Elamātum - Revision history

Sushoff at 16:28, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:28:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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Sushoff at 14:45, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:45:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:45, 22 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----

Sushoff at 07:10, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T07:10:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:10, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----

	<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum','' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite-one.' The earlier interpetation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>{{Template:Venus}}		<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum','' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite-one.' The earlier interpetation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>{{Template:Venus}}

HermannHunger at 10:22, 7 January 2026

2026-01-07T10:22:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:22, 7 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}

	<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum,'' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite-one.' The earlier interpetation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>{{Template:Venus}}		<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum','' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite-one.' The earlier interpetation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>{{Template:Venus}}

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian ~~pray''<nowiki/>''er~~ to the Gods of the Night AO 6769 ''e-la-ma-tum'' is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935<ref>''Dossin G''. Prières aux “Dieus de la nuit” (AO 6769) // RA. 1935. V. 32, № 4. P. 179-190.</ref>, 181:17; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, 827]. An Old Babylonian myth tells of the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:		The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian prayer to the Gods of the Night AO 6769. ''e-la-ma-tum'' is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935<ref>''Dossin G''. Prières aux “Dieus de la nuit” (AO 6769) // RA. 1935. V. 32, № 4. P. 179-190.</ref>, 181:17; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, 827]. An Old Babylonian myth tells of the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:

	* ''u<sub>3</sub> elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i /'' [xxx] ''x li-iz-zi-iz-ma''		* ''u<sub>3</sub> elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i /'' [xxx] ''x li-iz-zi-iz-ma''
	* "And let Elamatum whom you killed, / ~~rise and~~ in the middle of heaven / [. ...] let her stand." [Walker 1983<ref>''Walker Ch.'' The Myth of Girra and Elamatum // Anatolian Studies, 1983, V. 33, p. 145-152.</ref>, BM 78962:36-38].		* "And let Elamatum whom you killed, / come out in the middle of heaven / [. ...] let her stand." [Walker 1983<ref>''Walker Ch.'' The Myth of Girra and Elamatum // Anatolian Studies, 1983, V. 33, p. 145-152.</ref>, BM 78962:36-38].

	Earlier, this word was interpreted as a definition in the expression ''qaštum elamātum'' "Elamite Bow". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 196; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Q, 152; Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 73] and was identified with the constellation [[PAN\|<sup>mul</sup>PAN]], considered an astral incarnation of ~~Ishtar~~ of Elam, see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN\|PAN]] as well as [Cooley 2013<ref>Cooley, J. (2013). Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative.</ref>, 124-129]. Here taking ''qaštum elamātum'' as a single asterism would reduce the number of asterisms in the prayer to 9, which is unacceptable given the fact that parallel ERM 15642 lists 10 asterisms, including ''qaštum'' on its own (Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 118-119). Further, ''Elamātum'' is not the form of the fem. adjective, which would be ''elamītum'' for 'Elamite Bow.' Therefore, the earlier interpretation of ''qaštum'' in the Prayer to the Gods of the Night can be rejected.		Earlier, this word was interpreted as a definition in the expression ''qaštum elamātum'' "Elamite Bow". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 196; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Q, 152; Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 73] and was identified with the constellation [[PAN\|<sup>mul</sup>PAN]], considered an astral incarnation of Ištar of Elam, see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN\|PAN]] as well as [Cooley 2013<ref>Cooley, J. (2013). Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative.</ref>, 124-129]. Here taking ''qaštum elamātum'' as a single asterism would reduce the number of asterisms in the prayer to 9, which is unacceptable given the fact that the parallel ERM 15642 lists 10 asterisms, including ''qaštum'' on its own (Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 118-119). Further, ''Elamātum'' is not the form of the fem. adjective, which would be ''elamītum'' for 'Elamite Bow.' Therefore, the earlier interpretation of ''qaštum'' in the Prayer to the Gods of the Night can be rejected.

	This does not preclude later confusion with the manifestation of Ištar (Venus) as the Elamite Bow (Kurtik q01, ''[[Qaštu]]'').		This does not preclude later confusion with the manifestation of Ištar (Venus) as the Elamite Bow (Kurtik q01, ''[[Qaštu]]'').

	There is only one hint of a deity (perhaps the Elamite Ištar) next to the constellation PAN, the Bow, which is mentioned in the GU-text as the "left leg" at the Arrow. If this is the leg of a deity next to the double-constellation of Bow and Arrow, a deity that holds bow and arrow, it may - perhaps - be the Elamite Ištar who can be interpreted as the Egyptian Satis (also with bow and arrow), as depicted on the circular Dendera zodiac.<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin: 193-204</ref><blockquote>Note,<ref name=":0" /> however, that the Akk. word for “Elamite” is ''Elam(m)ītu'' whereas ''Elam(a)tum'' is “Elam”. Furthermore, the filiation “daughter of Enlil” contradicts Babylonian mythology where Inanna/Ištar is either the daughter of An/Anum or the daughter of the moon god Nanna/Sîn (who is a son of Enlil and Ninlil). It seems possible that the name is of a different origin, and its association with Elam based on folk etymology.</blockquote><blockquote>The Old Babylonian mythological text “Girra and Elamattum” tells us that a creature named ''Elam''(NIM)-''ma-tum'' was slain by the fire god Girra and placed in the midst of heaven. In the Old Babylonian “Prayer to the Gods of the Night”, ''E-la-ma-tum'' is mentioned after the “Bow(-star)” (AO 6769: 17). <sup>d</sup>''Iš-tar'' NIM.MA-tu<sub>4</sub> (AN 12r).</blockquote>		There is only one hint of a deity (perhaps the Elamite Ištar) next to the constellation PAN, the Bow, which is mentioned in the GU-text as the "left leg" at the Arrow. If this is the leg of a deity next to the double-constellation of Bow and Arrow, a deity that holds bow and arrow, it may - perhaps - be the Elamite Ištar who can be interpreted as the Egyptian Satis (also with bow and arrow), as depicted on the circular Dendera zodiac.<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin: 193-204</ref><blockquote>Note,<ref name=":0" /> however, that the Akk. word for “Elamite” is ''Elam(m)ītu'' whereas ''Elam(a)tum'' is “Elam”. Furthermore, the filiation “daughter of Enlil” contradicts Babylonian mythology where Inanna/Ištar is either the daughter of An/Anum or the daughter of the moon god Nanna/Sîn (who is a son of Enlil and Ninlil). It seems possible that the name is of a different origin, and its association with Elam based on folk etymology.</blockquote><blockquote>The Old Babylonian mythological text “Girra and Elamattum” tells us that a creature named ''Elam''(NIM)-''ma-tum'' was slain by the fire god Girra and placed in the midst of heaven. In the Old Babylonian “Prayer to the Gods of the Night”, ''E-la-ma-tum'' is mentioned after the “Bow(-star)” (AO 6769: 17). <sup>d</sup>''Iš-tar'' NIM.MA-''tu''<sub>4</sub> (AN 12r).</blockquote>

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==

Sushoff at 16:24, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T16:24:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 18 December 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}

	<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum,'' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite-one.' The earlier interpetation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum,'' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite-one.' The earlier interpetation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>{{Template:Venus}}

	~~'''''??We need to rethink this after we finish pan-entry - with possible qaštum Elamātum entry???'''''~~

	{{Template:Venus}}

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian pray''<nowiki/>''er to the Gods of the Night AO 6769 ''e-la-ma-tum'' is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935<ref>''Dossin G''. Prières aux “Dieus de la nuit” (AO 6769) // RA. 1935. V. 32, № 4. P. 179-190.</ref>, 181:17; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, 827]. An Old Babylonian myth tells of the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:		The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian pray''<nowiki/>''er to the Gods of the Night AO 6769 ''e-la-ma-tum'' is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935<ref>''Dossin G''. Prières aux “Dieus de la nuit” (AO 6769) // RA. 1935. V. 32, № 4. P. 179-190.</ref>, 181:17; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, 827]. An Old Babylonian myth tells of the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:

	* ''u<sub>3</sub> elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i /'' [xxx] ''x li-iz-zi-iz-ma''		* ''u<sub>3</sub> elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i /'' [xxx] ''x li-iz-zi-iz-ma''

WayneHorowitz at 11:54, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T11:54:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:54, 18 December 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}

	<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum,'' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite-one.' The earlier interpetation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum,'' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite-one.' The earlier interpetation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>

			'''''??We need to rethink this after we finish pan-entry - with possible qaštum Elamātum entry???'''''

	{{Template:Venus}}		{{Template:Venus}}

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian ~~prayer~~ to the Gods of the Night AO 6769 ''e-la-ma-tum'' is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935<ref>''Dossin G''. Prières aux “Dieus de la nuit” (AO 6769) // RA. 1935. V. 32, № 4. P. 179-190.</ref>, 181:17; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, 827]. An Old Babylonian myth tells of the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:		The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian pray''<nowiki/>''er to the Gods of the Night AO 6769 ''e-la-ma-tum'' is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935<ref>''Dossin G''. Prières aux “Dieus de la nuit” (AO 6769) // RA. 1935. V. 32, № 4. P. 179-190.</ref>, 181:17; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, 827]. An Old Babylonian myth tells of the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:

	* ''u<sub>3</sub> elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i /'' [xxx] ''x li-iz-zi-iz-ma''		* ''u<sub>3</sub> elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i /'' [xxx] ''x li-iz-zi-iz-ma''

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History */

2025-12-12T17:27:52Z

Concordance, Etymology, History

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:27, 12 December 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Elamātum''}}

	<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum,'' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite-one.' The earlier interpetation as a designation of an asterism is rejected.		<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum,'' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite-one.' The earlier interpetation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>

	{{Template:Venus}}		{{Template:Venus}}

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
			The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian prayer to the Gods of the Night AO 6769 ''e-la-ma-tum'' is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935<ref>''Dossin G''. Prières aux “Dieus de la nuit” (AO 6769) // RA. 1935. V. 32, № 4. P. 179-190.</ref>, 181:17; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, 827]. An Old Babylonian myth tells of the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:
	~~===Krebernik~~ (~~2023)===~~
	~~(in combination with Ištar~~). ~~Name of an asterism and of a goddess. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g.~~, ~~''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”. Note, however, that the Akk. word for “Elamite” is ''Elam(m)ītu'' whereas ''Elam(a)tum'' is “Elam”~~. Furthermore, the filiation “daughter of Enlil” contradicts Babylonian mythology where Inanna/Ištar is either the daughter of An/Anum or the daughter of the moon god Nanna/Sîn (who is a son of Enlil and Ninlil). It seems possible that the name is of a different origin, and its association with Elam based on folk etymology.

	The Old Babylonian mythological text “Girra and Elamattum” tells us that a creature named ''Elam''(NIM)-''ma-tum'' was slain by the fire god Girra and placed in the midst of heaven. In the Old Babylonian “Prayer to the Gods of the Night”, ''E-la-ma-tum'' is mentioned after the “Bow(-star)” (AO 6769: 17). <sup>d</sup>''Iš-tar'' NIM.MA-tu<sub>4</~~sub~~> ~~(AN 12r).~~
	~~===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=~~==
	The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian prayer to the Gods of the Night AO 6769 ''e-la-ma-tum'' is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935<ref>''Dossin G''. Prières aux “Dieus de la nuit” (AO 6769) // RA. 1935. V. 32, № 4. P. 179-190.</ref>, 181:17; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, 827]. An Old Babylonian myth tells of the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:

	* ''u<sub>3</sub> elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i /'' [xxx] ''x li-iz-zi-iz-ma''		* ''u<sub>3</sub> elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i /'' [xxx] ''x li-iz-zi-iz-ma''
	* "And let Elamatum whom you killed, / rise and in the middle of heaven / [. ...] let her stand." [Walker 1983<ref>''Walker Ch.'' The Myth of Girra and Elamatum // Anatolian Studies, 1983, V. 33, p. 145-152.</ref>, BM 78962:36-38].		* "And let Elamatum whom you killed, / rise and in the middle of heaven / [. ...] let her stand." [Walker 1983<ref>''Walker Ch.'' The Myth of Girra and Elamatum // Anatolian Studies, 1983, V. 33, p. 145-152.</ref>, BM 78962:36-38].

	Earlier, this word was interpreted as a definition in the expression ''qaštum elamātum'' "Elamite Bow". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 196; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Q, 152; Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 73] and was identified with the constellation [[PAN\|<sup>mul</sup>PAN]], considered an astral incarnation of Ishtar of Elam, see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN\|PAN]] as well as [Cooley 2013<ref>Cooley, J. (2013). Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative.</ref>, 124-129]. Here taking ''qaštum elamātum'' as a single asterism would reduce the number of asterisms in the prayer to 9, which is unacceptable given the fact that parallel ERM 15642 lists 10 asterisms, including ''qaštum'' on its own (Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 118-119). Further, ''Elamātum'' is not the form of the fem. adjective, which would be ''elamītum'' for 'Elamite Bow.' Therefore, the ~~earler~~ interpretation of ''qaštum'' in the Prayer to the Gods of the Night can be rejected.		Earlier, this word was interpreted as a definition in the expression ''qaštum elamātum'' "Elamite Bow". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 196; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Q, 152; Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 73] and was identified with the constellation [[PAN\|<sup>mul</sup>PAN]], considered an astral incarnation of Ishtar of Elam, see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN\|PAN]] as well as [Cooley 2013<ref>Cooley, J. (2013). Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative.</ref>, 124-129]. Here taking ''qaštum elamātum'' as a single asterism would reduce the number of asterisms in the prayer to 9, which is unacceptable given the fact that parallel ERM 15642 lists 10 asterisms, including ''qaštum'' on its own (Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 118-119). Further, ''Elamātum'' is not the form of the fem. adjective, which would be ''elamītum'' for 'Elamite Bow.' Therefore, the earlier interpretation of ''qaštum'' in the Prayer to the Gods of the Night can be rejected.

	This does not preclude later confusion with the manifestation of Ištar (Venus) as the Elamite Bow (Kurtik q01, ''[[Qaštu]]'').		This does not preclude later confusion with the manifestation of Ištar (Venus) as the Elamite Bow (Kurtik q01, ''[[Qaštu]]'').

	There is only one hint of a deity (perhaps the Elamite Ištar) next to the constellation PAN, the Bow, which is mentioned in the GU-text as the "left leg" at the Arrow. If this is the leg of a deity next to the double-constellation of Bow and Arrow, a deity that holds bow and arrow, it may - perhaps - be the Elamite Ištar who can be interpreted as the Egyptian Satis (also with bow and arrow), as depicted on the circular Dendera zodiac.<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin: 193-204</ref>		There is only one hint of a deity (perhaps the Elamite Ištar) next to the constellation PAN, the Bow, which is mentioned in the GU-text as the "left leg" at the Arrow. If this is the leg of a deity next to the double-constellation of Bow and Arrow, a deity that holds bow and arrow, it may - perhaps - be the Elamite Ištar who can be interpreted as the Egyptian Satis (also with bow and arrow), as depicted on the circular Dendera zodiac.<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin: 193-204</ref><blockquote>Note,<ref name=":0" /> however, that the Akk. word for “Elamite” is ''Elam(m)ītu'' whereas ''Elam(a)tum'' is “Elam”. Furthermore, the filiation “daughter of Enlil” contradicts Babylonian mythology where Inanna/Ištar is either the daughter of An/Anum or the daughter of the moon god Nanna/Sîn (who is a son of Enlil and Ninlil). It seems possible that the name is of a different origin, and its association with Elam based on folk etymology.</blockquote><blockquote>The Old Babylonian mythological text “Girra and Elamattum” tells us that a creature named ''Elam''(NIM)-''ma-tum'' was slain by the fire god Girra and placed in the midst of heaven. In the Old Babylonian “Prayer to the Gods of the Night”, ''E-la-ma-tum'' is mentioned after the “Bow(-star)” (AO 6769: 17). <sup>d</sup>''Iš-tar'' NIM.MA-tu<sub>4</sub> (AN 12r).</blockquote>

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

InitTeam at 07:32, 6 October 2025

2025-10-06T07:32:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:32, 6 October 2025
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	The Old Babylonian mythological text “Girra and Elamattum” tells us that a creature named ''Elam''(NIM)-''ma-tum'' was slain by the fire god Girra and placed in the midst of heaven. In the Old Babylonian “Prayer to the Gods of the Night”, ''E-la-ma-tum'' is mentioned after the “Bow(-star)” (AO 6769: 17). <sup>d</sup>''Iš-tar'' NIM.MA-tu<sub>4</sub> (AN 12r).		The Old Babylonian mythological text “Girra and Elamattum” tells us that a creature named ''Elam''(NIM)-''ma-tum'' was slain by the fire god Girra and placed in the midst of heaven. In the Old Babylonian “Prayer to the Gods of the Night”, ''E-la-ma-tum'' is mentioned after the “Bow(-star)” (AO 6769: 17). <sup>d</sup>''Iš-tar'' NIM.MA-tu<sub>4</sub> (AN 12r).
	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
	The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian prayer to the Gods of the Night AO 6769 ''e-la-ma-tum'' is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935, 181:17; Kurtik ~~2017~~, 827]. An Old Babylonian myth tells of the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:		The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian prayer to the Gods of the Night AO 6769 ''e-la-ma-tum'' is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935<ref>''Dossin G''. Prières aux “Dieus de la nuit” (AO 6769) // RA. 1935. V. 32, № 4. P. 179-190.</ref>, 181:17; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, 827]. An Old Babylonian myth tells of the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:

	* ''u<sub>3</sub> elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i /'' [xxx] ''x li-iz-zi-iz-ma''		* ''u<sub>3</sub> elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i /'' [xxx] ''x li-iz-zi-iz-ma''
	* "And let Elamatum whom you killed, / rise and in the middle of heaven / [. ...] let her stand." [Walker 1983, BM 78962:36-38].		* "And let Elamatum whom you killed, / rise and in the middle of heaven / [. ...] let her stand." [Walker 1983<ref>''Walker Ch.'' The Myth of Girra and Elamatum // Anatolian Studies, 1983, V. 33, p. 145-152.</ref>, BM 78962:36-38].

	Earlier, this word was interpreted as a definition in the expression ''qaštum elamātum'' "Elamite Bow". [AHw, 196; CAD Q, 152; Weidner 1957-59, 73] and was identified with the constellation [[PAN\|<sup>mul</sup>PAN]], considered an astral incarnation of Ishtar of Elam, see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN\|PAN]] as well as [Cooley 2013, 124-129]. Here taking ''qaštum elamātum'' as a single asterism would reduce the number of asterisms in the prayer to 9, which is unacceptable given the fact that parallel ERM 15642 lists 10 asterisms, including ''qaštum'' on its own Horowitz 2014: 118-119). Further, ''Elamātum'' is not the form of the fem. adjective, which would be ''elamītum'' for 'Elamite Bow.' Therefore, the earler interpretation of ''qaštum'' in the Prayer to the Gods of the Night can be rejected.		Earlier, this word was interpreted as a definition in the expression ''qaštum elamātum'' "Elamite Bow". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 196; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Q, 152; Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 73] and was identified with the constellation [[PAN\|<sup>mul</sup>PAN]], considered an astral incarnation of Ishtar of Elam, see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN\|PAN]] as well as [Cooley 2013<ref>Cooley, J. (2013). Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative.</ref>, 124-129]. Here taking ''qaštum elamātum'' as a single asterism would reduce the number of asterisms in the prayer to 9, which is unacceptable given the fact that parallel ERM 15642 lists 10 asterisms, including ''qaštum'' on its own (Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 118-119). Further, ''Elamātum'' is not the form of the fem. adjective, which would be ''elamītum'' for 'Elamite Bow.' Therefore, the earler interpretation of ''qaštum'' in the Prayer to the Gods of the Night can be rejected.

	This does not preclude later confusion with the manifestation of Ištar (Venus) as the Elamite Bow (Kurtik q01, ''Qaštu'').		This does not preclude later confusion with the manifestation of Ištar (Venus) as the Elamite Bow (Kurtik q01, ''[[Qaštu]]'').

	There is only one hint of a deity (perhaps the Elamite Ištar) next to the constellation PAN, the Bow, which is mentioned in the GU-text as the "left leg" at the Arrow. If this is the leg of a deity next to the double-constellation of Bow and Arrow, a deity that holds bow and arrow, it may - perhaps - be the Elamite Ištar who can be interpreted as the Egyptian Satis (also with bow and arrow), as depicted on the circular Dendera zodiac.<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin: 193-204</ref>		There is only one hint of a deity (perhaps the Elamite Ištar) next to the constellation PAN, the Bow, which is mentioned in the GU-text as the "left leg" at the Arrow. If this is the leg of a deity next to the double-constellation of Bow and Arrow, a deity that holds bow and arrow, it may - perhaps - be the Elamite Ištar who can be interpreted as the Egyptian Satis (also with bow and arrow), as depicted on the circular Dendera zodiac.<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin: 193-204</ref>

Sushoff at 18:33, 16 August 2025

2025-08-16T18:33:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:33, 16 August 2025
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	{{Template:Venus}}		{{Template:Venus}}

	==~~Dictionary~~==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==

	===Krebernik (2023)===		===Krebernik (2023)===

Sushoff: /* Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim */

2025-08-04T09:24:26Z

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:24, 4 August 2025
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	This does not preclude later confusion with the manifestation of Ištar (Venus) as the Elamite Bow (Kurtik q01, ''Qaštu'').		This does not preclude later confusion with the manifestation of Ištar (Venus) as the Elamite Bow (Kurtik q01, ''Qaštu'').

	There is only one hint of a deity (perhaps the Elamite Ištar) next to the constellation PAN, the Bow, which is mentioned in the GU-text as the "left leg" at the Arrow. If this is the leg of a deity next to the double-constellation of Bow and Arrow, a deity that holds bow and arrow, it may - perhaps - be the Elamite Ištar who can be interpreted as the Egyptian Satis (also with bow and arrow), as depicted on the circular Dendera zodiac.		There is only one hint of a deity (perhaps the Elamite Ištar) next to the constellation PAN, the Bow, which is mentioned in the GU-text as the "left leg" at the Arrow. If this is the leg of a deity next to the double-constellation of Bow and Arrow, a deity that holds bow and arrow, it may - perhaps - be the Elamite Ištar who can be interpreted as the Egyptian Satis (also with bow and arrow), as depicted on the circular Dendera zodiac.<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin: 193-204</ref>
	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"