GAM3 - Revision history

Sushoff at 16:55, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:55:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:55, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Crook stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Gamlu, The Crook, in Stellarium (CC BY J. Gullberg and S. Hoffmann).]]		[[File:Crook stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Gamlu, The Crook, in Stellarium (CC BY J. Gullberg and S. Hoffmann).]]

HermannHunger at 11:17, 20 February 2026

2026-02-20T11:17:05Z

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Sushoff at 14:51, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:51:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:51, 22 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>}}
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Crook stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Gamlu, The Crook, in Stellarium (CC BY J. Gullberg and S. Hoffmann).]]		[[File:Crook stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Gamlu, The Crook, in Stellarium (CC BY J. Gullberg and S. Hoffmann).]]

Sushoff at 07:20, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T07:20:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:20, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Crook stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Gamlu, The Crook, in Stellarium (CC BY J. Gullberg and S. Hoffmann).]]		[[File:Crook stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Gamlu, The Crook, in Stellarium (CC BY J. Gullberg and S. Hoffmann).]]
	<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒆛) = ''gamlu'', 'The Crook,' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism the corresponds to [[Capella]] with the eastern half of classical [[Auriga]]. The Uranology Text E (MLC 1884) places 'The Crook' in the hand of 'The Old Man' ([[Perseus]]), and speaks of a number of its component parts including its head which is in the shape of a ram's head, its handle, and its shaft. The remaining stars and star-clusters of Auriga that are not part of 'The Crook' may be understood as groups of sheep standing in the background of the image. The asterism is also identified as Marduk's star (Jupiter or Mercury) in Kislev (Month IX).		<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒆛) = ''gamlu'', 'The Crook,' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism the corresponds to [[Capella]] with the eastern half of classical [[Auriga]]. The Uranology Text E (MLC 1884) places 'The Crook' in the hand of 'The Old Man' ([[Perseus]]), and speaks of a number of its component parts including its head which is in the shape of a ram's head, its handle, and its shaft. The remaining stars and star-clusters of Auriga that are not part of 'The Crook' may be understood as groups of sheep standing in the background of the image. The asterism is also identified as Marduk's star (Jupiter or Mercury) in Kislev (Month IX).

InitTeam at 21:21, 1 January 2026

2026-01-01T21:21:51Z

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Sushoff at 11:19, 31 December 2025

2025-12-31T11:19:19Z

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 * (1) W 23313/3: [DIŠ KI <sup>mul</sup>ZUB]I U<sub>3</sub>...[TU...] "If (he), when the Staff (culminates), is born..." [SpTU V, 265:x+1].
 * (2) AO 6483: [...: <sup>múl</sup>zubi] ''e''<sub>3</sub>-''a'' nig<sub>2</sub>.tuk uš<sub>2</sub> giš[...] "(If the child is born when) [... the Staff] appears: he will be healthy, death by we[apons](?)" [TU, 14 r. 36; Sachs 1952, 67, 70].
+|
 |}
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 |-
 |аккадская параллель к mulGAM3(=ZUBI) «Посох», см. g06GAM3.
+|
 |}

Sushoff: /* Additional */

2025-12-31T10:51:34Z

Additional

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:51, 31 December 2025
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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	<sup>d</sup>''gamlu'' — a shepherd's staff and/or weapon characterized by its curvature. Marduk and other deities possessed suchobjects [AHw, 279; Tallqvist 1938, 310]. Immediately after <sup>múl</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> in VAT 16436:9 follows <sup>múl</sup>KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>DAM.KI.NUN.NA "the hand on the staff of Damkinunna". [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227], most likely a variant of the name of the Sumerian goddess <sup>d</sup>Dam.ki.na (var.: <sup>d</sup>Dam.ki.an.na, <sup>d</sup>Dam.gal.nun.an.na, <sup>d</sup>Dam.gal.nun.na), considered the wife of Ea [Litke 1998, 88; Tallqvist 1938, 280]. For ''gamlu'' as a divine symbol and as a tool of the caster see also [Wiggermann 1992, 61-62].		<sup>d</sup>''gamlu'' — a shepherd's staff and/or weapon characterized by its curvature. Marduk and other deities possessed suchobjects [AHw, 279; Tallqvist 1938, 310]. Immediately after <sup>múl</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> in VAT 16436:9 follows <sup>múl</sup>KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>DAM.KI.NUN.NA "the hand on the staff of Damkinunna". [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227], most likely a variant of the name of the Sumerian goddess <sup>d</sup>Dam.ki.na (var.: <sup>d</sup>Dam.ki.an.na, <sup>d</sup>Dam.gal.nun.an.na, <sup>d</sup>Dam.gal.nun.na), considered the wife of Ea [Litke 1998, 88; Tallqvist 1938, 280]. For ''gamlu'' as a divine symbol and as a tool of the caster see also [Wiggermann 1992, 61-62].

	==== ~~III.~~ Symbol. ====		==== Symbol. ====
	A staff with a rounded handle in the form of a ram's head, at least for certain in the case of the asterism. The symbol is known from the Old Babylonian time on the seals, and later on the kudurru [Seidl 1968, 165-167; Van Buren 1945, 149-151], where it was depicted often next to a goat-fish, which suggests its connection with the god Ea.		A staff with a rounded handle in the form of a ram's head, at least for certain in the case of the asterism. The symbol is known from the Old Babylonian time on the seals, and later on the kudurru [Seidl 1968, 165-167; Van Buren 1945, 149-151], where it was depicted often next to a goat-fish, which suggests its connection with the god Ea.

	==== ~~IV.~~ Identification. ====		==== Previous Identification. ====
	Constellation:		Constellation:

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	White (2014) gives three images: A sketch of the Greek shepherd in Auriga just called "Crook" which is not justified by any text, a Babylonian "bison-man" which is (a) in our mind a wrong wording because bisons live only in North America and not in Mesopotamia, and (b) also not attested in any text: The constellation of the "bison-man" (GU.ALIM) occurs only in the dal.ba.an.na text, and needs to be identified with a different area in the sky. White's last version of "Gamlu" as a simply throwing stick is correct: Our drawing differs, but the object can be considered in more than one way.		White (2014) gives three images: A sketch of the Greek shepherd in Auriga just called "Crook" which is not justified by any text, a Babylonian "bison-man" which is (a) in our mind a wrong wording because bisons live only in North America and not in Mesopotamia, and (b) also not attested in any text: The constellation of the "bison-man" (GU.ALIM) occurs only in the dal.ba.an.na text, and needs to be identified with a different area in the sky. White's last version of "Gamlu" as a simply throwing stick is correct: Our drawing differs, but the object can be considered in more than one way.

	==== V. Parts of the constellation and individual stars. ====		==== Parts of the constellation and individual stars. ====
	(1) kišib gam<sub>3</sub> "Handle on the Staff", see (Kurtik k21) [[KIŠIB]],. Beaulieu et al. 2018, 64)		(1) kišib gam<sub>3</sub> "Handle on the Staff", see (Kurtik k21) [[KIŠIB]],. Beaulieu et al. 2018, 64)

	(2) sag.du <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub> "Top of the Staff", see list of stars in VR 46.1, also (Kurtik u10) [[UDU.NITA2\|UDU.NITA<sub>2</sub>]].		(2) sag.du <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub> "Top of the Staff", see list of stars in VR 46.1, also (Kurtik u10) [[UDU.NITA2\|UDU.NITA<sub>2</sub>]].

	==== ~~VI.~~ Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====

	===== Identifications: =====		===== Identifications: =====

WayneHorowitz at 09:12, 31 December 2025

2025-12-31T09:12:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:12, 31 December 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>}}
	[[File:Crook stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Gamlu, The Crook, in Stellarium (CC BY J. Gullberg and S. Hoffmann).]]		[[File:Crook stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Gamlu, The Crook, in Stellarium (CC BY J. Gullberg and S. Hoffmann).]]
	<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒆛) = ''gamlu'', 'The Crook,' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism the corresponds to [[Capella]] with the eastern half of classical [[Auriga]]. The Uranology Text E (MLC 1884) places 'The Crook' in the hand of 'The Old Man' ([[Perseus]]), and speaks of a number of its component parts including its head which is in the shape of a ram's head, its handle, and its shaft. The remaining stars and star-clusters of Auriga that are not part of 'The Crook' may be understood as groups of sheep standing in the background of the image. The asterism is also identified as Marduk's star (Jupiter or Mercury) in ~~Tebet??~~ (Month X).		<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒆛) = ''gamlu'', 'The Crook,' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism the corresponds to [[Capella]] with the eastern half of classical [[Auriga]]. The Uranology Text E (MLC 1884) places 'The Crook' in the hand of 'The Old Man' ([[Perseus]]), and speaks of a number of its component parts including its head which is in the shape of a ram's head, its handle, and its shaft. The remaining stars and star-clusters of Auriga that are not part of 'The Crook' may be understood as groups of sheep standing in the background of the image. The asterism is also identified as Marduk's star (Jupiter or Mercury) in Kislev (Month IX).

	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
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	* (1) 7 tikpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub>;		* (1) 7 tikpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub>;
	* (2) ''gam-lum'', in an unclear sense [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:161, 222; Weidner 1959-60, 107-108].		* (2) ''gam-lum'', in an unclear sense [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:161, 222; Weidner 1959-60, 107-108].
	* (3) The star of Marduk in Month X (~~Tebet~~): ~~give source???~~		* (3) The star of Marduk in Month IX (Kislev). See [[AMAR.UTU]].
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WayneHorowitz at 08:37, 31 December 2025

2025-12-31T08:37:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:37, 31 December 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>}}
	[[File:Crook stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Gamlu, The Crook, in Stellarium (CC BY J. Gullberg and S. Hoffmann).]]		[[File:Crook stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Gamlu, The Crook, in Stellarium (CC BY J. Gullberg and S. Hoffmann).]]
	<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒆛) = ''gamlu'', 'The Crook,' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism the corresponds to [[Capella]] with the eastern half of classical [[Auriga]]. The Uranology Text E (MLC 1884) places 'The Crook' in the hand of 'The Old Man' ([[Perseus]]), and speaks of a number of its component parts including its head which is in the shape of a ram's head, its handle, and its shaft. The remaining stars and star-clusters of Auriga that are not part of 'The Crook' may be understood as groups of sheep standing in the background of the image.		<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒆛) = ''gamlu'', 'The Crook,' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism the corresponds to [[Capella]] with the eastern half of classical [[Auriga]]. The Uranology Text E (MLC 1884) places 'The Crook' in the hand of 'The Old Man' ([[Perseus]]), and speaks of a number of its component parts including its head which is in the shape of a ram's head, its handle, and its shaft. The remaining stars and star-clusters of Auriga that are not part of 'The Crook' may be understood as groups of sheep standing in the background of the image. The asterism is also identified as Marduk's star (Jupiter or Mercury) in Tebet?? (Month X).

	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
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	* (1) 7 tikpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub>;		* (1) 7 tikpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub>;
	* (2) ''gam-lum'', in an unclear sense [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:161, 222; Weidner 1959-60, 107-108].		* (2) ''gam-lum'', in an unclear sense [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:161, 222; Weidner 1959-60, 107-108].
			* (3) The star of Marduk in Month X (Tebet): give source???
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Sushoff at 19:52, 15 December 2025

2025-12-15T19:52:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:52, 15 December 2025
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	<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒆛) = ''gamlu'', 'The Crook,' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism the corresponds to [[Capella]] with the eastern half of classical [[Auriga]]. The Uranology Text E (MLC 1884) places 'The Crook' in the hand of 'The Old Man' ([[Perseus]]), and speaks of a number of its component parts including its head which is in the shape of a ram's head, its handle, and its shaft. The remaining stars and star-clusters of Auriga that are not part of 'The Crook' may be understood as groups of sheep standing in the background of the image.		<sup>mul / d</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒆛) = ''gamlu'', 'The Crook,' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism the corresponds to [[Capella]] with the eastern half of classical [[Auriga]]. The Uranology Text E (MLC 1884) places 'The Crook' in the hand of 'The Old Man' ([[Perseus]]), and speaks of a number of its component parts including its head which is in the shape of a ram's head, its handle, and its shaft. The remaining stars and star-clusters of Auriga that are not part of 'The Crook' may be understood as groups of sheep standing in the background of the image.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
			Variant readings:

	=~~== Krebernik~~ (~~2023~~) ~~===~~		* <sup>mul</sup>ZUBI;
	= ''gamlu'' “throwing stick”. <sup>mul</sup>GÀM (EN 4l).		* = <sup>mul</sup>''gamlu'' "staff (with a crooked handle)";
			* = ''gamlu'' “throwing stick”. <sup>mul</sup>GÀM (EN 4l).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>
	~~===Kurtik with Hilder,~~ Hoffmann, ~~Horowitz~~, ~~Kim===~~
	~~Variant readings~~: ~~<sup>mul~~</~~sup~~>~~ZUBI; = <sup>mul</sup>''gamlu'' "staff (with a crooked handle)";~~

	Var. designations:		Var. designations: