GAM-ti - Revision history

Sushoff at 16:55, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:55:28Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:GAM, ''kippatu''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:GAM, ''kippatu''}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]		[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]

HermannHunger at 10:28, 20 February 2026

2026-02-20T10:28:32Z

Sushoff at 14:51, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:51:07Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:GAM, ''kippatu''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:GAM, ''kippatu''}}
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]		[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]

Sushoff at 07:20, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T07:20:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:20, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:GAM, ''kippatu''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:GAM, ''kippatu''}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]		[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]
	[[File:Enlil withDignitySymbol.jpg\|thumb\|Enlil with Ring+Rod-symbol of dignity, painted by Jessica Gullberg. It is well possible that Enlil was imagined in the constellation that later became the Greek "Ploughman", Bootes, and that CrB was imagined the ring+rod emblem (SMH).]]		[[File:Enlil withDignitySymbol.jpg\|thumb\|Enlil with Ring+Rod-symbol of dignity, painted by Jessica Gullberg. It is well possible that Enlil was imagined in the constellation that later became the Greek "Ploughman", Bootes, and that CrB was imagined the ring+rod emblem (SMH).]]

Sushoff: /* Previous Identification. */

2025-12-17T16:28:44Z

Previous Identification.

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	Constellation:		Constellation:

	= α, β Coronae Borealis [G. 65];		= α, β [[Corona Borealis\|Coronae Borealis]] [G. 65];

	= stars with great brilliance in the western part of the Northern Corona; according to VAT 16436:3, contains 9 stars [Schaumberger 1952, 219]; it is α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB, according to [ASM, 88].		= stars with great brilliance in the western part of the Northern Corona; according to VAT 16436:3, contains 9 stars [Schaumberger 1952, 219]; it is α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB, according to [ASM, 88].

	= Corona Borealis [ASM, 271].		= [[Corona Borealis]] [ASM, 271].

	Ziqpu III:		Ziqpu III:

Sushoff: /* Additional */

2025-12-17T16:28:05Z

Additional

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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Identification. ====		==== Previous Identification. ====
	Constellation:		Constellation:

Sushoff at 19:50, 15 December 2025

2025-12-15T19:50:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:50, 15 December 2025
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	The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abrahm 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slansky<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'		The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abrahm 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slansky<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	~~===Kurtik with Hilder~~, ~~Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=~~==
	[[File:Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism The Circle, Dignity, GAM/ GAM-''ti.'' In Stellarium painted as a horncrown of Babylonian deities by Jessica Gullberg.]]The translation ''<nowiki/>'ring''' is occasionally given but we find it inappropriate. ''kippatu'' in CAD K with jewelry but a loop is good - lets look at scepter and loops in art		[[File:Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism The Circle, Dignity, GAM/ GAM-''ti.'' In Stellarium painted as a horncrown of Babylonian deities by Jessica Gullberg.]]The translation ''<nowiki/>'ring''' is occasionally given but we find it inappropriate. ''kippatu'' in CAD K with jewelry but a loop is good - lets look at scepter and loops in art

	Var. names: GAM; = <sup>mul</sup>''kippatu'' "Ring, Circle";		Var. names:

			* GAM;
			* = <sup>mul</sup>''kippatu'' "Ring, Circle";

	Var. designations:		Var. designations:

Sushoff at 20:50, 3 December 2025

2025-12-03T20:50:36Z

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	[[Category:Asterism]]		[[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
			[[Category:CrB]]

Sushoff at 18:41, 16 August 2025

2025-08-16T18:41:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:41, 16 August 2025
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	The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abrahm 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slansky<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'		The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abrahm 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slansky<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'

	==~~Dictionary~~==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
	[[File:Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism The Circle, Dignity, GAM/ GAM-''ti.'' In Stellarium painted as a horncrown of Babylonian deities by Jessica Gullberg.]]The translation ''<nowiki/>'ring''' is occasionally given but we find it inappropriate. ''kippatu'' in CAD K with jewelry but a loop is good - lets look at scepter and loops in art		[[File:Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism The Circle, Dignity, GAM/ GAM-''ti.'' In Stellarium painted as a horncrown of Babylonian deities by Jessica Gullberg.]]The translation ''<nowiki/>'ring''' is occasionally given but we find it inappropriate. ''kippatu'' in CAD K with jewelry but a loop is good - lets look at scepter and loops in art

Sushoff at 10:13, 4 August 2025

2025-08-04T10:13:42Z

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	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
			[[Category:Asterism]]
			[[Category:Constellation]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:28, 20 February 2026
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	* ˹''kip-pat''˺ as asterism of Anu — asterism AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Tebet, see (Kurtik d05) ''[[Dilbat]]'' 1502.		* ˹''kip-pat''˺ as asterism of Anu — asterism AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Tebet, see (Kurtik d05) ''[[Dilbat]]'' 1502.
	* <sup>d</sup>PA ''u'' <sup>d</sup>LUGAL MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA \| ''kip''<sup>!</sup>-''pat''<sup>!</sup> ''ana ziq-pi'' 30 [...] "~~Shullat~~ and ~~Hanish~~ - (asterism) Antagubba. The ring culminates 30 [...]" [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76: i 10, ii 9' + Anm. 46].		* <sup>d</sup>PA ''u'' <sup>d</sup>LUGAL MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA \| ''kip''<sup>!</sup>-''pat''<sup>!</sup> ''ana ziq-pi'' 30 [...] "Šullat and Haniš - (asterism) Antagubba. The ring culminates 30 [...]" [Donbaz and Koch 1995, 76: i 10, ii 9' + Anm. 46].

	Observations during the time of Sargon II:		Observations during the time of Sargon II:

	* ''ina'' U[GU] / <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pi-te u''<sub>2</sub>-''s''[''ar-ri''] / ''ina'' UGU MUL ''taš-ka-''[''a-ti''] / [''i'']''t-tu-u''<sub>2</sub>-''aḫ'' [xx]		* ''ina'' U[GU] / <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pi-te u''<sub>2</sub>-''s''[''ar-ri''] / ''ina'' UGU MUL ''taš-ka-''[''a-ti''] / [''i'']''t-tu-u''<sub>2</sub>-''aḫ'' [xx]
	* "(The storm) beg[an] (during the culmination) of the Ring and [su]bsided (when the stars of the) Tripl[ets] (culminated)". [Lanfranchi-Parpola 1990, 249:12ʹ-15ʹ].		* "(The storm) beg[an] (during the culmination) of the Ring and [su]bsided (when the stars of the) Tripl[ets] (culminated)". [Lanfranchi and Parpola 1990, 249:12ʹ-15ʹ].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Lists of ziqpu stars.'''		\|'''Lists of ziqpu stars.'''
	* (1) AO 6478:		* (1) AO 6478:
	** (a) 2 MA.NA KI.LA<sub>2</sub> \| 12 UŠ ''i-na qaq-qa-ri'' \| 21 ~~IGI~~ 6 ME DAN[NA ''i-na šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> \| TA <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN. ANŠE EGIR-''ti'' \| EN <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "2 ~~min weights~~, ~~120~~ on the ground, 21600 miles in the sky / From the Hind section of the Rope to the Ri[ng]",		** (a) 2 MA.NA KI.LA<sub>2</sub> \| 12 UŠ ''i-na qaq-qa-ri'' \| 21 ''lim'' 6 ''me'' DAN[NA ''i-na šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> \| TA <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN. ANŠE EGIR-''ti'' \| EN <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "2 mina weight, 12 UŠ on the ground, 21600 miles in the sky / From the Hind section of the Rope to the Ri[ng]",
	** (b) 2½ MA. NA MIN \| ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN (=''ina qaqqari'') \| 27 ~~IGI~~ DANNA [''ina'' KI.MIN] (=''ina šamê'') \| TA <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' \| EN MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''maš-a-ti'' "2½ ~~min~~ weight, ~~150~~ on earth, 27000 miles in the sky, from the Ring to the star from the Twins" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:7-10; TU, 21:7-10; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229].		** (b) 2½ MA. NA MIN \| ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN (=''ina qaqqari'') \| 27 ''lim'' DANNA [''ina'' KI.MIN] (=''ina šamê'') \| TA <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' \| EN MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''maš-a-ti'' "2½ mina weight, ½ ''bēru'' on earth, 27000 miles in the sky, from the Ring to the star from the Twins" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:7-10; TU, 21:7-10; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229].
	* (2) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' // 9 // 7 ~~IGI~~ 2 ME KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "ring // 9 (stars) / 7200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:20].		* (2) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' // 9 // 7 ''lim'' 2 ''me'' KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "ring // 9 (stars) / 7200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:20].
	* (3) Sippar Planisphere:		* (3) Sippar Planisphere:
	** a) 12 UŠ ''ana'' [<sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "~~120~~ to the [Ring]" (rev. 3),		** a) 12 UŠ ''ana'' [<sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "12 UŠ to the [Ring]" (rev. 3),
	** b) <sup>mul</sup>[GAM-''t'']''i'' "[Rin]g," a circle of 9 points in the diagram (obv., Segment 6) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:3, 176-178].		** b) <sup>mul</sup>[GAM-''t'']''i'' "[Rin]g," a circle of 9 points in the diagram (obv., Segment 6) [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:3, 176-178].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''GU-text.'''		\|'''GU-text.'''
	* (P) <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''kip-pat'' kimin igi <sup>mul</sup>za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz gu		* (P) <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''kip-pat'' kimin igi <sup>mul</sup>za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz gu
	* "Ring (ziqpu III: α CrB), or eye of Zababa (η Oph), ~~Sharur~~ (and) ~~Shargas~~ (λ, υ Sco)=: string" [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:26]; according to [Koch 1992, 59], igi <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> is υ Oph.		* "Ring (ziqpu III: α CrB), or eye of Zababa (η Oph), Šarur (and) Šargaz (λ, υ Sco)=: string" [Pingree and Walker 1988, BM 78161:26]; according to [Koch 1992, 59], igi <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> is υ Oph.
	\|[[File:TheCircle Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism of Dignity/ The Circle, painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]		\|[[File:TheCircle Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism of Dignity/ The Circle, painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]
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	\|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''		\|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''
	* (1) A[N...]/ 3 KUŠ<sub>3</sub> SIG ''kip-pat'' IGI "Mars appeared 3 cubits below the Ring" [AD II, No.-234: 7-9].		* (1) A[N...]/ 3 KUŠ<sub>3</sub> SIG ''kip-pat'' IGI "Mars appeared 3 cubits below the Ring" [AD II, No.-234: 7-9].
	* (2) When describing the motion of comets: KUŠ<sup>?</sup> e ''kip-pat mi-šiḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' ULU<sub>3</sub> "...cubits? above the Ring, its tail to the south". [AD III, No.-162 r. 9].		* (2) When describing the motion of comets: KUŠ<sub>3</sub><sup>?</sup> ''e'' ''kip-pat mi-šiḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' ULU<sub>3</sub> "...cubits? above the Ring, its tail to the south". [AD III, No.-162 r. 9].
	\|		\|
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	Ziqpu III:		Ziqpu III:

	= α Coronae Borealis [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree-Walker 1988, 321; Koch 1992, 59; ASM, 86].		= α Coronae Borealis [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree and Walker 1988, 321; Koch 1992, 59; ASM, 86].

	See also (Kurtik b02) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]].		See also (Kurtik b02) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]].