Cygnus - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-26T15:02:17Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:02, 26 August 2026
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	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
	Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 77-79)<blockquote>'''Var. 1 (Περὶ τοῦ Ὄρνιθος)''': This is the one known as ‘the Great (Bird)’, and depicted as a swan. It is said that Zeus, in the guise of a swan, descended upon Rhamnonte in Attica, where he raped Nemesis. She gave birth to an egg from which, according to the poet Cratinos, Helen was born. And because he had ascended to heaven just as he was, without changing his form, and retaining his swan-like appearance, Zeus placed him amongst the constellations with outstretched wings. </blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2 (Ὄρνιθος)''': This is the one known as “the Great (Bird)”, and depicted as a swan. It is said that Zeus declared his love for Nemesis by taking the form of this animal, for she was constantly changing shape to preserve her virginity, and at that time she was a swan. Thus, having also taken the form of this bird, Zeus descended upon Rhamnonte in Attica, where he raped Nemesis. She gave birth to an egg and, according to the poet Cratinos, from this egg, once hatched, Helen was born. And because he had ascended to heaven in that form, without changing shape, Zeus also placed the figure of the swan amongst the constellations. It has its wings spread, just as it was then.		Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 77-79)<blockquote>'''Var. 1 (Περὶ τοῦ Ὄρνιθος)''': This is the one known as ‘the Great (Bird)’, and depicted as a swan. It is said that Zeus, in the guise of a swan, descended upon Rhamnonte in Attica, where he raped Nemesis. She gave birth to an egg from which, according to the poet Cratinos, Helen was born. And because he had ascended to heaven just as he was, without changing his form, and retaining his swan-like appearance, Zeus placed him amongst the constellations with outstretched wings. </blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2 (Ὄρνιθος)''': This is the one known as “the Great (Bird)”, and depicted as a swan. It is said that Zeus declared his love for Nemesis by taking the form of this animal, for she was constantly changing shape to preserve her virginity, and at that time she was a swan. Thus, having also taken the form of this bird, Zeus descended upon Rhamnonte in Attica, where he raped Nemesis. She gave birth to an egg and, according to the poet Cratinos, from this egg, once hatched, Helen was born. And because he had ascended to heaven in that form, without changing shape, Zeus also placed the figure of the swan amongst the constellations. It has its wings spread, just as it was then.
	Cygnus has one bright star on its head, one on its neck, five on its right wing, five on its left wing, one on its body, and one on its rump, which is the largest star. Fourteen in all.</blockquote>		Cygnus has one bright star on its head, one on its neck, five on its right wing, five on its left wing, one on its body, and one on its rump, which is the largest star. Fourteen in all.</blockquote>'''Eratosthenes's star catalogue''' can be reconstructed from the list of stars he mentions in the last section of each of the constelllation descriptions. Hoffmann (2017)<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> made such a catalogue and used it for computational comparison with Hipparchus's, Ptolemy's and Babylonian data; it is based on the edition and translation by Pamias and Geus (2007)<ref>Eratosthenes: Sternsagen, übersetzt von Pamìas, Jordi und Geus, Klaus, Verlag Utopica, Oberhaid 2007</ref> and presented here in English translation.

	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+

Sushoff: /* Stars Mentioned */

2026-08-26T13:17:47Z

Stars Mentioned

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 26 August 2026
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	\|}		\|}

	====== ~~Stars Mentioned~~ ======		====== Hipparchus's "lost" star Catalogue ======
	{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		The star catalogue of Hipparchus is not preserved. Yet, several scholars have reconstructed it in the past century: Vogt (1925)<ref>Vogt, H., “Versuch einer Wiederherstellung von Hipparchs Fixsternver zeichnis”, <nowiki><i>Astronomische Nachrichten</i></nowiki>, vol. 224, no. 2, Wiley, p. 17, 1925. doi:10.1002/asna.19252240202.</ref>, Grasshoff (1990)<ref>Graßhoff, G., <nowiki><i>The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalogue</i></nowiki>, Springer, New York, 1990 </ref>, Hoffmann (2017)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> and Glover (2026)<ref>Glover, E. (2026). ''The Astronomy of Hipparchus'', Cambridge University Press</ref>. Grasshoff's catalogue and computations are not published digitally, Hoffmann published three versions of the Manitius+Hoffmann<ref>Hipparchus's Lost Star Catalogue (1/2 reconstructed) (Hoffmann, 2017) in VizieR</ref> star lists in the CDS [https://vizier.unistra.fr/ VizieR] "catalog of catalogs", and Glover printed the star lists constellationwise in his book.
	!		{\|class="wikitable"
	!~~Greek~~		\|+ Hipparchus's star in Aquarius (Glover 2026)
	!~~German~~
	!~~English~~		!hipp.Cat.ID
	!ident.		!constStarID
	!~~src~~		!starName
	!		!ident.Bayer
	!~~lam_culm~~		!ident.HIP
			!concordance
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|241
	\|		\|1
	\|		\|
	\|		\|α Cyg
	\|		\|102098
	\|~~Lib II Cap V §10~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|rising, east, first~~
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|242
	\|		\|2
	\|		\|
	\|		\|β Cyg (β1)
	\|		\|95947
	\|~~Lib II Cap V §10~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|rising, east, last~~
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|243
	\|		\|3
	\|		\|
	\|		\|γ Cyg
	\|		\|100453
	\|~~Lib II Cap VI §2~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|setting CrB, south, last~~
	~~\|Psc 13.5~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|244
	\|		\|4
	\|		\|
	\|		\|δ Cyg
	\|		\|97165
	\|~~Lib II Cap VI §13~~		\|CPAE
	~~\|setting Aql, south, first~~
	~~\|Ari 2~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|245
	\|		\|5
	\|		\|
	\|		\|ε Cyg
	\|		\|102488
	\|~~Lib III Cap I §9~~		\|CPAE
	\|~~rising Ori, south, last~~		\|-
	\|~~Psc~~ 13		\|246
			\|6
			\|
			\|ζ Cyg
			\|104732
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|247
			\|7
			\|
			\|η Cyg
			\|98110
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|248
			\|8
			\|
			\|θ Cyg
			\|96441
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|249
			\|9
			\|
			\|ι Cyg
			\|95853
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|250
			\|10
			\|
			\|κ Cyg
			\|94779
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|251
			\|11
			\|
			\|ξ Cyg
			\|104060
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|252
			\|12
			\|
			\|33 Cyg
			\|99655
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|253
			\|13
			\|
			\|56 Cyg
			\|102843
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|254
			\|14
			\|
			\|57 Cyg
			\|103089
			\|CPAE
			\|-
			\|255
			\|15
			\|
			\|68 Cyg
			\|105186
			\|CPAE
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T20:37:47Z

Eratosthenes

@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 77-79)<blockquote>'''Var. 1 (Περὶ τοῦ Ὄρνιθος)''': This is the one known as ‘the Great (Bird)’, and depicted as a swan. It is said that Zeus, in the guise of a swan, descended upon Rhamnonte in Attica, where he raped Nemesis. She gave birth to an egg from which, according to the poet Cratinos, Helen was born. And because he had ascended to heaven just as he was, without changing his form, and retaining his swan-like appearance, Zeus placed him amongst the constellations with outstretched wings. </blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2 (Ὄρνιθος)''': This is the one known as “the Great (Bird)”, and depicted as a swan. It is said that Zeus declared his love for Nemesis by taking the form of this animal, for she was constantly changing shape to preserve her virginity, and at that time she was a swan. Thus, having also taken the form of this bird, Zeus descended upon Rhamnonte in Attica, where he raped Nemesis. She gave birth to an egg and, according to the poet Cratinos, from this egg, once hatched, Helen was born. And because he had ascended to heaven in that form, without changing shape, Zeus also placed the figure of the swan amongst the constellations. It has its wings spread, just as it was then.
 Cygnus has one bright star on its head, one on its neck, five on its right wing, five on its left wing, one on its body, and one on its rump, which is the largest star. Fourteen in all.</blockquote>
 ===== Hipparchus =====

IanRidpath: Superscripts

2026-07-24T12:55:31Z

Superscripts

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:55, 24 July 2026
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	\|τῶν ἐν τῷ δεξιῷ ποῦὶ β ὁ προηγούμευος		\|τῶν ἐν τῷ δεξιῷ ποῦὶ β ὁ προηγούμευος
	\|The more advanced of the 2 stars in the right leg		\|The more advanced of the 2 stars in the right leg
	\|~~omi1~~ Cyg		\|omi<sup>1</sup> Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\|16		\|16
	\|ὁ ἐπόμενος αὐτῶν		\|ὁ ἐπόμενος αὐτῶν
	\|The one to the rear		\|The one to the rear
	\|~~omi2~~ Cyg		\|omi<sup>2</sup> Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\|17		\|17
Line 383:		Line 383:
	\|-		\|-
	\|8		\|8
	\|ι 2 Cygni		\|ι<sup>2</sup> Cygni
	\|HIP 95853		\|HIP 95853
	\|Constellation lines		\|Constellation lines
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	\|-		\|-
	\|10		\|10
	\|ο1 Cyg		\|ο<sup>1</sup> Cyg
	\|HIP 99675		\|HIP 99675
	\|Constellation lines		\|Constellation lines
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	\|-		\|-
	\|13		\|13
	\|ο2 Cyg		\|ο<sup>2</sup> Cyg
	\|HIP 99848		\|HIP 99848
	\|Constellation lines		\|Constellation lines
Line 515:		Line 515:
	\|-		\|-
	\|30		\|30
	\|ω 1 Cygni		\|ω<sup>1</sup> Cygni
	\|HIP 101138		\|HIP 101138
	\|Constellation lines (Vertex)		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
Line 557:		Line 557:
	\|-		\|-
	\|37		\|37
	\|β 2 Cygni		\|β<sup>2</sup> Cygni
	\|HIP 95951		\|HIP 95951
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull
Line 743:		Line 743:
	\|-		\|-
	\|68		\|68
	\|ι 1 Cygni		\|ι<sup>1</sup> Cygni
	\|HIP 95656		\|HIP 95656
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull

IanRidpath: /* Rudolphine Tables (1627) */ Copy edit

2026-07-22T22:49:57Z

Rudolphine Tables (1627): Copy edit

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:49, 22 July 2026
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	==== Rudolphine Tables (1627) ====		==== Rudolphine Tables (1627) ====
	[[File:Lyr+Cyg RudolphTab.png\|thumb\|Cyg in Rudolphine Tables (Kepler 1627).]]		[[File:Lyr+Cyg RudolphTab.png\|thumb\|Cyg in Rudolphine Tables (Kepler 1627).]]
	~~TheTabulae~~ Rudolphinae were ordered and dedicated to Emperor Rudolph II of the Holy Roman Empire. The main purpose was to allow the computation of the positions of the ~~then known~~ five classically known planets, but the tables also consist of a star catalogue. They were published by Johannes Kepler (1627), including earlier work and observational data by Tycho Brahe. The original Latin title is "Tabulæ Rudolphinæ, Quibus Astronomicæ Scientiæ, Temporum longinquitate collapsæ Restauratio continetur".		The Tabulae Rudolphinae were ordered and dedicated to Emperor Rudolph II of the Holy Roman Empire. The main purpose was to allow the computation of the positions of the five classically known planets, but the tables also consist of a star catalogue. They were published by Johannes Kepler (1627), including earlier work and observational data by Tycho Brahe. The original Latin title is "Tabulæ Rudolphinæ, Quibus Astronomicæ Scientiæ, Temporum longinquitate collapsæ Restauratio continetur".

	Kepler uses the unusual designation '''Olor''' (as a Latin translation of the ancient Greek constellation name The Bird) as primary name and '''Cygnus''', The Swan, only as a name variant.		Kepler uses the unusual designation '''Olor''' (as a Latin translation of the ancient Greek constellation name The Bird) as primary name and '''Cygnus''', The Swan, only as a name variant.

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Added link

2026-07-22T12:07:15Z

Weblinks: Added link

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:07, 22 July 2026
Line 1,353:		Line 1,353:

	* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017047 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Cygnus]		* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017047 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Cygnus]
			* Ian Ridpath's ''Star Tales'' [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/cygnus.html – Cygnus]

	==References==		==References==

Sushoff at 05:57, 13 July 2026

2026-07-13T05:57:29Z

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ----
 [[File:Cygnus IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Cyg star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
 Cygnus, the Swan, one of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. In the original Greek, the constellation is called ‘bird’, and only the star legend tells us what kind of bird it is supposed to be. The figure is Greek.

Sushoff: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

2026-06-20T11:27:21Z

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:27, 20 June 2026
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	===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===		===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===
	<gallery>		<gallery>
			File:Aratea fol. 46v.jpg\|Cygnus in the Leiden Aratea (~840 CE), fol. 46.
	File:Lyr+Cyg RudolphTab.png\|Cyg in Rudolphine Tables (Kepler 1627).		File:Lyr+Cyg RudolphTab.png\|Cyg in Rudolphine Tables (Kepler 1627).
	File:Cyg Fortin1795.jpg\|Cygnus in Fortin's Atlas Céleste, 3rd edition (1795).		File:Cyg Fortin1795.jpg\|Cygnus in Fortin's Atlas Céleste, 3rd edition (1795).

Sushoff: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

2026-06-20T11:26:54Z

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

@@ Line 1,287: / Line 1,287: @@
 |6.5
 |}
 ===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===
 <gallery>
 File:Cyg Fortin1795.jpg|Cygnus in Fortin's Atlas Céleste, 3rd edition (1795).
 File:H.A. Rey's stick figure stellarium-029.png|(1952) H.A. Rey's stick figure of Cygnus

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-06-12T07:20:57Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:20, 12 June 2026
Line 25:		Line 25:

	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
	Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 82-84)		Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 77-79)<blockquote>'''Var. 1 (Περὶ τοῦ Ὄρνιθος)''': This is the one known as ‘the Great (Bird)’, and depicted as a swan. It is said that Zeus, in the guise of a swan, descended upon Rhamnonte in Attica, where he raped Nemesis. She gave birth to an egg from which, according to the poet Cratinos, Helen was born. And because he had ascended to heaven just as he was, without changing his form, and retaining his swan-like appearance, Zeus placed him amongst the constellations with outstretched wings. </blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2 (Ὄρνιθος)''': This is the one known as “the Great (Bird)”, and depicted as a swan. It is said that Zeus declared his love for Nemesis by taking the form of this animal, for she was constantly changing shape to preserve her virginity, and at that time she was a swan. Thus, having also taken the form of this bird, Zeus descended upon Rhamnonte in Attica, where he raped Nemesis. She gave birth to an egg and, according to the poet Cratinos, from this egg, once hatched, Helen was born. And because he had ascended to heaven in that form, without changing shape, Zeus also placed the figure of the swan amongst the constellations. It has its wings spread, just as it was then.
			Cygnus has one bright star on its head, one on its neck, five on its right wing, five on its left wing, one on its body, and one on its rump, which is the largest star. Fourteen in all.</blockquote>
	'''Var. 1 (Περὶ τοῦ )''':

	'''Var. 2 ()''': This is the one known as “the Great (Bird)”, and depicted as a swan. It is said that Zeus declared his love for Nemesis by taking the form of this animal, for she was constantly changing shape to preserve her virginity, and at that time she was a swan. Thus, having also taken the form of this bird, Zeus descended upon Rhamnonte in Attica, where he raped Nemesis. She gave birth to an egg and, according to the poet Cratinos, from this egg, once hatched, Helen was born. And because he had ascended to heaven in that form, without changing shape, Zeus also placed the figure of the swan amongst the constellations. It has its wings spread, just as it was then.
	Cygnus has one bright star on its head, one on its neck, five on its right wing, five on its left wing, one on its body, and one on its rump, which is the largest star. Fourteen in all.

	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====