GIŠ.BAR - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 05:50, 20 May 2026

2026-05-20T05:50:45Z

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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Sumerian]]		[[Category:Sumerian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Solar System]]		[[Category:Solar System]]
	[[Category:Planet]]		[[Category:Planet]]

Sushoff at 14:53, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:53:53Z

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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55) [[Nusku]].		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55) [[Nusku]].

Sushoff at 07:24, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T07:24:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:24, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55) [[Nusku]].		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55) [[Nusku]].

Sushoff at 15:28, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T15:28:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 18 December 2025
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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	Hybil or Hyrra — an ancient fire deity, his name is already mentioned in the lists of the gods from Farah (XXVI c. BC) [Krebernik 1986, 177, IX 21; 189 SF 5-6:3]. He was considered the son of Anu and the goddess Shala, a messenger of Nusku that embodied fire in all its manifestations, both destructive and creative. Among his epithets are <sup>d</sup>Giš.bar.an.na "heavenly fire" [Litke 1998, 107, II 336], namru "shining, shining", zalag<sub>2</sub> "light" (see above) and others, indicating his connection with the sky and probably having astral significance [Tallqvist 1938, 314]. Hirra and Nusku are characterized as tap-pi-e Šamši(20) "satellites of the sun" in [CT 25, 50:16]. Hildegard and Julius Lewy argue for identifying these gods with Mercury as the evening and morning star respectively [Lewy 1948].		Hybil or Hyrra — an ancient fire deity, his name is already mentioned in the lists of the gods from Farah (XXVI c. BC) [Krebernik 1986, 177, IX 21; 189 SF 5-6:3]. He was considered the son of Anu and the goddess Shala, a messenger of Nusku that embodied fire in all its manifestations, both destructive and creative. Among his epithets are <sup>d</sup>Giš.bar.an.na "heavenly fire" [Litke 1998, 107, II 336], namru "shining, shining", zalag<sub>2</sub> "light" (see above) and others, indicating his connection with the sky and probably having astral significance [Tallqvist 1938, 314]. Hirra and Nusku are characterized as tap-pi-e Šamši(20) "satellites of the sun" in [CT 25, 50:16]. Hildegard and Julius Lewy argue for identifying these gods with Mercury as the evening and morning star respectively [Lewy 1948].

	==== ~~III.~~ Identifications. ====		==== Previous Identifications. ====
	As a planet:		As a planet:

Sushoff at 13:06, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T13:06:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:06, 18 December 2025
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	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55) [[Nusku]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

Sushoff at 20:04, 15 December 2025

2025-12-15T20:04:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 15 December 2025
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	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Var.		Var.

Sushoff at 18:46, 16 August 2025

2025-08-16T18:46:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:46, 16 August 2025
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	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.

	==~~Dictionary~~==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
	Var.		Var.

Sushoff: /* Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim */

2025-08-04T15:36:15Z

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 4 August 2025
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	* ''na-wa-ru-um'' <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Hirra" (Erm. 15642:15) [Horowitz 2000, 196-197] (better ''na-aw-ru-um'' - remark of L. E. Kogan),		* ''na-wa-ru-um'' <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Hirra" (Erm. 15642:15) [Horowitz 2000, 196-197] (better ''na-aw-ru-um'' - remark of L. E. Kogan),
	* ''nam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI "Brilliant Hirra" (AO 6769:16) [Dossin 1935, 181-182], ''šam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:[GI] "Ferocious Hir[ra]" (CBS 574) [Horowitz 1996, 58].		* ''nam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI "Brilliant Hirra" (AO 6769:16) [Dossin 1935, 181-182], ''šam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:[GI] "Ferocious Hir[ra]" (CBS 574) [Horowitz 1996, 58].
	\|~~Example~~		\|...
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''List of stars VR 46 1:14.'''		\|'''List of stars VR 46 1:14.'''

InitTeam at 10:49, 24 May 2025

2025-05-24T10:49:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:49, 24 May 2025
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	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR is an ancient Mesopotamian term.		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.

	==Dictionary==		==Dictionary==

InitTeam at 09:55, 11 April 2025

2025-04-11T09:55:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 11 April 2025
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	In the list of astral gods:		In the list of astral gods:

	* na-wa-ru-um <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Hirra" (Erm. 15642:15) [Horowitz 2000, 196-197] (better na-aw-ru-um - remark of L. E. Kogan),		* ''na-wa-ru-um'' <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Hirra" (Erm. 15642:15) [Horowitz 2000, 196-197] (better ''na-aw-ru-um'' - remark of L. E. Kogan),
	* nam-ru <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI "Brilliant Hirra" (AO 6769:16) [Dossin 1935, 181-182], šam-ru <sup>d</sup>BIL:[GI] "Ferocious Hir[ra]" (CBS 574) [Horowitz 1996, 58].		* ''nam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI "Brilliant Hirra" (AO 6769:16) [Dossin 1935, 181-182], ''šam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:[GI] "Ferocious Hir[ra]" (CBS 574) [Horowitz 1996, 58].
	\|Example		\|Example
	\|-		\|-
	\|List of stars VR 46 1:14.		\|'''List of stars VR 46 1:14.'''
			* <sup>mul</sup>giš.bar zalag<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>d</sup>''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ra'' <sup>d</sup>Nusku(PA + TUG<sub>2</sub>)
	* ~~mulgiš~~.bar ~~zalag2~~ igi ~~dEn~~-me-~~šar2~~-ra ~~dNusku~~(PA + TUG<sub>2</sub>)
	* "Girra, the light ahead of Enmesharra, Nusku" [HBA 51; Wee 2016, 162-3].		* "Girra, the light ahead of Enmesharra, Nusku" [HBA 51; Wee 2016, 162-3].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Text W. 22281a.'''		\|'''Text W. 22281a.'''
	* <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI ZALAG ša<sub>2</sub> IGI <sup>d</sup>En-me-šar<sub>2</sub>-ra		* <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI ZALAG ša<sub>2</sub> IGI <sup>d</sup>''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ra''
	* "Brilliant Girra that is ahead of Enmesharra," see (Kurtik h12) [[ḪUN.GA2\|<sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub>]].		* "Brilliant Girra that is ahead of Enmesharra," see (Kurtik h12) [[ḪUN.GA2\|<sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub>]].

	See also: <sup>mul</sup>ma-ak-ru-u = tam-šil <sup>d</sup>GIŠ.BAR "The red star(=Mars) is in the likeness of Hirra", quoted from [CAD M/1, 139a].		See also: <sup>mul</sup>''ma-ak-ru-u'' = ''tam-šil'' <sup>d</sup>GIŠ.BAR "The red star(=Mars) is in the likeness of Hirra", quoted from [CAD M/1, 139a].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
	===Additional===		===Additional===
	~~'''II. Deity.'''~~

			==== II. Deity. ====
	Hybil or Hyrra — an ancient fire deity, his name is already mentioned in the lists of the gods from Farah (XXVI c. BC) [Krebernik 1986, 177, IX 21; 189 SF 5-6:3]. He was considered the son of Anu and the goddess Shala, a messenger of Nusku that embodied fire in all its manifestations, both destructive and creative. Among his epithets are <sup>d</sup>Giš.bar.an.na "heavenly fire" [Litke 1998, 107, II 336], namru "shining, shining", zalag<sub>2</sub> "light" (see above) and others, indicating his connection with the sky and probably having astral significance [Tallqvist 1938, 314]. Hirra and Nusku are characterized as tap-pi-e Šamši(20) "satellites of the sun" in [CT 25, 50:16]. Hildegard and Julius Lewy argue for identifying these gods with Mercury as the evening and morning star respectively [Lewy 1948].		Hybil or Hyrra — an ancient fire deity, his name is already mentioned in the lists of the gods from Farah (XXVI c. BC) [Krebernik 1986, 177, IX 21; 189 SF 5-6:3]. He was considered the son of Anu and the goddess Shala, a messenger of Nusku that embodied fire in all its manifestations, both destructive and creative. Among his epithets are <sup>d</sup>Giš.bar.an.na "heavenly fire" [Litke 1998, 107, II 336], namru "shining, shining", zalag<sub>2</sub> "light" (see above) and others, indicating his connection with the sky and probably having astral significance [Tallqvist 1938, 314]. Hirra and Nusku are characterized as tap-pi-e Šamši(20) "satellites of the sun" in [CT 25, 50:16]. Hildegard and Julius Lewy argue for identifying these gods with Mercury as the evening and morning star respectively [Lewy 1948].

	~~'''~~III. Identifications.~~'''~~		==== III. Identifications. ====

	As a planet:		As a planet:

	= Mars as the Red Star, see m03[[Makrû\|<sup>d</sup>Makrû]].		= Mars as the Red Star, see (Kurtik m03) [[Makrû\|<sup>d</sup>''Makrû'']].

	= Mercury as the evening star, cf. [Lewy 1948].		= Mercury as the evening star, cf. [Lewy 1948].