Euphrates - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Early Modern Constellation */

2026-08-17T15:31:00Z

Early Modern Constellation

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:31, 17 August 2026
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	==== Early Modern Constellation ====		==== Early Modern Constellation ====
			[[File:Plancius1590 BiblicalMaps.jpg.jpg\|thumb\|Plancius (1590) Biblical Maps, displaying Euphrates and "Tigris fl. hebraice Hidekel" passing "Heden" (Eden with the Tree of Life).]]

	Ian Ridpath<ref name=":0">Ridpath, Ian, ''Star Tales'' (Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1988) ISBN 0-7188-2695-7 [[https://archive.org/details/startales0000ridp_w3y6 Internet Archive link]] -- a revised and expanded edition was published in 2018 [ISBN 978-07188-9478-8] -- online version on [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/contents.html Ridpath's website].</ref> only mentions Euphrates briefly in his entry on the Tigris<ref>Ian Ridpath, Star Tales, [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/tigris.html online edition: Tigris]</ref> constellation: <blockquote>(...) river Tigris, a real river of Mesopotamia which joins with the Euphrates in the modern Iraq. The constellation was introduced in 1612 by the Dutchman Petrus Plancius (...) </blockquote>As Plancius did not write any documentation on his newly introduced constellations, we can only speculate about some likely biblical reference. Hints are given in his personal life as a clergyman, frequently persecuted because of his belief, and his biblical (geographical) maps (Plancius 1590), where the Jordan River is featured very similarly to the celestial illustration on his globe gores, and Tigris is depicted next to the Tree of Life in Eden.		Ian Ridpath<ref name=":0">Ridpath, Ian, ''Star Tales'' (Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1988) ISBN 0-7188-2695-7 [[https://archive.org/details/startales0000ridp_w3y6 Internet Archive link]] -- a revised and expanded edition was published in 2018 [ISBN 978-07188-9478-8] -- online version on [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/contents.html Ridpath's website].</ref> only mentions Euphrates briefly in his entry on the Tigris<ref>Ian Ridpath, Star Tales, [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/tigris.html online edition: Tigris]</ref> constellation: <blockquote>(...) river Tigris, a real river of Mesopotamia which joins with the Euphrates in the modern Iraq. The constellation was introduced in 1612 by the Dutchman Petrus Plancius (...) </blockquote>As Plancius did not write any documentation on his newly introduced constellations, we can only speculate about some likely biblical reference. Hints are given in his personal life as a clergyman, frequently persecuted because of his belief, and his biblical (geographical) maps (Plancius 1590), where the Jordan River is featured very similarly to the celestial illustration on his globe gores, and Tigris is depicted next to the Tree of Life in Eden.

Sushoff at 15:29, 17 August 2026

2026-08-17T15:29:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:29, 17 August 2026
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	==== Early Modern Constellation ====		==== Early Modern Constellation ====
	Ian Ridpath<ref name=":0">Ridpath, Ian, ''Star Tales'' (Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1988) ISBN 0-7188-2695-7 [[https://archive.org/details/startales0000ridp_w3y6 Internet Archive link]] -- a revised and expanded edition was published in 2018 [ISBN 978-07188-9478-8] -- online version on [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/contents.html Ridpath's website].</ref> only mentions Euphrates briefly in his entry on the Tigris<ref>Ian Ridpath, Star Tales, [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/tigris.html online edition: Tigris]</ref> constellation: <blockquote>(...) river Tigris, a real river of Mesopotamia which joins with the Euphrates in the modern Iraq. The constellation was introduced in 1612 by the Dutchman Petrus Plancius (...) </blockquote>		Ian Ridpath<ref name=":0">Ridpath, Ian, ''Star Tales'' (Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1988) ISBN 0-7188-2695-7 [[https://archive.org/details/startales0000ridp_w3y6 Internet Archive link]] -- a revised and expanded edition was published in 2018 [ISBN 978-07188-9478-8] -- online version on [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/contents.html Ridpath's website].</ref> only mentions Euphrates briefly in his entry on the Tigris<ref>Ian Ridpath, Star Tales, [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/tigris.html online edition: Tigris]</ref> constellation: <blockquote>(...) river Tigris, a real river of Mesopotamia which joins with the Euphrates in the modern Iraq. The constellation was introduced in 1612 by the Dutchman Petrus Plancius (...) </blockquote>As Plancius did not write any documentation on his newly introduced constellations, we can only speculate about some likely biblical reference. Hints are given in his personal life as a clergyman, frequently persecuted because of his belief, and his biblical (geographical) maps (Plancius 1590), where the Jordan River is featured very similarly to the celestial illustration on his globe gores, and Tigris is depicted next to the Tree of Life in Eden.

			The first written explanation on the river constellations [[Tigris]] and [[Jordanus]] is preserved from Bartsch (1624), where Euphrates is not featured. Bartsch likely copies the idea from his mentor I. Habrecht (1621) and not directly from Plancius, so the reasons (for Habrecht?) to drop Euphrates are unknown.

	==== Source ====		==== Source ====
			<gallery>
			File:KEE Tigris+Euphrates.jpg\|link=\|Tigris and Euprates on Plancius (1612) and van den Keere's globe gores.
			File:Plancius1590 BiblicalMaps largeView anim.gif\|Plancius (1590): Biblical Maps, with modern highlighting of Jor-Dan, Euphrates, Tigris and the Paradise south of Babylon.
			File:KEE Jordanus piece hi.JPG\|alt=historical globe gores (1612)\|Jordanus on Globe gores by van den Keere & Plancius (1612)
			File:Plancius1590 BiblicalMaps an.gif\|Plancius (1590): Biblical Maps, with modern highlighting of Jor-Dan.
			</gallery>

	==== Identifications ====		==== Identifications ====
	* (a) Mesopotamia: western [[Pisces]]		* (a) Mesopotamia: western [[Pisces]]
	* (b) Plancius (1612): southern [[Cygnus]]		* (b) Plancius (1612): southern [[Cygnus]]
	* (c) other authors in the 17th century copied Tigris from Plancius but left out Euphrates		* (c) other authors in the 17th century copied [[Tigris]] from Plancius but left out Euphrates

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===

Sushoff: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

2026-08-14T10:03:13Z

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 14 August 2026
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	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:KEE_Tigris+Euphrates.jpg\|Tigris and Euphrates on Plancius' globe gores (1612).		File:KEE_Tigris+Euphrates.jpg\|Tigris and Euphrates on [[Historical Maps#van der Keere & Plancius (1612)\|Plancius]]' globe gores (1612).
	File:Habrecht1621_GlobeGores_Tigris_cut.jpg\|Tigris on globe gores by Habrecht (1621)		File:Habrecht1621_GlobeGores_Tigris_cut.jpg\|Tigris on globe gores by Habrecht (1621)
	File:Bartsch1661_tigris.jpg\|Tigris in Jakob Barsch (1661) Planisphaerium Stellatum		File:Bartsch1661_tigris.jpg\|Tigris in Jakob Barsch (1661) Planisphaerium Stellatum

Sushoff: /* Identifications */

2026-08-14T10:01:45Z

Identifications

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:01, 14 August 2026
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	* (a) Mesopotamia: western [[Pisces]]		* (a) Mesopotamia: western [[Pisces]]
	* (b) Plancius (1612): southern [[Cygnus]]		* (b) Plancius (1612): southern [[Cygnus]]
			* (c) other authors in the 17th century copied Tigris from Plancius but left out Euphrates

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===
	~~Here we give a list of all sources where the name is attested~~.		<gallery>
			File:KEE_Tigris+Euphrates.jpg\|Tigris and Euphrates on Plancius' globe gores (1612).
			File:Habrecht1621_GlobeGores_Tigris_cut.jpg\|Tigris on globe gores by Habrecht (1621)
			File:Bartsch1661_tigris.jpg\|Tigris in Jakob Barsch (1661) Planisphaerium Stellatum
			</gallery>

	== Mythology ==		== Mythology ==
	Ian Ridpath<ref name=":0" /> writes in the mythology of Pisces<ref>Ian Ridpath, Star Tales online ([http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/pisces.html Pisces])</ref>: <blockquote>The goddess Aphrodite and her son Eros took cover among the reeds on the banks of the Euphrates, but when the wind rustled the undergrowth Aphrodite became fearful. Holding Eros in her lap she called for help to the water nymphs and leapt into the river. In one version of the story, two fish swam up and carried Aphrodite and Eros to safety on their backs, although in another version the two refugees were themselves changed into fish. The mythologists said that because of this story the Syrians would not eat fish, regarding them as gods or the protectors of gods.</blockquote><blockquote>An alternative story, given by Hyginus in the ''Fabulae'', is that an egg fell into the Euphrates and was rolled to the shore by two fish. Doves sat on the egg and from it hatched Aphrodite who, in gratitude, put the fish in the sky.</blockquote>		Ian Ridpath<ref name=":0" /> writes in the mythology of Pisces<ref>Ian Ridpath, Star Tales online ([http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/pisces.html Pisces])</ref>: <blockquote>The goddess Aphrodite and her son Eros took cover among the reeds on the banks of the Euphrates, but when the wind rustled the undergrowth Aphrodite became fearful. Holding Eros in her lap she called for help to the water nymphs and leapt into the river. In one version of the story, two fish swam up and carried Aphrodite and Eros to safety on their backs, although in another version the two refugees were themselves changed into fish. The mythologists said that because of this story the Syrians would not eat fish, regarding them as gods or the protectors of gods.</blockquote><blockquote>An alternative story, given by Hyginus in the ''Fabulae'', is that an egg fell into the Euphrates and was rolled to the shore by two fish. Doves sat on the egg and from it hatched Aphrodite who, in gratitude, put the fish in the sky.</blockquote>

Sushoff at 10:00, 14 August 2026

2026-08-14T10:00:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:00, 14 August 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
			[[File:KEE Tigris+Euphrates.jpg\|thumb\|Tigris and Euphrates on Plancius' globe gores (1612).]]
	Euphrates Fluvius or River Euphrates is an obsolete constellation. It was invented twice in different times and places: First in Southern Mesopotamia in the first millennium BCE and second, (independently) in Europe in the early 17th century.		Euphrates Fluvius or River Euphrates is an obsolete constellation. It was invented twice in different times and places: First in Southern Mesopotamia in the first millennium BCE and second, (independently) in Europe in the early 17th century.

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	==== Early Modern Constellation ====		==== Early Modern Constellation ====
	Ian Ridpath<ref name=":0">Ridpath, Ian, ''Star Tales'' (Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1988) ISBN 0-7188-2695-7 [[https://archive.org/details/startales0000ridp_w3y6 Internet Archive link]] -- a revised and expanded edition was published in 2018 [ISBN 978-07188-9478-8] -- online version on [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/contents.html Ridpath's website].</ref> ~~writes about~~ the ~~17th century~~ constellation:		Ian Ridpath<ref name=":0">Ridpath, Ian, ''Star Tales'' (Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1988) ISBN 0-7188-2695-7 [[https://archive.org/details/startales0000ridp_w3y6 Internet Archive link]] -- a revised and expanded edition was published in 2018 [ISBN 978-07188-9478-8] -- online version on [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/contents.html Ridpath's website].</ref> only mentions Euphrates briefly in his entry on the Tigris<ref>Ian Ridpath, Star Tales, [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/tigris.html online edition: Tigris]</ref> constellation: <blockquote>(...) river Tigris, a real river of Mesopotamia which joins with the Euphrates in the modern Iraq. The constellation was introduced in 1612 by the Dutchman Petrus Plancius (...) </blockquote>

	==== Source ====		==== Source ====

Sushoff at 09:06, 14 August 2026

2026-08-14T09:06:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:06, 14 August 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	~~..., ...,~~ is a constellation ~~from ..~~., ~~used~~ in ~~...~~ Europe ~~from ... to ..~~.		Euphrates Fluvius or River Euphrates is an obsolete constellation. It was invented twice in different times and places: First in Southern Mesopotamia in the first millennium BCE and second, (independently) in Europe in the early 17th century.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==

Sushoff at 09:04, 14 August 2026

2026-08-14T09:04:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:04, 14 August 2026
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
			==== Spelling Variants ====

			* ...
	=== Origin of Constellation ===		=== Origin of Constellation ===
	~~where was it mentioned, what is the earliest source ...~~

	==== ~~Spelling Variants~~ ====		==== Ancient Mesopotamia ====
			[[File:Psc+ari+aqr+and_+rivers.jpg\|thumb\|<sup>Psc-And-area with two rivers overlay to Anunitu + Swallow (SMH 2025)</sup>]]
			<sup>mul íd</sup>[[IDIGNA]] (𒀯𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼), the Tigris-river asterism, is a constellation that is mentioned in late cuneiform texts in the area of northeastern [[Pisces]] and western [[Andromeda]]. Together with the Euphrates' asterism ([[BURANUN]]) it formed a super-constellation that corresponds to the ribbons of classical [[Pisces]] and [[ZIB\|ZIB<sup>me</sup>]] in cuneiform, a late form of [[KUN]]<sup>me(š)</sup> <sup>mul</sup>[[SIM.MAḪ]], the Tails of the Swallow, in MUL.APIN I iv 36.

			Some star lists from the first millennium BCE equate the constellations Anunitu and Swallow with the two river constellations Euphrates and Tigris. The uranology MLC 1866 explicitly mentions that they meet at the "tip of The Tails ([[ZIB\|ZIB<sup>me</sup>]])"ː

			* [MU]L.MEŠ <sup>íd</sup>IDIGNA ''u'' <sup>íd</sup>BURANUN<sup>ki</sup> ''ina ṣip-ri'' <sup>mul</sup>ZIB<sup><me></sup>,
			* "The stars of the Tigris and the Euphrates at the tip of the Tails" (D i 8)

			Beaulieu et al. (2018, 35, 39, Section A)<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>.

	* ...		==== Early Modern Constellation ====
			Ian Ridpath<ref name=":0">Ridpath, Ian, ''Star Tales'' (Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1988) ISBN 0-7188-2695-7 [[https://archive.org/details/startales0000ridp_w3y6 Internet Archive link]] -- a revised and expanded edition was published in 2018 [ISBN 978-07188-9478-8] -- online version on [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/contents.html Ridpath's website].</ref> writes about the 17th century constellation:

	==== Source ====		==== Source ====

	==== Identifications ====		==== Identifications ====
	~~Depending on the season and context, the term "..." can have the following identifications:~~		* (a) Mesopotamia: western [[Pisces]]
			* (b) Plancius (1612): southern [[Cygnus]]
	* (a) ~~The~~ [[~~...~~]] ~~(also ..., ...)~~
	* (b) ~~The [[...]]~~ (~~also ..., ...~~)
	* (c) The tail of [[~~...~~]] ~~(... Scorpii)~~

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===
	Here we give a list of all sources where the name is attested.		Here we give a list of all sources where the name is attested.
	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~
	\|+
	~~!Source~~
	~~!Identification~~
	\|-
	\|
	~~\|Pleiades~~
	\|-
	\|
	~~\|The Hyades~~
	\|}

	== Mythology ==		== Mythology ==
	~~mnemonic tales~~ and ~~cultural significance~~		Ian Ridpath<ref name=":0" /> writes in the mythology of Pisces<ref>Ian Ridpath, Star Tales online ([http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/pisces.html Pisces])</ref>: <blockquote>The goddess Aphrodite and her son Eros took cover among the reeds on the banks of the Euphrates, but when the wind rustled the undergrowth Aphrodite became fearful. Holding Eros in her lap she called for help to the water nymphs and leapt into the river. In one version of the story, two fish swam up and carried Aphrodite and Eros to safety on their backs, although in another version the two refugees were themselves changed into fish. The mythologists said that because of this story the Syrians would not eat fish, regarding them as gods or the protectors of gods.</blockquote><blockquote>An alternative story, given by Hyginus in the ''Fabulae'', is that an egg fell into the Euphrates and was rolled to the shore by two fish. Doves sat on the egg and from it hatched Aphrodite who, in gratitude, put the fish in the sky.</blockquote>

	== Weblinks ==		== Weblinks ==

Sushoff: Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:}} Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}} ---- ..., ..., is a constellation from ..., used in ... Europe from ... to ... ==Concordance, Etymology, History== === Origin of Constellation === where was it mentioned, what is the earliest source ... ==== Spelling Variants ==== * ... ==== Source ==== ==== Identifications ==== Depending on the season and context, the term "..." can have the following identifications: * (a) The ... (also ..., ...) * (b) The [[...]..."

2026-08-14T08:09:38Z

Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:}} Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}} ---- ..., ..., is a constellation from ..., used in ... Europe from ... to ... ==Concordance, Etymology, History== === Origin of Constellation === where was it mentioned, what is the earliest source ... ==== Spelling Variants ==== * ... ==== Source ==== ==== Identifications ==== Depending on the season and context, the term "..." can have the following identifications: * (a) The ... (also ..., ...) * (b) The [[...]..."

New page

{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
..., ..., is a constellation from ..., used in ... Europe from ... to ...

==Concordance, Etymology, History==
=== Origin of Constellation ===
where was it mentioned, what is the earliest source ...

==== Spelling Variants ====

* ...

==== Source ====

==== Identifications ====
Depending on the season and context, the term "..." can have the following identifications:

* (a) The [[...]] (also ..., ...)
* (b) The [[...]] (also ..., ...)
* (c) The tail of [[...]] (... Scorpii)

=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===
Here we give a list of all sources where the name is attested.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Source
!Identification
|-
|
|Pleiades
|-
|
|The Hyades
|}

== Mythology ==
mnemonic tales and cultural significance

== Weblinks ==

* {{NAMESPACE}}

== References ==

* [[References]] (general)

[[Category:European]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]]
[[Category:Asian]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Cuneiform]]