https://ase.exopla.net/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Garnet_StarGarnet Star - Revision history2026-04-14T20:26:09ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.1https://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Garnet_Star&diff=38791&oldid=prevIanRidpath: Copyedit2026-02-20T10:41:37Z<p>Copyedit</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Etymology and History==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Etymology and History==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:GarnetStar Herschel highlightGarnet.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">description </del>of "fine deep garnet colour" in Herschel's publication]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:GarnetStar Herschel highlightGarnet.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Description </ins>of "fine deep garnet colour" in Herschel's publication]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei became famous through observations by William Herschel (1738 - 1822), who described it in a paper<ref>Herschel, William (1783). "On the Proper Motion of the Sun and Solar System; With an Account of Several Changes That Have Happened among the Fixed Stars since the Time of Mr. Flamstead [sic]". ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London''. '''73''': 247–283. [https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1783.0017 doi:10.1098/rstl.1783.0017]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/106492 106492]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186213288 186213288].</ref> in 1783 listing stars that were not listed in Flamsteed's star catalogue. <blockquote>A considerable star, not marked by Flamsteed, will be found near the head of Cepheus. Its right ascension ... It is '''of very''' '''deep garnet colour''', such as the periodical star ο Ceti was formerly, and a most beautiful object, especially if we look for some time at a white star before we turn our telescope to it, such as α Cephei, which is near at hand.</blockquote> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei became famous through observations by William Herschel (1738 - 1822), who described it in a paper<ref>Herschel, William (1783). "On the Proper Motion of the Sun and Solar System; With an Account of Several Changes That Have Happened among the Fixed Stars since the Time of Mr. Flamstead [sic]". ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London''. '''73''': 247–283. [https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1783.0017 doi:10.1098/rstl.1783.0017]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/106492 106492]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186213288 186213288].</ref> in 1783 listing stars that were not listed in Flamsteed's star catalogue. <blockquote>A considerable star, not marked by Flamsteed, will be found near the head of Cepheus. Its right ascension ... It is '''of very''' '''deep garnet colour''', such as the periodical star ο Ceti was formerly, and a most beautiful object, especially if we look for some time at a white star before we turn our telescope to it, such as α Cephei, which is near at hand.</blockquote> </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For Herschel, it was not a proper name but a classification: when he referred to μ Cep, he called it "Garnet Star Cephei" to distinguish it from other stars of "garnet colour". Steinicke (2015)<ref>Steinicke, W. (2015). William Herschel and the 'garnet' stars: μ Cephei and more, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage (ISSN 1440-2807), Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 199-217; [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAHH...18..199S/abstract ADSABS]</ref> presents a small catalogue of Herschel's garnet stars. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For Herschel, it was not a proper name but a classification: when he referred to μ Cep, he called it "Garnet Star Cephei" to distinguish it from other stars of "garnet colour". Steinicke (2015)<ref>Steinicke, W. (2015). William Herschel and the 'garnet' stars: μ Cephei and more, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage (ISSN 1440-2807), Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 199-217; [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAHH...18..199S/abstract ADSABS]</ref> presents a small catalogue of Herschel's garnet stars. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to this description, Piazzi in his Palermo Star Catalogue<ref>Piazzi, Giuseppe (1803). ''Praecipuarum stellarum inerrantium positiones mediae ineunte seculo XIX : ex observationibus habitis in specula Panormitana ab anno 1792 ad annum 1802'', [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10485079 OCLC: 643816777]</ref> named it "Garnet <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Star</del>". The description of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mu </del>Cephei as "deep red" evokes the image of a vividly red star. In fact, the star's color index (B – V) of 2.35 magnitudes makes it the reddest one visible for the naked eye (although the colour is only visible in telescopes). This intense hue is largely due to the interstellar dust between us and the star. Corresponding to its spectral type, without the reddening effect of this dust, its color index would be (B – V) = 1.71 magnitudes. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to this description, Piazzi in his Palermo Star Catalogue<ref>Piazzi, Giuseppe (1803). ''Praecipuarum stellarum inerrantium positiones mediae ineunte seculo XIX : ex observationibus habitis in specula Panormitana ab anno 1792 ad annum 1802'', [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10485079 OCLC: 643816777]</ref> named it "Garnet <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sidus</ins>". The description of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mu </ins>Cephei as "deep red" evokes the image of a vividly red star. In fact, the star's color index (B – V) of 2.35 magnitudes makes it the reddest one visible for the naked eye (although the colour is only visible in telescopes). This intense hue is largely due to the interstellar dust between us and the star. Corresponding to its spectral type, without the reddening effect of this dust, its color index would be (B – V) = 1.71 magnitudes. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The star's variability was not mentioned by Herschel, but only suspected by J. R. Hind in 1848 and confirmed by Argelander. Like many red supergiants (e.g. Betelgeuse, Antares), the Garnet Star has two periods, one of 850 and another 4400 days, and it is (of course) surrounded by the nebula of its emissions. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The star's variability was not mentioned by Herschel, but only suspected by J. R. Hind in 1848 and confirmed by Argelander. Like many red supergiants (e.g. Betelgeuse, Antares), the Garnet Star has two periods, one of 850 and another 4400 days, and it is (of course) surrounded by the nebula of its emissions. </div></td></tr>
</table>IanRidpathhttps://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Garnet_Star&diff=37617&oldid=prevSushoff at 05:50, 22 January 20262026-01-22T05:50:46Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">----</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Mu Cephei "The Garnet Star" 2023 (Ha and OIII).png|alt=photograph of the star in its nebula|thumb|The Garnet Star; captured 2023 in Krefeld, Germany with a Skywatcher 150/750; ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro Color and an Optolong L-Extreme filter; total exposure time of 4h (5min per single light frame), CC BY NiKo 2023]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Mu Cephei "The Garnet Star" 2023 (Ha and OIII).png|alt=photograph of the star in its nebula|thumb|The Garnet Star; captured 2023 in Krefeld, Germany with a Skywatcher 150/750; ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro Color and an Optolong L-Extreme filter; total exposure time of 4h (5min per single light frame), CC BY NiKo 2023]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name ‘Garnet Star’ (Latin: ''Garnet Sidus'') was given by Piazzi 1803 with a reference to William Herschel's textual description of μ Cephei ([https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=mu+Cep&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]) as "deep garnet red". In telescopes the star appears red due to its spectral class M2. The star is visible to the naked eye, but the human eye cannot recognize the colour without a telescope because colour vision cuts off at roughly 2 mag. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name ‘Garnet Star’ (Latin: ''Garnet Sidus'') was given by Piazzi 1803 with a reference to William Herschel's textual description of μ Cephei ([https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=mu+Cep&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]) as "deep garnet red". In telescopes the star appears red due to its spectral class M2. The star is visible to the naked eye, but the human eye cannot recognize the colour without a telescope because colour vision cuts off at roughly 2 mag. </div></td></tr>
</table>Sushoffhttps://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Garnet_Star&diff=33264&oldid=prevSushoff at 15:02, 30 September 20252025-09-30T15:02:08Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus txt.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|"Garnet Sidus" in Piazzi's star catalogue 1803.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus txt.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|"Garnet Sidus" in Piazzi's star catalogue 1803.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus pageview.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|Piazzi's Palermo Star Catalogue (1803), page view with "Garnet Sidus" (p 678/679), [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10485079?page=678,679 LINK]. ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus pageview.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|Piazzi's Palermo Star Catalogue (1803), page view with "Garnet Sidus" (p 678/679), [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10485079?page=678,679 LINK]. ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For Herschel, it was not a proper name but a classification: when he referred to μ Cep, he called it "Garnet Star Cephei" to distinguish it from other stars of "garnet colour". Steinicke (2015)<ref>Steinicke, W. (2015). William Herschel and the 'garnet' stars: μ Cephei and more, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage (ISSN 1440-2807), Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 199-217; [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAHH...18..199S/abstract ADSABS]</ref> presents a small catalogue of Herschel's garnet stars. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to this description, Piazzi in his Palermo Star Catalogue<ref>Piazzi, Giuseppe (1803). ''Praecipuarum stellarum inerrantium positiones mediae ineunte seculo XIX : ex observationibus habitis in specula Panormitana ab anno 1792 ad annum 1802'', [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10485079 OCLC: 643816777]</ref> named it "Garnet Star". The description of mu Cephei as "deep red" evokes the image of a vividly red star. In fact, the star's color index (B – V) of 2.35 magnitudes makes it the reddest one visible for the naked eye (although the colour is only visible in telescopes). This intense hue is largely due to the interstellar dust between us and the star. Corresponding to its spectral type, without the reddening effect of this dust, its color index would be (B – V) = 1.71 magnitudes. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to this description, Piazzi in his Palermo Star Catalogue<ref>Piazzi, Giuseppe (1803). ''Praecipuarum stellarum inerrantium positiones mediae ineunte seculo XIX : ex observationibus habitis in specula Panormitana ab anno 1792 ad annum 1802'', [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10485079 OCLC: 643816777]</ref> named it "Garnet Star". The description of mu Cephei as "deep red" evokes the image of a vividly red star. In fact, the star's color index (B – V) of 2.35 magnitudes makes it the reddest one visible for the naked eye (although the colour is only visible in telescopes). This intense hue is largely due to the interstellar dust between us and the star. Corresponding to its spectral type, without the reddening effect of this dust, its color index would be (B – V) = 1.71 magnitudes. </div></td></tr>
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</table>Sushoffhttps://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Garnet_Star&diff=30318&oldid=prevIanRidpath at 19:24, 18 June 20252025-06-18T19:24:13Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name ‘Garnet Star’ (Latin: ''Garnet Sidus'') was given by Piazzi 1803 with a reference to William Herschel's textual description of μ Cephei ([https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=mu+Cep&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]) as "deep garnet red". In telescopes the star appears red due to its spectral class M2. The star is visible to the naked eye, but the human eye cannot recognize the colour without a telescope because colour vision cuts off at roughly 2 mag. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name ‘Garnet Star’ (Latin: ''Garnet Sidus'') was given by Piazzi 1803 with a reference to William Herschel's textual description of μ Cephei ([https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=mu+Cep&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]) as "deep garnet red". In telescopes the star appears red due to its spectral class M2. The star is visible to the naked eye, but the human eye cannot recognize the colour without a telescope because colour vision cuts off at roughly 2 mag. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei is a semi-regular variable star, ranging between mags. 3.4 and 5.1, and was the prototype of the no-longer-used class of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"mu </del>Cephei stars<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</del>. It is a red supergiant with an estimated diameter over a thousand times that of the Sun, one of the largest stars known. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei is a semi-regular variable star, ranging between mags. 3.4 and 5.1, and was the prototype of the no-longer-used class of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mu </ins>Cephei stars. It is a red supergiant with an estimated diameter over a thousand times that of the Sun, one of the largest stars known. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Etymology and History==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Etymology and History==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus txt.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|"Garnet Sidus" in Piazzi's star catalogue 1803.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus txt.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|"Garnet Sidus" in Piazzi's star catalogue 1803.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus pageview.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|Piazzi's Palermo Star Catalogue (1803), page view with "Garnet Sidus" (p 678/679), [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10485079?page=678,679 LINK]. ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus pageview.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|Piazzi's Palermo Star Catalogue (1803), page view with "Garnet Sidus" (p 678/679), [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10485079?page=678,679 LINK]. ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to this description, Piazzi in his <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</del>Palermo Star Catalogue<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</del><ref>Piazzi, Giuseppe (1803). ''Praecipuarum stellarum inerrantium positiones mediae ineunte seculo XIX : ex observationibus habitis in specula Panormitana ab anno 1792 ad annum 1802'', [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10485079 OCLC: 643816777]</ref> named it "Garnet Star". The description of mu Cephei as "deep red" evokes the image of a vividly red star. In fact, the star's color index (B – V) of 2.35 magnitudes makes it the reddest one visible for the naked eye (although the colour is only visible in telescopes). This intense hue is largely due to the interstellar dust between us and the star. Corresponding to its spectral type, without the reddening effect of this dust, its color index would be (B – V) = 1.71 magnitudes. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to this description, Piazzi in his Palermo Star Catalogue<ref>Piazzi, Giuseppe (1803). ''Praecipuarum stellarum inerrantium positiones mediae ineunte seculo XIX : ex observationibus habitis in specula Panormitana ab anno 1792 ad annum 1802'', [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10485079 OCLC: 643816777]</ref> named it "Garnet Star". The description of mu Cephei as "deep red" evokes the image of a vividly red star. In fact, the star's color index (B – V) of 2.35 magnitudes makes it the reddest one visible for the naked eye (although the colour is only visible in telescopes). This intense hue is largely due to the interstellar dust between us and the star. Corresponding to its spectral type, without the reddening effect of this dust, its color index would be (B – V) = 1.71 magnitudes. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The star's variability was not mentioned by Herschel, but only suspected by J. R. Hind in 1848 and confirmed by Argelander. Like many red supergiants (e.g. Betelgeuse, Antares), the Garnet Star has two periods, one of 850 and another 4400 days, and it is (of course) surrounded by the nebula of its emissions. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The star's variability was not mentioned by Herschel, but only suspected by J. R. Hind in 1848 and confirmed by Argelander. Like many red supergiants (e.g. Betelgeuse, Antares), the Garnet Star has two periods, one of 850 and another 4400 days, and it is (of course) surrounded by the nebula of its emissions. </div></td></tr>
</table>IanRidpathhttps://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Garnet_Star&diff=28572&oldid=prevSushoff at 10:32, 18 May 20252025-05-18T10:32:01Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:32, 18 May 2025</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l20">Line 20:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Arabic reading group agreed that "Erakis" is a misspelling of "Alrakis", a name which is applied to another star already (in 2017, WGSN applied "Alrakis" to μ Dra with the reason by Kunitzsch and Smart that the star name had been misapplied to this star earlier). Therefore, the Arabic alternative should be dropped. We also suggest to use the shorter (and non-eponymous) version "Garnet Star". </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Arabic reading group agreed that "Erakis" is a misspelling of "Alrakis", a name which is applied to another star already (in 2017, WGSN applied "Alrakis" to μ Dra with the reason by Kunitzsch and Smart that the star name had been misapplied to this star earlier). Therefore, the Arabic alternative should be dropped. We also suggest to use the shorter (and non-eponymous) version "Garnet Star". </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name "Garnet Star" was discussed and approved for μ Cephei by the IAU WGSN <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in </del>2024. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name "Garnet Star" was discussed and approved for μ Cephei by the IAU WGSN <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">on </ins>2024<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/09/19</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Weblinks ==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Weblinks==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Reference ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Reference==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[[References|References (general)]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Star Name]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Star Name]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Cep]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Cep]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Sushoffhttps://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Garnet_Star&diff=4107&oldid=prevSushoff at 14:44, 25 December 20242024-12-25T14:44:06Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Cep]]</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Sushoffhttps://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Garnet_Star&diff=3321&oldid=prevSushoff at 02:04, 27 October 20242024-10-27T02:04:01Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Sushoffhttps://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Garnet_Star&diff=2988&oldid=prevRobvGent: more minor edits2024-09-18T21:04:18Z<p>more minor edits</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:04, 18 September 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Etymology and History==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Etymology and History==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:GarnetStar Herschel highlightGarnet.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|description of "fine deep garnet colour" in Herschel's <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">manuscript</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:GarnetStar Herschel highlightGarnet.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|description of "fine deep garnet colour" in Herschel's <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">publication</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei became famous through observations by William Herschel (1738 - 1822), who described it in a paper<ref>Herschel, William (1783). "On the Proper Motion of the Sun and Solar System; With an Account of Several Changes That Have Happened among the Fixed Stars since the Time of Mr. Flamstead [sic]". ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London''. '''73''': 247–283. [https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1783.0017 doi:10.1098/rstl.1783.0017]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/106492 106492]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186213288 186213288].</ref> in 1783 listing stars that were not listed in Flamsteed's star catalogue. <blockquote>A considerable star, not marked by Flamsteed, will be found near the head of Cepheus. Its right ascension ... It is '''of very''' '''deep garnet colour''', such as the periodical star ο Ceti was formerly, and a most beautiful object, especially if we look for some time at a white star before we turn our telescope to it, such as α Cephei, which is near at hand.</blockquote> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei became famous through observations by William Herschel (1738 - 1822), who described it in a paper<ref>Herschel, William (1783). "On the Proper Motion of the Sun and Solar System; With an Account of Several Changes That Have Happened among the Fixed Stars since the Time of Mr. Flamstead [sic]". ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London''. '''73''': 247–283. [https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1783.0017 doi:10.1098/rstl.1783.0017]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/106492 106492]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186213288 186213288].</ref> in 1783 listing stars that were not listed in Flamsteed's star catalogue. <blockquote>A considerable star, not marked by Flamsteed, will be found near the head of Cepheus. Its right ascension ... It is '''of very''' '''deep garnet colour''', such as the periodical star ο Ceti was formerly, and a most beautiful object, especially if we look for some time at a white star before we turn our telescope to it, such as α Cephei, which is near at hand.</blockquote> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to this description, Piazzi in his "Palermo Star Catalogue"<ref>Piazzi, Giuseppe (1803). ''Praecipuarum stellarum inerrantium positiones mediae ineunte seculo XIX : ex observationibus habitis in specula Panormitana ab anno 1792 ad annum 1802'', [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10485079 OCLC: 643816777]</ref> named it "Garnet Star". The description of mu Cephei as "deep red" evokes the image of a vividly red star. In fact, the star's color index (B – V) of 2.35 magnitudes makes it the reddest one visible for the naked eye (although the colour is only visible in telescopes). This intense hue is largely due to the interstellar dust between us and the star. Corresponding to its spectral type, without the reddening effect of this dust, its color index would be (B – V) = 1.71 magnitudes. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to this description, Piazzi in his "Palermo Star Catalogue"<ref>Piazzi, Giuseppe (1803). ''Praecipuarum stellarum inerrantium positiones mediae ineunte seculo XIX : ex observationibus habitis in specula Panormitana ab anno 1792 ad annum 1802'', [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10485079 OCLC: 643816777]</ref> named it "Garnet Star". The description of mu Cephei as "deep red" evokes the image of a vividly red star. In fact, the star's color index (B – V) of 2.35 magnitudes makes it the reddest one visible for the naked eye (although the colour is only visible in telescopes). This intense hue is largely due to the interstellar dust between us and the star. Corresponding to its spectral type, without the reddening effect of this dust, its color index would be (B – V) = 1.71 magnitudes. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The star's variability <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is </del>not mentioned by Herschel, but only suspected by J. R. Hind in 1848 and confirmed by Argelander. Like many red supergiants (e.g. Betelgeuse, Antares), the Garnet Star has two periods, one of 850 and another 4400 days, and it is (of course) surrounded by the nebula of its emissions. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The star's variability <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was </ins>not mentioned by Herschel, but only suspected by J. R. Hind in 1848 and confirmed by Argelander. Like many red supergiants (e.g. Betelgeuse, Antares), the Garnet Star has two periods, one of 850 and another 4400 days, and it is (of course) surrounded by the nebula of its emissions. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==IAU Working Group Star Names==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==IAU Working Group Star Names==</div></td></tr>
</table>RobvGenthttps://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Garnet_Star&diff=2987&oldid=prevRobvGent: minor edits2024-09-18T21:02:05Z<p>minor edits</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:02, 18 September 2024</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Mu Cephei "The Garnet Star" 2023 (Ha and OIII).png|alt=photograph of the star in its nebula|thumb|The Garnet Star; captured 2023 in Krefeld, Germany with a Skywatcher 150/750; ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro Color and an Optolong L-Extreme filter; total exposure time of 4h (5min per single light frame), CC BY NiKo 2023]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Mu Cephei "The Garnet Star" 2023 (Ha and OIII).png|alt=photograph of the star in its nebula|thumb|The Garnet Star; captured 2023 in Krefeld, Germany with a Skywatcher 150/750; ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro Color and an Optolong L-Extreme filter; total exposure time of 4h (5min per single light frame), CC BY NiKo 2023]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">‘garnet star’ </del>(Latin: Garnet Sidus) was given by Piazzi 1803 with a reference to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Wilhelm </del>Herschel's textual description of μ Cephei ([https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=mu+Cep&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]) as "deep garnet red". In telescopes the star appears red due to its spectral class M2. The star is visible to the naked eye, but the human eye cannot recognize the colour without a telescope because colour vision cuts off at roughly 2 mag. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">‘Garnet Star’ </ins>(Latin: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Garnet Sidus<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>) was given by Piazzi 1803 with a reference to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">William </ins>Herschel's textual description of μ Cephei ([https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=mu+Cep&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]) as "deep garnet red". In telescopes the star appears red due to its spectral class M2. The star is visible to the naked eye, but the human eye cannot recognize the colour without a telescope because colour vision cuts off at roughly 2 mag. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei is a semi-regular variable star, ranging between mags. 3.4 and 5.1, and was the prototype of the no-longer-used class of "mu Cephei stars". It is a red supergiant with an estimated diameter over a thousand times that of the Sun, one of the largest stars known. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei is a semi-regular variable star, ranging between mags. 3.4 and 5.1, and was the prototype of the no-longer-used class of "mu Cephei stars". It is a red supergiant with an estimated diameter over a thousand times that of the Sun, one of the largest stars known. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Etymology and History==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Etymology and History==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:GarnetStar Herschel highlightGarnet.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|description of "fine deep garnet colour" in Herschel's manuscript]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:GarnetStar Herschel highlightGarnet.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|description of "fine deep garnet colour" in Herschel's manuscript]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei became famous through observations by <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Wilhelm </del>Herschel (1738 - 1822), who described it in a paper<ref>Herschel, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Wilhelm </del>(1783). "On the Proper Motion of the Sun and Solar System; With an Account of Several Changes That Have Happened among the Fixed Stars since the Time of Mr. Flamstead [sic]". ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London''. '''73''': 247–283. [https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1783.0017 doi:10.1098/rstl.1783.0017]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/106492 106492]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186213288 186213288].</ref> in 1783 listing stars that were not listed in Flamsteed's star catalogue. <blockquote>A considerable star, not marked by Flamsteed, will be found near the head of Cepheus. Its right ascension ... It is '''of very''' '''deep garnet colour''', such as the periodical star ο Ceti was formerly, and a most beautiful object, especially if we look for some time at a white star before we turn our telescope to it, such as α Cephei,which is near at hand. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del></blockquote> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei became famous through observations by <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">William </ins>Herschel (1738 - 1822), who described it in a paper<ref>Herschel, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">William </ins>(1783). "On the Proper Motion of the Sun and Solar System; With an Account of Several Changes That Have Happened among the Fixed Stars since the Time of Mr. Flamstead [sic]". ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London''. '''73''': 247–283. [https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1783.0017 doi:10.1098/rstl.1783.0017]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/106492 106492]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186213288 186213288].</ref> in 1783 listing stars that were not listed in Flamsteed's star catalogue. <blockquote>A considerable star, not marked by Flamsteed, will be found near the head of Cepheus. Its right ascension ... It is '''of very''' '''deep garnet colour''', such as the periodical star ο Ceti was formerly, and a most beautiful object, especially if we look for some time at a white star before we turn our telescope to it, such as α Cephei, which is near at hand.</blockquote> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><blockquote>(p. 257 under the headline "Stars newly come to be visible") </blockquote></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><blockquote>(p. 257 under the headline "Stars newly come to be visible") </blockquote></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus txt.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|"Garnet Sidus" in Piazzi's star catalogue 1803.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus txt.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|"Garnet Sidus" in Piazzi's star catalogue 1803.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus pageview.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|Piazzi's Palermo Star Catalogue (1803), page view with "Garnet Sidus" (p 678/679), [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10485079?page=678,679 LINK]. ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Piazzi GarnetSidus pageview.jpg|alt=screenshot of page|thumb|Piazzi's Palermo Star Catalogue (1803), page view with "Garnet Sidus" (p 678/679), [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10485079?page=678,679 LINK]. ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to this description, Piazzi in his Palermo Star Catalogue<ref>Piazzi, Giuseppe (1803). Praecipuarum stellarum inerrantium positiones mediae ineunte seculo XIX : ex observationibus habitis in specula Panormitana ab anno 1792 ad annum 1802, [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10485079 OCLC: 643816777]</ref> named it "Garnet Star". The description of mu Cephei as "deep red" evokes the image of a vividly red star. In fact, the star's color index (B – V) of 2.35 magnitudes makes it the reddest one visible for the naked eye (although the colour is only visible in telescopes). This intense hue is largely due to the interstellar dust between us and the star. Corresponding to its spectral type, without the reddening effect of this dust, its color index would be (B – V) = 1.71 magnitudes. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to this description, Piazzi in his <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</ins>Palermo Star Catalogue<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</ins><ref>Piazzi, Giuseppe (1803). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Praecipuarum stellarum inerrantium positiones mediae ineunte seculo XIX : ex observationibus habitis in specula Panormitana ab anno 1792 ad annum 1802<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>, [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10485079 OCLC: 643816777]</ref> named it "Garnet Star". The description of mu Cephei as "deep red" evokes the image of a vividly red star. In fact, the star's color index (B – V) of 2.35 magnitudes makes it the reddest one visible for the naked eye (although the colour is only visible in telescopes). This intense hue is largely due to the interstellar dust between us and the star. Corresponding to its spectral type, without the reddening effect of this dust, its color index would be (B – V) = 1.71 magnitudes. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The star's variability is not mentioned by Herschel, but only suspected by J. R. Hind in 1848 and confirmed by Argelander. Like many red supergiants (e.g. Betelgeuse, Antares), the Garnet Star has two periods, one of 850 and another 4400 days, and it is (of course) surrounded by the nebula of its emissions. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The star's variability is not mentioned by Herschel, but only suspected by J. R. Hind in 1848 and confirmed by Argelander. Like many red supergiants (e.g. Betelgeuse, Antares), the Garnet Star has two periods, one of 850 and another 4400 days, and it is (of course) surrounded by the nebula of its emissions. </div></td></tr>
</table>RobvGenthttps://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Garnet_Star&diff=2959&oldid=prevSushoff at 11:34, 18 September 20242024-09-18T11:34:57Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:34, 18 September 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Mu Cephei "The Garnet Star" 2023 (Ha and OIII).png|alt=photograph of the star in its nebula|thumb|The Garnet Star; captured 2023 in Krefeld, Germany with a Skywatcher 150/750; ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro Color and an Optolong L-Extreme filter; total exposure time of 4h (5min per single light frame), CC BY NiKo 2023]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Mu Cephei "The Garnet Star" 2023 (Ha and OIII).png|alt=photograph of the star in its nebula|thumb|The Garnet Star; captured 2023 in Krefeld, Germany with a Skywatcher 150/750; ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro Color and an Optolong L-Extreme filter; total exposure time of 4h (5min per single light frame), CC BY NiKo 2023]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name ‘garnet star’ was given by Piazzi with a reference to Wilhelm Herschel's textual description of μ Cephei ([https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=mu+Cep&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]) as "deep garnet red". In telescopes the star appears red due to its spectral class M2. The star is visible to the naked eye, but the human eye cannot recognize the colour without a telescope because colour vision cuts off at roughly 2 mag. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name ‘garnet star’ <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(Latin: Garnet Sidus) </ins>was given by Piazzi <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1803 </ins>with a reference to Wilhelm Herschel's textual description of μ Cephei ([https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=mu+Cep&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]) as "deep garnet red". In telescopes the star appears red due to its spectral class M2. The star is visible to the naked eye, but the human eye cannot recognize the colour without a telescope because colour vision cuts off at roughly 2 mag. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei is a semi-regular variable star, ranging between mags. 3.4 and 5.1, and was the prototype of the no-longer-used class of "mu Cephei stars". It is a red supergiant with an estimated diameter over a thousand times that of the Sun, one of the largest stars known. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>μ Cephei is a semi-regular variable star, ranging between mags. 3.4 and 5.1, and was the prototype of the no-longer-used class of "mu Cephei stars". It is a red supergiant with an estimated diameter over a thousand times that of the Sun, one of the largest stars known. </div></td></tr>
</table>Sushoff