GAM-ti - Revision history

Sushoff at 16:21, 10 June 2026

2026-06-10T16:21:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 10 June 2026
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	GAM (𒃵) = ''kippatu'' (𒄒𒉺𒀜), 'The Circle, The Ring'. An asterism whose literal name in Sumerian and Akkadian is 'The circle.' It is also used as an alternative name for [[Corona Borealis]] (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]], perhaps in reference to the circular element at the constellations bottom edge. Lexical evidence suggests that the Sumerian reading for this meaning of the sign GAM is gur<sub>2</sub>. Writings of the asterism's name GAM-''ti'' add the phonetic complement 'ti' to assure the Akkadian ''kippatu''. This asterism is said to have 9 stars in the ''ziqpu''-star texts.		GAM (𒃵) = ''kippatu'' (𒄒𒉺𒀜), 'The Circle, The Ring'. An asterism whose literal name in Sumerian and Akkadian is 'The circle.' It is also used as an alternative name for [[Corona Borealis]] (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]], perhaps in reference to the circular element at the constellations bottom edge. Lexical evidence suggests that the Sumerian reading for this meaning of the sign GAM is gur<sub>2</sub>. Writings of the asterism's name GAM-''ti'' add the phonetic complement 'ti' to assure the Akkadian ''kippatu''. This asterism is said to have 9 stars in the ''ziqpu''-star texts.

	The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abraham 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and ~~Slansky~~<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'		The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abraham (2011)<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slanski (2007)<ref>Slanski (2007), “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	[[File:Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism The Circle, Dignity, GAM/ GAM-''ti.'' In Stellarium painted as a horncrown of Babylonian deities by Jessica Gullberg.]]The translation ''<nowiki/>'ring''' is occasionally given but we find it inappropriate. ''kippatu'' in CAD K with jewelry but a loop is good - lets look at scepter and loops in art		[[File:Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism The Circle, Dignity, GAM/ GAM-''ti.'' In Stellarium painted as a horncrown of Babylonian deities by Jessica Gullberg.]]The translation ''<nowiki/>'ring''' is occasionally given but we find it inappropriate. ''kippatu'' in CAD K with jewelry but a loop is good - lets look at scepter and loops in art

	Var. names:		'''Var. names:'''

	* GAM;		* GAM;
	* = <sup>mul</sup>''kippatu'' "Ring, Circle";		* = <sup>mul</sup>''kippatu'' "Ring, Circle";

	Var. designations:		'''Var. designations:'''

	* 1) = ''ziqpu'' III (α Coronae Borealis, Gemma),		* 1) = ''ziqpu'' III (α Coronae Borealis, Gemma),

WayneHorowitz at 05:11, 10 June 2026

2026-06-10T05:11:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:11, 10 June 2026
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	[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]		[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]
	[[File:Enlil withDignitySymbol.jpg\|thumb\|Enlil with Ring+Rod-symbol of dignity, painted by Jessica Gullberg. It is well possible that Enlil was imagined in the constellation [[ŠU.PA]] that later became the Greek "Ploughman", [[Bootes]], and that CrB was imagined the ring+rod emblem (SMH).]]		[[File:Enlil withDignitySymbol.jpg\|thumb\|Enlil with Ring+Rod-symbol of dignity, painted by Jessica Gullberg. It is well possible that Enlil was imagined in the constellation [[ŠU.PA]] that later became the Greek "Ploughman", [[Bootes]], and that CrB was imagined the ring+rod emblem (SMH).]]
	GAM (𒃵) = ''kippatu'' (𒄒𒉺𒀜), 'The Circle'. An asterism whose literal name in Sumerian and Akkadian is 'The circle.' It is also used as an alternative name for [[Corona Borealis]] (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]], perhaps in reference to the circular element at the constellations bottom edge. Lexical evidence suggests that the Sumerian reading for this meaning of the sign GAM is gur<sub>2</sub>. Writings of the asterism's name GAM-''ti'' add the phonetic complement 'ti' to assure the Akkadian ''kippatu''. This asterism is said to have 9 stars in the ''ziqpu''-star texts.		GAM (𒃵) = ''kippatu'' (𒄒𒉺𒀜), 'The Circle, The Ring'. An asterism whose literal name in Sumerian and Akkadian is 'The circle.' It is also used as an alternative name for [[Corona Borealis]] (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]], perhaps in reference to the circular element at the constellations bottom edge. Lexical evidence suggests that the Sumerian reading for this meaning of the sign GAM is gur<sub>2</sub>. Writings of the asterism's name GAM-''ti'' add the phonetic complement 'ti' to assure the Akkadian ''kippatu''. This asterism is said to have 9 stars in the ''ziqpu''-star texts.

	The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abraham 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slansky<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'		The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abraham 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slansky<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'

Sushoff at 20:27, 6 June 2026

2026-06-06T20:27:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:27, 6 June 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]		[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]
	[[File:Enlil withDignitySymbol.jpg\|thumb\|Enlil with Ring+Rod-symbol of dignity, painted by Jessica Gullberg. It is well possible that Enlil was imagined in the constellation that later became the Greek "Ploughman", Bootes, and that CrB was imagined the ring+rod emblem (SMH).]]		[[File:Enlil withDignitySymbol.jpg\|thumb\|Enlil with Ring+Rod-symbol of dignity, painted by Jessica Gullberg. It is well possible that Enlil was imagined in the constellation [[ŠU.PA]] that later became the Greek "Ploughman", [[Bootes]], and that CrB was imagined the ring+rod emblem (SMH).]]
	GAM (𒃵) = ''kippatu'' (𒄒𒉺𒀜), 'The Circle'. An asterism whose literal name in Sumerian and Akkadian is 'The circle.' It is also used as an alternative name for [[Corona Borealis]] (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]], perhaps in reference to the circular element at the constellations bottom edge. Lexical evidence suggests that the Sumerian reading for this meaning of the sign GAM is gur<sub>2</sub>. Writings of the asterism's name GAM-''ti'' add the phonetic complement 'ti' to assure the Akkadian ''kippatu''. This asterism is said to have 9 stars in the ''ziqpu''-star texts.		GAM (𒃵) = ''kippatu'' (𒄒𒉺𒀜), 'The Circle'. An asterism whose literal name in Sumerian and Akkadian is 'The circle.' It is also used as an alternative name for [[Corona Borealis]] (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]], perhaps in reference to the circular element at the constellations bottom edge. Lexical evidence suggests that the Sumerian reading for this meaning of the sign GAM is gur<sub>2</sub>. Writings of the asterism's name GAM-''ti'' add the phonetic complement 'ti' to assure the Akkadian ''kippatu''. This asterism is said to have 9 stars in the ''ziqpu''-star texts.

HermannHunger at 19:23, 6 June 2026

2026-06-06T19:23:38Z

YoulaAzkarrula at 05:37, 20 May 2026

2026-05-20T05:37:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:37, 20 May 2026
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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Akkadian]]		[[Category:Akkadian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]

WayneHorowitz at 12:02, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T12:02:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:02, 14 May 2026
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	[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]		[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]
	[[File:Enlil withDignitySymbol.jpg\|thumb\|Enlil with Ring+Rod-symbol of dignity, painted by Jessica Gullberg. It is well possible that Enlil was imagined in the constellation that later became the Greek "Ploughman", Bootes, and that CrB was imagined the ring+rod emblem (SMH).]]		[[File:Enlil withDignitySymbol.jpg\|thumb\|Enlil with Ring+Rod-symbol of dignity, painted by Jessica Gullberg. It is well possible that Enlil was imagined in the constellation that later became the Greek "Ploughman", Bootes, and that CrB was imagined the ring+rod emblem (SMH).]]
	GAM (𒃵) = ''kippatu'' (𒄒𒉺𒀜), 'The Circle'. An astermism whose literal name in Sumerian and Akkadian is 'The circle.' It is also used as an alternative name for [[Corona Borealis]] (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]], perhaps in reference to the circular element at the constellations bottom edge. Lexical evidence suggests that the Sumerian reading for this meaning of the sign GAM is gur<sub>2</sub>. Writings of the asterism's name GAM-''ti'' add the phonetic complement 'ti' to assure the Akkadian ''kippatu''.		GAM (𒃵) = ''kippatu'' (𒄒𒉺𒀜), 'The Circle'. An astermism whose literal name in Sumerian and Akkadian is 'The circle.' It is also used as an alternative name for [[Corona Borealis]] (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]], perhaps in reference to the circular element at the constellations bottom edge. Lexical evidence suggests that the Sumerian reading for this meaning of the sign GAM is gur<sub>2</sub>. Writings of the asterism's name GAM-''ti'' add the phonetic complement 'ti' to assure the Akkadian ''kippatu''. This asterism is said to have 9 stars in the ''ziqpu''-star texts.

	The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abrahm 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slansky<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'		The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abrahm 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slansky<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'

Sushoff at 17:53, 9 May 2026

2026-05-09T17:53:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 9 May 2026
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	** a) 12 UŠ ''ana'' [<sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "12 UŠ to the [Ring]" (rev. 3),		** a) 12 UŠ ''ana'' [<sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "12 UŠ to the [Ring]" (rev. 3),
	** b) <sup>mul</sup>[GAM-''t'']''i'' "[Rin]g," a circle of 9 points in the diagram (obv., Segment 6) [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:3, 176-178].		** b) <sup>mul</sup>[GAM-''t'']''i'' "[Rin]g," a circle of 9 points in the diagram (obv., Segment 6) [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:3, 176-178].
	\|		\|[[File:AlRawi planisphere CrB.jpg\|thumb\|CrB on the Sippar planisphere (al-Rawi 2001), referred to as "kippatu".]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''GU-text.'''		\|'''GU-text.'''

JanSafford at 16:33, 23 April 2026

2026-04-23T16:33:29Z

JanSafford: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[3] */

2026-04-23T16:28:18Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[3]

Sushoff at 16:55, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:55:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:55, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:GAM, ''kippatu''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:GAM, ''kippatu''}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]		[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:23, 6 June 2026
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	[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]		[[File:Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele.jpg\|thumb\|Ancient Near Eastern Art The Ur-Nammu Stele, God of Ur with Enlil & Tree of Life, c. 2060 BCE.]]
	[[File:Enlil withDignitySymbol.jpg\|thumb\|Enlil with Ring+Rod-symbol of dignity, painted by Jessica Gullberg. It is well possible that Enlil was imagined in the constellation that later became the Greek "Ploughman", Bootes, and that CrB was imagined the ring+rod emblem (SMH).]]		[[File:Enlil withDignitySymbol.jpg\|thumb\|Enlil with Ring+Rod-symbol of dignity, painted by Jessica Gullberg. It is well possible that Enlil was imagined in the constellation that later became the Greek "Ploughman", Bootes, and that CrB was imagined the ring+rod emblem (SMH).]]
	GAM (𒃵) = ''kippatu'' (𒄒𒉺𒀜), 'The Circle'. An ~~astermism~~ whose literal name in Sumerian and Akkadian is 'The circle.' It is also used as an alternative name for [[Corona Borealis]] (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]], perhaps in reference to the circular element at the constellations bottom edge. Lexical evidence suggests that the Sumerian reading for this meaning of the sign GAM is gur<sub>2</sub>. Writings of the asterism's name GAM-''ti'' add the phonetic complement 'ti' to assure the Akkadian ''kippatu''. This asterism is said to have 9 stars in the ''ziqpu''-star texts.		GAM (𒃵) = ''kippatu'' (𒄒𒉺𒀜), 'The Circle'. An asterism whose literal name in Sumerian and Akkadian is 'The circle.' It is also used as an alternative name for [[Corona Borealis]] (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]], perhaps in reference to the circular element at the constellations bottom edge. Lexical evidence suggests that the Sumerian reading for this meaning of the sign GAM is gur<sub>2</sub>. Writings of the asterism's name GAM-''ti'' add the phonetic complement 'ti' to assure the Akkadian ''kippatu''. This asterism is said to have 9 stars in the ''ziqpu''-star texts.

	The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently ~~Abrahm~~ 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slansky<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'		The image intended by the name 'The Circle' matches pictorial evidence for 'the rod and ring' in Mesopotamian art. See e.g. most recently Abraham 2011<ref>M Abram (2011). A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring. Studia Antiqua, Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5, BYU ScholarsArchive <nowiki>https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu</nowiki></ref> and Slansky<ref>Slanski, “The Mesopotamian 'Rod and Ring': Icon of Righteous Kingship and Balance of Power between Palace and Temple,” in Regime Change in the Ancient Near.</ref> what ever year it is.'

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
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	Var. designations:		Var. designations:

	* 1) = ziqpu III (α Coronae Borealis, Gemma),		* 1) = ''ziqpu'' III (α Coronae Borealis, Gemma),
	* 2) a group of stars in Corona Borealis [~~Gossmann~~ 1950, 65; AHw, 483a; Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":1">Schaumberger J. Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrifttexten // ZA. 50 (N.F. 16), 214-229.</ref>].		* 2) a group of stars in Corona Borealis [Gössmann 1950, 65; AHw, 483a; Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":1">Schaumberger J. Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrifttexten // ZA. 50 (N.F. 16), 214-229.</ref>].

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	Text Nv. 10. Intercalation scheme:		Text Nv. 10. Intercalation scheme:

	* ˹''kip-pat''˺ as asterism of Anu — asterism AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month ~~of Tebet~~, see (Kurtik d05) ''[[Dilbat]]'' 1502.		* ˹''kip-pat''˺ as asterism of Anu — asterism AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month Ṭebet, see (Kurtik d05) ''[[Dilbat]]'' 1502.
	* <sup>d</sup>PA ''u'' <sup>d</sup>LUGAL MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA \| ''kip''<sup>!</sup>-''pat''<sup>!</sup> ''ana ziq-pi'' 30 [...] "Šullat and Haniš - (asterism) Antagubba. The ring culminates 30 [...]" [Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref>Donbaz V., Koch J. Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>, 76: i 10, ii 9' + Anm. 46].		* <sup>d</sup>PA ''u'' <sup>d</sup>LUGAL MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA \| ''kip''<sup>!</sup>-''pat''<sup>!</sup> ''ana ziq-pi'' 30 [...] "Šullat and Haniš - (asterism) Antagubba. The ring culminates 30 [...]" [Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref>Donbaz V., Koch J. Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>, 76: i 10, ii 9' + Anm. 46].

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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Lists of ziqpu stars.'''		\|'''Lists of ''ziqpu'' stars.'''
	* (1) AO 6478:		* (1) AO 6478:
	** (a) 2 MA.NA KI.LA<sub>2</sub> \| 12 UŠ ''i-na qaq-qa-ri'' \| 21 ''lim'' 6 ''me'' DAN[NA ''i-na šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> \| TA <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN. ANŠE EGIR-''ti'' \| EN <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "2 mina weight, 12 UŠ on the ground, 21600 miles in the sky / From the Hind section of the Rope to the Ri[ng]",		** (a) 2 MA.NA KI.LA<sub>2</sub> \| 12 UŠ ''i-na qaq-qa-ri'' \| 21 ''lim'' 6 ''me'' DAN[NA ''i-na šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> \| TA <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN. ANŠE EGIR-''ti'' \| EN <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "2 mina weight, 12 UŠ on the ground, 21600 miles in the sky / From the Hind section of the Rope to the Ri[ng]",
	** (b) 2½ MA. NA MIN \| ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN (=''ina qaqqari'') \| 27 ''lim'' DANNA [''ina'' KI.MIN] (=''ina šamê'') \| TA <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' \| EN MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''maš-a-ti'' "2½ mina weight, ½ ''bēru'' on earth, 27000 miles in the sky, from the Ring to the star from the Twins" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:7-10; TU, 21:7-10; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229].		** (b) 2½ MA.NA MIN \| ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN (=''ina qaqqari'') \| 27 ''lim'' DANNA [''ina'' KI.MIN] (=''ina šamê'') \| TA <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' \| EN MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''maš-a-ti'' "2½ mina weight, ½ ''bēru'' on earth, 27000 miles in the sky, from the Ring to the star from the Twins" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:7-10; TU, 21:7-10; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229].
	* (2) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' // 9 // 7 ''lim'' 2 ''me'' KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "ring // 9 (stars) / 7200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":1" />, 226-227:20].		* (2) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' // 9 // 7 ''lim'' 2 ''me'' KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "ring // 9 (stars) / 7200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":1" />, 226-227:20].
	* (3) Sippar Planisphere:		* (3) Sippar Planisphere:
	** a) 12 UŠ ''ana'' [<sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "~~12 UŠ~~ to the [Ring]" (rev. 3),		** a) 12 UŠ ''ana'' [<sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "12° to the [Ring]" (rev. 3),
	** b) <sup>mul</sup>[GAM-''t'']''i'' "[Rin]g," a circle of 9 points in the diagram (obv., Segment 6) [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:3, 176-178].		** b) <sup>mul</sup>[GAM-''t'']''i'' "[Rin]g," a circle of 9 points in the diagram (obv., Segment 6) [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:3, 176-178].
	\|[[File:AlRawi planisphere CrB.jpg\|thumb\|CrB on the Sippar planisphere (al-Rawi 2001), referred to as "kippatu".]]		\|[[File:AlRawi planisphere CrB.jpg\|thumb\|CrB on the Sippar planisphere (al-Rawi 2001), referred to as "kippatu".]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''GU-text.'''		\|'''GU-text.'''
	* (P) <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''kip-pat'' ~~kimin igi~~ <sup>mul</sup>za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz gu		* (P) <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''kip-pat'' KIMIN IGI <sup>mul</sup>za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz GU
	* "Ring (ziqpu III: α CrB), or eye of Zababa (η Oph), Šarur (and) Šargaz (λ, υ Sco)=: string" [Pingree and Walker 1988<ref name=":2" />, BM 78161:26]; according to [Koch 1992, 59], igi <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> is υ Oph.		* "Ring (''ziqpu'' III: α CrB), or eye of Zababa (η Oph), Šarur (and) Šargaz (λ, υ Sco): a string" [Pingree and Walker 1988<ref name=":2" />, BM 78161:26]; according to [Koch 1992, 59], igi <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> is υ Oph.
	\|[[File:TheCircle Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism of Dignity/ The Circle, painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]		\|[[File:TheCircle Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism of Dignity/ The Circle, painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Calendar of daily risings and settings of the ziqpu-star.'''		\|'''Calendar of daily risings and settings of the ziqpu-star.'''
	See. [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":1" />, 247-251].		See [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":1" />, 247-251].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	* ''ki-i'' <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat a-na ziq-pi izzazu''(GUB)<sup>zu</sup> <sup>d</sup>''Sîn''(30) ''attalû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ša''[''r-r'']''u''-''u''<sub>2</sub>		* ''ki-i'' <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat a-na ziq-pi izzazu''(GUB)<sup>zu</sup> <sup>d</sup>''Sîn''(30) ''attalû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ša''[''r-r'']''u''-''u''<sub>2</sub>
	* "If the Ring culminates (and) the lunar eclipse should begin..." [SpTU III, 102:18]. See also U.197 obv. 5': <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' [...] [Sachs 1952<ref>Sachs A. Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 74].		* "When the Ring culminates (and) the lunar eclipse should begin..." [SpTU III, 102:18]. See also U.197 obv. 5': <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' [...] [Sachs 1952<ref>Sachs A. Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 74].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
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	= [[Corona Borealis]] [ASM<ref name=":0" />, 271].		= [[Corona Borealis]] [ASM<ref name=":0" />, 271].

	Ziqpu III:		''Ziqpu'' III:

	= α Coronae Borealis [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree and Walker 1988<ref name=":2">Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 313-322.</ref>, 321; Koch 1992<ref>Koch J. Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 59; ASM<ref name=":0" />, 86].		= α Coronae Borealis [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree and Walker 1988<ref name=":2">Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 313-322.</ref>, 321; Koch 1992<ref>Koch J. Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 59; ASM<ref name=":0" />, 86].

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:33, 23 April 2026
Line 19:		Line 19:

	* 1) = ziqpu III (α Coronae Borealis, Gemma),		* 1) = ziqpu III (α Coronae Borealis, Gemma),
	* 2) a group of stars in Corona Borealis [Gossmann 1950, 65; AHw, 483a; Schaumberger 1952<ref>Schaumberger J. Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrifttexten // ZA. 50 (N.F. 16), 214-229.</ref>].		* 2) a group of stars in Corona Borealis [Gossmann 1950, 65; AHw, 483a; Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":1">Schaumberger J. Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrifttexten // ZA. 50 (N.F. 16), 214-229.</ref>].

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
Line 41:		Line 41:
	** (a) 2 MA.NA KI.LA<sub>2</sub> \| 12 UŠ ''i-na qaq-qa-ri'' \| 21 ''lim'' 6 ''me'' DAN[NA ''i-na šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> \| TA <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN. ANŠE EGIR-''ti'' \| EN <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "2 mina weight, 12 UŠ on the ground, 21600 miles in the sky / From the Hind section of the Rope to the Ri[ng]",		** (a) 2 MA.NA KI.LA<sub>2</sub> \| 12 UŠ ''i-na qaq-qa-ri'' \| 21 ''lim'' 6 ''me'' DAN[NA ''i-na šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> \| TA <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN. ANŠE EGIR-''ti'' \| EN <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "2 mina weight, 12 UŠ on the ground, 21600 miles in the sky / From the Hind section of the Rope to the Ri[ng]",
	** (b) 2½ MA. NA MIN \| ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN (=''ina qaqqari'') \| 27 ''lim'' DANNA [''ina'' KI.MIN] (=''ina šamê'') \| TA <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' \| EN MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''maš-a-ti'' "2½ mina weight, ½ ''bēru'' on earth, 27000 miles in the sky, from the Ring to the star from the Twins" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:7-10; TU, 21:7-10; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229].		** (b) 2½ MA. NA MIN \| ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN (=''ina qaqqari'') \| 27 ''lim'' DANNA [''ina'' KI.MIN] (=''ina šamê'') \| TA <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' \| EN MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''maš-a-ti'' "2½ mina weight, ½ ''bēru'' on earth, 27000 miles in the sky, from the Ring to the star from the Twins" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:7-10; TU, 21:7-10; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229].
	* (2) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' // 9 // 7 ''lim'' 2 ''me'' KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "ring // 9 (stars) / 7200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:20].		* (2) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' // 9 // 7 ''lim'' 2 ''me'' KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "ring // 9 (stars) / 7200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":1" />, 226-227:20].
	* (3) Sippar Planisphere:		* (3) Sippar Planisphere:
	** a) 12 UŠ ''ana'' [<sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "12 UŠ to the [Ring]" (rev. 3),		** a) 12 UŠ ''ana'' [<sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "12 UŠ to the [Ring]" (rev. 3),
Line 49:		Line 49:
	\|'''GU-text.'''		\|'''GU-text.'''
	* (P) <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''kip-pat'' kimin igi <sup>mul</sup>za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz gu		* (P) <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''kip-pat'' kimin igi <sup>mul</sup>za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz gu
	* "Ring (ziqpu III: α CrB), or eye of Zababa (η Oph), Šarur (and) Šargaz (λ, υ Sco)=: string" [Pingree and Walker 1988, BM 78161:26]; according to [Koch 1992, 59], igi <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> is υ Oph.		* "Ring (ziqpu III: α CrB), or eye of Zababa (η Oph), Šarur (and) Šargaz (λ, υ Sco)=: string" [Pingree and Walker 1988<ref name=":2" />, BM 78161:26]; according to [Koch 1992, 59], igi <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> is υ Oph.
	\|[[File:TheCircle Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism of Dignity/ The Circle, painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]		\|[[File:TheCircle Dignity BabAsterism.jpg\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian asterism of Dignity/ The Circle, painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Calendar of daily risings and settings of the ziqpu-star.'''		\|'''Calendar of daily risings and settings of the ziqpu-star.'''
	See. [Schaumberger 1955, 247-251].		See. [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":1" />, 247-251].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''		\|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''
	* (1) A[N...]/ 3 KUŠ<sub>3</sub> SIG ''kip-pat'' IGI "Mars appeared 3 cubits below the Ring" [AD II, No.-234: 7-9].		* (1) A[N...]/ 3 KUŠ<sub>3</sub> SIG ''kip-pat'' IGI "Mars appeared 3 cubits below the Ring" [Sachs & Hunger Diaries<ref name=":3">Sachs A., Hunger H. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991</ref> II, No.-234: 7-9].
	* (2) When describing the motion of comets: KUŠ<sub>3</sub><sup>?</sup> ''e'' ''kip-pat mi-šiḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' ULU<sub>3</sub> "...cubits? above the Ring, its tail to the south". [AD III, No.-162 r. 9].		* (2) When describing the motion of comets: KUŠ<sub>3</sub><sup>?</sup> ''e'' ''kip-pat mi-šiḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' ULU<sub>3</sub> "...cubits? above the Ring, its tail to the south". [Sachs & Hunger Diaries<ref name=":3" /> III, No.-162 r. 9].
	\|		\|
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	* ''ki-i'' <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat a-na ziq-pi izzazu''(GUB)<sup>zu</sup> <sup>d</sup>''Sîn''(30) ''attalû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ša''[''r-r'']''u''-''u''<sub>2</sub>		* ''ki-i'' <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat a-na ziq-pi izzazu''(GUB)<sup>zu</sup> <sup>d</sup>''Sîn''(30) ''attalû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ša''[''r-r'']''u''-''u''<sub>2</sub>
	* "If the Ring culminates (and) the lunar eclipse should begin..." [SpTU III, 102:18]. See also U.197 obv. 5': <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' [...] [Sachs 1952, 74].		* "If the Ring culminates (and) the lunar eclipse should begin..." [SpTU III, 102:18]. See also U.197 obv. 5': <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' [...] [Sachs 1952<ref>Sachs A. Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 74].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
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	Ziqpu III:		Ziqpu III:

	= α Coronae Borealis [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree and Walker 1988<ref>Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 313-322.</ref>, 321; Koch 1992<ref>Koch J. Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 59; ASM<ref name=":0" />, 86].		= α Coronae Borealis [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree and Walker 1988<ref name=":2">Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 313-322.</ref>, 321; Koch 1992<ref>Koch J. Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 59; ASM<ref name=":0" />, 86].

	See also (Kurtik b02) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]].		See also (Kurtik b02) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 23 April 2026
Line 19:		Line 19:

	* 1) = ziqpu III (α Coronae Borealis, Gemma),		* 1) = ziqpu III (α Coronae Borealis, Gemma),
	* 2) a group of stars in Corona Borealis [G. 65; AHw, 483a; Schaumberger 1952].		* 2) a group of stars in Corona Borealis [Gossmann 1950, 65; AHw, 483a; Schaumberger 1952<ref>Schaumberger J. Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrifttexten // ZA. 50 (N.F. 16), 214-229.</ref>].

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	* ˹''kip-pat''˺ as asterism of Anu — asterism AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Tebet, see (Kurtik d05) ''[[Dilbat]]'' 1502.		* ˹''kip-pat''˺ as asterism of Anu — asterism AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Tebet, see (Kurtik d05) ''[[Dilbat]]'' 1502.
	* <sup>d</sup>PA ''u'' <sup>d</sup>LUGAL MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA \| ''kip''<sup>!</sup>-''pat''<sup>!</sup> ''ana ziq-pi'' 30 [...] "Šullat and Haniš - (asterism) Antagubba. The ring culminates 30 [...]" [Donbaz and Koch 1995, 76: i 10, ii 9' + Anm. 46].		* <sup>d</sup>PA ''u'' <sup>d</sup>LUGAL MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA \| ''kip''<sup>!</sup>-''pat''<sup>!</sup> ''ana ziq-pi'' 30 [...] "Šullat and Haniš - (asterism) Antagubba. The ring culminates 30 [...]" [Donbaz and Koch 1995<ref>Donbaz V., Koch J. Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS 47, 63-83.</ref>, 76: i 10, ii 9' + Anm. 46].

	Observations during the time of Sargon II:		Observations during the time of Sargon II:

	* ''ina'' U[GU] / <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pi-te u''<sub>2</sub>-''s''[''ar-ri''] / ''ina'' UGU MUL ''taš-ka-''[''a-ti''] / [''i'']''t-tu-u''<sub>2</sub>-''aḫ'' [xx]		* ''ina'' U[GU] / <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pi-te u''<sub>2</sub>-''s''[''ar-ri''] / ''ina'' UGU MUL ''taš-ka-''[''a-ti''] / [''i'']''t-tu-u''<sub>2</sub>-''aḫ'' [xx]
	* "(The storm) beg[an] (during the culmination) of the Ring and [su]bsided (when the stars of the) Tripl[ets] (culminated)". [Lanfranchi and Parpola 1990, 249:12ʹ-15ʹ].		* "(The storm) beg[an] (during the culmination) of the Ring and [su]bsided (when the stars of the) Tripl[ets] (culminated)". [Lanfranchi and Parpola 1990<ref>Lanfranchi G.B., Parpola S. The Correspondence of Sargon II. Part II. Helsinki University Press, 1990 (State Archives of Assyria, Vol. V).</ref>, 249:12ʹ-15ʹ].
	\|		\|
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	= α, β [[Corona Borealis\|Coronae Borealis]] [G. 65];		= α, β [[Corona Borealis\|Coronae Borealis]] [G. 65];

	= stars with great brilliance in the western part of the Northern Corona; according to VAT 16436:3, contains 9 stars [Schaumberger 1952, 219]; it is α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB, according to [ASM, 88].		= stars with great brilliance in the western part of the Northern Corona; according to VAT 16436:3, contains 9 stars [Schaumberger 1952, 219]; it is α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB, according to [ASM<ref name=":0">Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 88].

	= [[Corona Borealis]] [ASM, 271].		= [[Corona Borealis]] [ASM<ref name=":0" />, 271].

	Ziqpu III:		Ziqpu III:

	= α Coronae Borealis [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree and Walker 1988, 321; Koch 1992, 59; ASM, 86].		= α Coronae Borealis [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree and Walker 1988<ref>Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 313-322.</ref>, 321; Koch 1992<ref>Koch J. Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 59; ASM<ref name=":0" />, 86].

	See also (Kurtik b02) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]].		See also (Kurtik b02) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A\|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]].