E2-a - Revision history

Sushoff at 16:26, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:26:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 26 March 2026
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	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]

Sushoff at 14:44, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:44:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 22 January 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]

Sushoff at 07:08, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T07:08:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:08, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]
	<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a byname of the god.		<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a byname of the god.

HermannHunger at 20:23, 6 January 2026

2026-01-06T20:23:34Z

Sushoff at 17:14, 12 December 2025

2025-12-12T17:14:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:14, 12 December 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

	~~===Kurtik with Hilder~~, ~~Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=~~==
	= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.		= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.

InitTeam at 07:18, 6 October 2025

2025-10-06T07:18:32Z

Sushoff at 18:32, 16 August 2025

2025-08-16T18:32:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:32, 16 August 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}

	==~~Dictionary~~==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==

	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===

Sushoff: added Aqr in the teaser

2025-08-04T08:40:06Z

added Aqr in the teaser

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:40, 4 August 2025
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]
	<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely ~~identified with~~ the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]).		<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mespotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a byname of the god.

	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}

InitTeam at 11:51, 27 July 2025

2025-07-27T11:51:44Z

Sushoff at 16:13, 30 May 2025

2025-05-30T16:13:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 30 May 2025
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	#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'ways') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The way (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plow and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:		#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'ways') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The way (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plow and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:
	##a) 15 Ea stars in MUL.APIN I ii 19-35,		##(a) 15 Ea stars in MUL.APIN I ii 19-35,
	##b) 12 Ea stars in 82-5-22,512 [CT 33, 9 r. 15-21],		##(b) 12 Ea stars in 82-5-22,512 [CT 33, 9 r. 15-21],
	##c) 12 Ea stars in Astr. B [KAV 218, B i 1-28, C 1-12, left column; Horowitz 2014, 37],		##(c) 12 Ea stars in Astr. B [KAV 218, B i 1-28, C 1-12, left column; Horowitz 2014, 37],
	##(d) 10 Ea stars in the "Catalog of 30 Stars" (A 1-13, B 1-14) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 177].		##(d) 10 Ea stars in the "Catalog of 30 Stars" (A 1-13, B 1-14) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 177].
	#[[File:Aqr+vorlage 600dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Ea, (a) depicted on the Adda Seal (dating 2300 BCE) and (b) repainted for planetarium use by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster, 2016).]]A number of cases emphasize the affiliation between the luminaries' with the stars of Ea, including		#[[File:Aqr+vorlage 600dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Ea, (a) depicted on the Adda Seal (dating 2300 BCE) and (b) repainted for planetarium use by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster, 2016).]]A number of cases emphasize the affiliation between the luminaries' with the stars of Ea, including

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:23, 6 January 2026
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]
	<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional ~~Mespotamian~~ astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a byname of the god.		<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a byname of the god.

	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}
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	= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.		= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.

	#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or '~~ways~~') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB<ref>''Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi'' (''Berlin''). KBo</ref> IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The ~~way~~ (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The ~~Plow~~ and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:		#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'paths') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB<ref>''Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi'' (''Berlin''). KBo</ref> IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The path (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plough' and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:
	##(a) 15 Ea stars in MUL.APIN I ii 19-35,		##(a) 15 Ea stars in MUL.APIN I ii 19-35,
	##(b) 12 Ea stars in 82-5-22,512 [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 33, 9 r. 15-21],		##(b) 12 Ea stars in 82-5-22,512 [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 33, 9 r. 15-21],
	##(c) 12 Ea stars in ~~Astr.~~ B [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, B i 1-28, C 1-12, left column; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 37],		##(c) 12 Ea stars in Astrolabe B [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, B i 1-28, C 1-12, left column; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 37],
	##(d) 10 Ea stars in the "Catalog of 30 Stars" (A 1-13, B 1-14) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98<ref>''Oelsner J., Horowitz W.'' The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502 // AfO. 1997-1998. Bd. 44-45. S. 176-185.</ref>, 177].		##(d) 10 Ea stars in the "Catalog of 30 Stars" (A 1-13, B 1-14) [Oelsner and Horowitz 1997-98<ref>''Oelsner J., Horowitz W.'' The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502 // AfO. 1997-1998. Bd. 44-45. S. 176-185.</ref>, 177].
	#[[File:Aqr+vorlage 600dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Ea, (a) depicted on the Adda Seal (dating 2300 BCE) and (b) repainted for planetarium use by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster, 2016).]]A number of cases emphasize the affiliation between the luminaries~~' with~~ the stars of Ea, including		#[[File:Aqr+vorlage 600dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Ea, (a) depicted on the Adda Seal (dating 2300 BCE) and (b) repainted for planetarium use by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster, 2016).]]A number of cases emphasize the affiliation between the luminaries and the stars of Ea, including
	##(a) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in MUL.APIN I ii 19-20, and the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 98),		##(a) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in MUL.APIN I ii 19-20, and the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 98),
	##(b) <sup>múl</sup>BIR <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 111),		##(b) <sup>múl</sup>BIR <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 111),
	##(c) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' the name of Jupiter in the month of ~~Adar~~ in K.5990 :13 [IIIR, 53:2].		##(c) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' the name of Jupiter in the month of Adaru in K.5990 :13 [IIIR, 53:2].
	#"Ea star" as a designation for planets in astrological texts;		#"Ea star" as a designation for planets in astrological texts;
	## DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'' GAN<sub>2</sub>.ZI NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...: <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-nat-ma''		## DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'' GAN<sub>2</sub>.ZI NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...: <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-nat-ma''
	##*"If the star of Ea is dim, crops will not ~~grow~~... (it means): Mercury in ~~the~~ Capricorn is ~~low in luster~~" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 21:43-44], here "star of Ea" = Mercury in Capricorn;		##*"If the star of Ea is dim, crops will not prosper ... (it means): Mercury in Capricorn is dim" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 21:43-44], here "star of Ea" = Mercury in Capricorn;
	##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]		##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]
	##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);		##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);
	##[DIŠ mul <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>]-''a ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz''		##[DIŠ mul <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>]-''a ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz''
	##* "[If the star of E]a stands ~~in the middle of~~ the Field [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 23:24] (and also [ibid.<ref name=":1" />, 23:25]), (star Ea = Venus?);		##* "[If the star of E]a stands inside the Field [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 23:24] (and also [ibid.<ref name=":1" />, 23:25]), (star Ea = Venus?);

	For other examples see. [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":1" /> 2, 51:12-13, 68 r. 11-13].		For other examples see. [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":1" /> 2, 51:12-13, 68 r. 11-13].

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:18, 6 October 2025
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	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
	= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.		= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.

	#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'ways') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The way (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plow and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:		#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'ways') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB<ref>''Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi'' (''Berlin''). KBo</ref> IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The way (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plow and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:
	##(a) 15 Ea stars in MUL.APIN I ii 19-35,		##(a) 15 Ea stars in MUL.APIN I ii 19-35,
	##(b) 12 Ea stars in 82-5-22,512 [CT 33, 9 r. 15-21],		##(b) 12 Ea stars in 82-5-22,512 [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 33, 9 r. 15-21],
	##(c) 12 Ea stars in Astr. B [KAV 218, B i 1-28, C 1-12, left column; Horowitz 2014, 37],		##(c) 12 Ea stars in Astr. B [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, B i 1-28, C 1-12, left column; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 37],
	##(d) 10 Ea stars in the "Catalog of 30 Stars" (A 1-13, B 1-14) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 177].		##(d) 10 Ea stars in the "Catalog of 30 Stars" (A 1-13, B 1-14) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98<ref>''Oelsner J., Horowitz W.'' The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502 // AfO. 1997-1998. Bd. 44-45. S. 176-185.</ref>, 177].
	#[[File:Aqr+vorlage 600dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Ea, (a) depicted on the Adda Seal (dating 2300 BCE) and (b) repainted for planetarium use by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster, 2016).]]A number of cases emphasize the affiliation between the luminaries' with the stars of Ea, including		#[[File:Aqr+vorlage 600dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Ea, (a) depicted on the Adda Seal (dating 2300 BCE) and (b) repainted for planetarium use by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster, 2016).]]A number of cases emphasize the affiliation between the luminaries' with the stars of Ea, including
	##(a) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in MUL.APIN I ii 19-20, and the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 98),		##(a) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in MUL.APIN I ii 19-20, and the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 98),
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	#"Ea star" as a designation for planets in astrological texts;		#"Ea star" as a designation for planets in astrological texts;
	## DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'' GAN<sub>2</sub>.ZI NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...: <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-nat-ma''		## DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'' GAN<sub>2</sub>.ZI NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...: <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-nat-ma''
	##*"If the star of Ea is dim, crops will not grow... (it means): Mercury in the Capricorn is low in luster" [ACh Ištar, 21:43-44], here "star of Ea" = Mercury in Capricorn;		##*"If the star of Ea is dim, crops will not grow... (it means): Mercury in the Capricorn is low in luster" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 21:43-44], here "star of Ea" = Mercury in Capricorn;
	##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]		##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]
	##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);		##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);
	##[DIŠ mul <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>]-''a ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz''		##[DIŠ mul <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>]-''a ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz''
	##* "[If the star of E]a stands in the middle of the Field [...]" [ACh Ištar, 23:24] (and also [ibid., 23:25]), (star Ea = Venus?);		##* "[If the star of E]a stands in the middle of the Field [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 23:24] (and also [ibid.<ref name=":1" />, 23:25]), (star Ea = Venus?);

	For other examples see. [ACh Suppl. 2, 51:12-13, 68 r. 11-13].		For other examples see. [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":1" /> 2, 51:12-13, 68 r. 11-13].

	===Additional===		===Additional===
	On the astral meaning of Ea see also [Galter 1983, 116-120].		On the astral meaning of Ea see also [Galter 1983<ref>''Galter H.D.'' Der Gott Ea/Enki in der akkadischen Überliferung. Dissertationen der Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz 1983.</ref>, 116-120].

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:51, 27 July 2025
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]
	<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>Ea (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely identified with the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]).		<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely identified with the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]).

	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E<sub>2</sub>-a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}

	==Dictionary==		==Dictionary==
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	= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.		= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.

	#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'ways') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The way (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plow and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:		#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'ways') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The way (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plow and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:
	##(a) 15 Ea stars in MUL.APIN I ii 19-35,		##(a) 15 Ea stars in MUL.APIN I ii 19-35,
	##(b) 12 Ea stars in 82-5-22,512 [CT 33, 9 r. 15-21],		##(b) 12 Ea stars in 82-5-22,512 [CT 33, 9 r. 15-21],
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	##(c) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' the name of Jupiter in the month of Adar in K.5990 :13 [IIIR, 53:2].		##(c) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' the name of Jupiter in the month of Adar in K.5990 :13 [IIIR, 53:2].
	#"Ea star" as a designation for planets in astrological texts;		#"Ea star" as a designation for planets in astrological texts;
	##DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'' GAN<sub>2</sub>.ZI NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...: <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-nat-ma''		## DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'' GAN<sub>2</sub>.ZI NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...: <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-nat-ma''
	##*"If the star of Ea is dim, crops will not grow... (it means): Mercury in the Capricorn is low in luster" [ACh Ištar, 21:43-44], here "star of Ea" = Mercury in Capricorn;		##*"If the star of Ea is dim, crops will not grow... (it means): Mercury in the Capricorn is low in luster" [ACh Ištar, 21:43-44], here "star of Ea" = Mercury in Capricorn;
	##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]		##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]
	##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);		##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);
	##[DIŠ mul <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>]-''a ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz''		##[DIŠ mul <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>]-''a ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz''
	##*"[If the star of E]a stands in the middle of the Field [...]" [ACh Ištar, 23:24] (and also [ibid., 23:25]), (star Ea = Venus?);		##* "[If the star of E]a stands in the middle of the Field [...]" [ACh Ištar, 23:24] (and also [ibid., 23:25]), (star Ea = Venus?);

	For other examples see. [ACh Suppl. 2, 51:12-13, 68 r. 11-13].		For other examples see. [ACh Suppl. 2, 51:12-13, 68 r. 11-13].