstructed it in the past century: Vogt (1925)<ref>Vogt, H., “Versuch einer Wiederherstellung von Hipparchs Fixsternver zeichnis”, <nowiki><i>Astronomische Nachrichten</i></nowiki>, vol. 224, no. 2, Wiley, p. 17, 1925. doi:10.1002/asna.19252240202.</ref>, Grasshoff (1990)<ref>Graßhoff, G., <nowiki><i>The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalogue</i></nowiki>, Springer, New York, 1990 </ref>, Hoffmann (2017)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> and Glover (2026)<ref>Glover, E. (2026). ''The Astronomy of Hipparchus'', Cambridge University Press</ref>. Grasshoff's catalogue and computations are not published digitally, Hoffmann published three versions of the Manitius+Hoffmann<ref>Hipparchus's Lost Star Catalogue (1/2 reconstructed) (Hoffmann, 2017) in VizieR</ref> star lists in the CDS [https://vizier.unistra.fr/ VizieR] "catalog of catalogs", and Glover printed the star lists constellationwise in his book.
	!		{\|class="wikitable"
	!~~Greek~~		\|+ Hipparchus's star in Aquarius (Glover 2026)
	!~~German~~
	!~~English~~		!hipp.Cat.ID
	!ident.		!constStarID
	!~~src~~		!starName
	!		!ident.Bayer
	!~~lam_culm~~		!ident.HIP
			!concordance
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|229
	\|		\|1
	\|		\|
	\|		\|α Crt
	\|		\|53740
	\|~~Lib II Cap V §10~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|rising, east, first~~
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|230
	\|		\|2
	\|		\|
	\|		\|β Crt
	\|		\|54682
	\|~~Lib II Cap V §10~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|rising, east, last~~
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|231
	\|		\|3
	\|		\|
	\|		\|γ Crt
	\|		\|55705
	\|~~Lib II Cap VI §2~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|setting CrB, south, last~~
	~~\|Psc 13.5~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|232
	\|		\|4
	\|		\|
	\|		\|δ Crt
	\|		\|55282
	\|~~Lib II Cap VI §13~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|setting Aql, south, first~~
	~~\|Ari 2~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|233
	\|		\|5
	\|		\|
	\|		\|ε Crt
	\|		\|55687
	\|~~Lib III Cap I §9~~		\|CPAE
	\|~~rising Ori, south, last~~		\|-
	\|~~Psc 13~~		\|234
			\|6
			\|
			\|ζ Crt
			\|57283
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|235
			\|7
			\|
			\|η Crt
			\|58188
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|236
			\|8
			\|
			\|θ Crt
			\|56633
			\|CPAE
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Pseudo-Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T20:41:37Z

Pseudo-Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:41, 24 August 2026
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	==== Pseudo-Eratosthenes ====		==== Pseudo-Eratosthenes ====
			see [[Hydra]]

			{\|class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!erat.Cat.ID
			!constStarID
			!starName
			!ident.Bayer
			!ident.HIP
			!certainty
			\|-
			\|689
			\|1
			\|the Cup [at a considerable distance from the first coil of the Hydra, inclined toward the knees of Virgo] has two dim stars on the rim
			\|eps Crt
			\|55687
			\|2
			\|-
			\|690
			\|2
			\|the Cup has two dim stars on the rim
			\|zeta Crt
			\|57283
			\|2
			\|-
			\|691
			\|3
			\|two in the middle [of the Cup]
			\|delta Crt
			\|55282
			\|1
			\|-
			\|692
			\|4
			\|two in the middle [of the Cup]
			\|gam Crt
			\|55705
			\|1
			\|-
			\|693
			\|5
			\|two near the bottom [of the Cup]
			\|beta Crt
			\|54682
			\|2
			\|-
			\|694
			\|6
			\|two near the bottom [of the Cup]
			\|alpha Crt
			\|53740
			\|2
			\|}

	==== Hipparchus ====		==== Hipparchus ====

Sushoff at 08:50, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T08:50:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:50, 29 July 2026
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	\| cat = Almagest constellation		\| cat = Almagest constellation
	}}		}}
	The constellation crater was created in antiquity, probably due to wordplay. It is unknown whether it happened intentionally or unintentionally. The constellation forms part of the ancient Greek super-constellation of Hydra-Corvus-Crater. As such it is mentioned by Aratus, Eratosthenes, Hipparchus and Ptolemy (and all Greek authors from Hellenistic time on). Greek mythology connects it to the adjacent constellations Hydra and Corvus, more details on mythology in [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/crater.html Ian Ridpath's Star Tales].		The constellation crater was created in antiquity, probably due to wordplay. It is unknown whether it happened intentionally or unintentionally. The constellation forms part of the ancient Greek super-constellation of [[Hydra]]-[[Corvus]]-Crater. As such it is mentioned by Aratus, Eratosthenes, Hipparchus and Ptolemy (and all Greek authors from Hellenistic time on). Greek mythology connects it to the adjacent constellations Hydra and Corvus, more details on mythology in [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/crater.html Ian Ridpath's Star Tales].

	== Etymology & History ==		== Etymology & History ==

Sushoff at 08:49, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T08:49:30Z

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ----
 [[File:Crater IAU.svg|thumb|Crater, IAU and Sky & Telescope.]]
 The constellation crater was created in antiquity, probably due to wordplay. It is unknown whether it happened intentionally or unintentionally. The constellation forms part of the ancient Greek super-constellation of Hydra-Corvus-Crater. As such it is mentioned by Aratus, Eratosthenes, Hipparchus and Ptolemy (and all Greek authors from Hellenistic time on). Greek mythology connects it to the adjacent constellations Hydra and Corvus, more details on mythology in [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/crater.html Ian Ridpath's Star Tales].

IanRidpath: /* The pun which created the constellation */ Fixed opening quotation marks

2026-07-22T12:05:07Z

The pun which created the constellation: Fixed opening quotation marks

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:05, 22 July 2026
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	==== The pun which created the constellation ====		==== The pun which created the constellation ====
	McHugh (2016)<ref>John McHugh (2016), How Cuneiform Puns Inspired Some of the Bizarre Greek Constellations and Asterisms, Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies, 4(2), 69-100</ref> uses the term MUŠ stating that this Sumerian word has the Akkadian counterpart ``ṣēru~~<nowiki>''</nowiki>~~ (also meaning the snake). However, the Akkadian word ``ṣēru~~<nowiki>''</nowiki>~~ is a homonym, i. e. it has two meanings: it can denote a snake or a ceramic jug for wine. This way, astronomers from other cultures (e.g. the Mediterranean ones) could have confused the ṣēru (snake) with the ṣēru (crater) and thus put a crater on the back of Hydra. Compellingly, there is also a preposition ṣēru which means ``on top of, upon~~<nowiki>''</nowiki>~~. McHugh (2016, 87-88) therefore, produces the phrase ``wine-bowl on top of the water-snake~~<nowiki>''</nowiki>~~ from the term MUŠ.		McHugh (2016)<ref>John McHugh (2016), How Cuneiform Puns Inspired Some of the Bizarre Greek Constellations and Asterisms, Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies, 4(2), 69-100</ref> uses the term MUŠ stating that this Sumerian word has the Akkadian counterpart "ṣēru" (also meaning the snake). However, the Akkadian word "ṣēru" is a homonym, i. e. it has two meanings: it can denote a snake or a ceramic jug for wine. This way, astronomers from other cultures (e.g. the Mediterranean ones) could have confused the ṣēru (snake) with the ṣēru (crater) and thus put a crater on the back of Hydra. Compellingly, there is also a preposition ṣēru which means "on top of, upon". McHugh (2016, 87-88) therefore, produces the phrase "wine-bowl on top of the water-snake" from the term MUŠ.

	Kechagias and Hoffmann (2022)<ref>Kechagias and Hoffmann (2022). Intercultural Misunderstandings as a possible Source of Ancient Constellations, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.), Astronomy in Culture - Cultures of Astronomy, tredition, Ahrensburg, 205-234</ref> agree with the first idea concerning the homophony but reject the latter part: "the intercultural misunderstandings of a Sumerian word to transform a special deity to a usual Water-Snake and of a homophonous Akkadian term to change a snake into a wine-bowl, are rather convincing. In contrast, deriving the presence of a raven at the snake's tail from cuneiform wordplays is considered unnecessary."		Kechagias and Hoffmann (2022)<ref>Kechagias and Hoffmann (2022). Intercultural Misunderstandings as a possible Source of Ancient Constellations, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.), Astronomy in Culture - Cultures of Astronomy, tredition, Ahrensburg, 205-234</ref> agree with the first idea concerning the homophony but reject the latter part: "the intercultural misunderstandings of a Sumerian word to transform a special deity to a usual Water-Snake and of a homophonous Akkadian term to change a snake into a wine-bowl, are rather convincing. In contrast, deriving the presence of a raven at the snake's tail from cuneiform wordplays is considered unnecessary."

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Added link

2026-07-22T12:02:49Z

Weblinks: Added link

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:02, 22 July 2026
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	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==
	* Ridpath, Ian, “[http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/corvusandcrater.html ~~Star Tales: online edition~~]”.		* Ridpath, Ian, ''Star Tales'' [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/corvusandcrater.html – Crater]
	*IAU WGSN: [https://exopla.net/sternbilder/historical-images-comparison/ List of ancient images of the IAU-constellations: https://exopla.net]		*IAU WGSN: [https://exopla.net/sternbilder/historical-images-comparison/ List of ancient images of the IAU-constellations: https://exopla.net]
	* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017080 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Crater]		* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017080 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Crater]

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Transfer and Transformation */

2026-06-04T06:29:17Z

Transfer and Transformation

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:29, 4 June 2026
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	== Transfer and Transformation ==		== Transfer and Transformation ==
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Hya kugel smh2024.jpg\|Crater on Hydra: Kugel Globe (1st c. BCE), drawing by SMH 2024.		File:Hya kugel smh2024.jpg\|Crater on Hydra: Kugel Globe (1st c. BCE), drawing by SMH 2024.
	File:Hya+crt+crv stellarium farnese.jpg\|Crater and Corvus on Hydra: Farnese Globe (2nd c. CE, drawing and mapping by SMH 2021)		File:Hya+crt+crv stellarium farnese.jpg\|Crater and Corvus on Hydra: Farnese Globe (2nd c. CE, drawing and mapping by SMH 2021)
	File:Hydra Corvus et Crater - Mercator.jpeg\|Hydra, Crater and Corvus on Mercator Globe (1551)		File:Hydra Corvus et Crater - Mercator.jpeg\|Hydra, Crater and Corvus on Mercator Globe (1551)
Line 333:		Line 333:
	File:Crv+Crt Fortin1795.jpg\|Corvus and Crater in Fortin's Atlas Céleste, 3rd edition (1795).		File:Crv+Crt Fortin1795.jpg\|Corvus and Crater in Fortin's Atlas Céleste, 3rd edition (1795).
	File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Noctua, Corvus, Crater, Sextans Uraniæ, Hydra, Felis, Lupus, Centaurus, Antlia Pneumatica, Argo Navis, and Pyxis Nautica.jpg\|Crater in Hall (1825)		File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Noctua, Corvus, Crater, Sextans Uraniæ, Hydra, Felis, Lupus, Centaurus, Antlia Pneumatica, Argo Navis, and Pyxis Nautica.jpg\|Crater in Hall (1825)
			File:H.A. Rey's stick figure stellarium-027.png\|(1952) H.A. Rey's stick figure of Crater
			File:O. Hlad's stick figure stellarium-027.png\|(1988) O. Hlad's stick figure of Crater
	</gallery>		</gallery>

YoulaAzkarrula at 07:24, 30 May 2026

2026-05-30T07:24:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:24, 30 May 2026
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	[[Category:Ancient Greek]] [[Category:European]]		[[Category:Ancient Greek]] [[Category:European]]
	[[Category:Almagest]]		[[Category:Almagest]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] [[Category:~~Cra~~]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] [[Category:Crt]]
	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]]

IanRidpath: /* Ptolemy's Almagest Κρατήρ */ Missing heading, typos

2026-05-20T12:10:43Z

Ptolemy's Almagest Κρατήρ: Missing heading, typos

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:10, 20 May 2026
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	!		!
	!Κρατῆρος ἀστερισμός		!Κρατῆρος ἀστερισμός
	!		!Constellation of Crater
	!		!
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|ὁ βορειότερος αὐτῶν		\|ὁ βορειότερος αὐτῶν
	\|The northernmost 'of them		\|The northernmost of them
	\|del Crt		\|del Crt
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|ἀστέρες ξ μεγέθους δ΄.		\|ἀστέρες ξ μεγέθους δ΄.
	\|7 stars of fourth magnitude		\|{7 stars of the fourth magnitude}
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}