Gemini - Revision history

IanRidpath: /* Almagest Δίδυμοι */ Corrected OCR errors, added total of stars

2026-05-20T12:53:42Z

Almagest Δίδυμοι: Corrected OCR errors, added total of stars

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:53, 20 May 2026
Line 177:		Line 177:
	\|1		\|1
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς τοῦ ἠγουμένου Διδύμου		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς τοῦ ἠγουμένου Διδύμου
	\|The star an the head of the advance twin		\|The star on the head of the advance twin
	\|alf Gem		\|alf Gem
	\|-		\|-
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	\|3		\|3
	\|ὁ ἐν τῷ ἀριστερῷ πήχει τοῦ ἠγουμένου Διδύμου.		\|ὁ ἐν τῷ ἀριστερῷ πήχει τοῦ ἠγουμένου Διδύμου.
	\|~~Thc~~ star in the ~~lcft~~ forearm of the advance twin		\|The star in the left forearm of the advance twin
	\|tet Gem		\|tet Gem
	\|-		\|-
	\|4		\|4
	\|ὁ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ βραχύουι.		\|ὁ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ βραχύουι.
	\|~~Thc~~ star in the same [left] upper arm		\|The star in the same [left] upper arm
	\|tau Gem		\|tau Gem
	\|-		\|-
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	\|6		\|6
	\|ὁ τούτῳ ἑπόμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ὤμου τοῦ αὐτοῦ Διδύμου,		\|ὁ τούτῳ ἑπόμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ὤμου τοῦ αὐτοῦ Διδύμου,
	\|The one to the rear of this, an the right shoulder ~~ofthe~~ same [ advance] twin		\|The one to the rear of this, on the right shoulder of the same [advance] twin
	\|ups Gem		\|ups Gem
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ἀκρόποδος τοῦ ἐπομένου Διδύμου.		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ἀκρόποδος τοῦ ἐπομένου Διδύμου.
	\|The star an the right foot of the rear twin		\|The star on the right foot of the rear twin
	\|xi Gem		\|xi Gem
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|ἀστέρες τη, ὥν β’ μεγέθους β, γ’ ἓ, δ’ ὅ, ε’ β.		\|ἀστέρες τη, ὥν β’ μεγέθους β, γ’ ἓ, δ’ ὅ, ε’ β.
	\|		\|{18 stars, 2 of the second magnitude, 5 of the third, 9 of the fourth, 2 of the fifth}
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	!		!
	!Οἱ περὶ τοὺς Διδύμους ἀμόρφωτοι.		!Οἱ περὶ τοὺς Διδύμους ἀμόρφωτοι.
	!Stars ~~araund~~ Gemini outside the constellation:		!Stars around Gemini outside the constellation:
	!		!
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|ὁ προηγούμενος τοῦ ἠγουμένου γόνατος λαμπρός		\|ὁ προηγούμενος τοῦ ἠγουμένου γόνατος λαμπρός
	\|The bright star in advance of the advance knee.		\|The bright star in advance of the advance knee
	\|kap Aur		\|kap Aur
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|ἀστέρες ξ, ὧν δ’ μεγέθους ἢ, ε' δ.		\|ἀστέρες ξ, ὧν δ’ μεγέθους ἢ, ε' δ.
	\|(7 stars, 3 of the fourth magnitude, 4-of the fifth}		\|{7 stars, 3 of the fourth magnitude, 4 of the fifth}
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

YoulaAzkarrula at 06:45, 20 May 2026

2026-05-20T06:45:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:45, 20 May 2026
Line 846:		Line 846:

	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Almagest]]		[[Category:Almagest]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
	[[Category:European]]		[[Category:European]]
	[[Category:Zodiac]]		[[Category:Zodiac]]

Sushoff at 12:28, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T12:28:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:28, 19 May 2026
Line 854:		Line 854:
	[[Category:European]]		[[Category:European]]
	[[Category:Zodiac]]		[[Category:Zodiac]]
	~~[[Category:4work]]~~

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Added Warburg link

2026-05-19T08:13:44Z

Weblinks: Added Warburg link

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:13, 19 May 2026
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	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

	*		*[https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017061 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Gemini]

	==References==		==References==

Sushoff: /* Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) */

2026-02-27T18:49:44Z

Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:49, 27 February 2026
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	\|}		\|}

	====== Setting (Lib II Cap ~~VI §10~~) ======		====== Setting (Lib III Cap IV §12) ======
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!		!
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Gem 4
	\|		\|Cnc 1 1/2
	\|		\|Vir 17
	\|		\|Lib 21 1/2
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the one called [[Propus]]
	\|		\|the one in the right hand of the rear one of the twins
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = ~~160~~ min = ~~40°~~		\| colspan="4" \|2 1/6 hours = 130 min = 32 1/2°
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-02-27T18:10:58Z

Hipparchus

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 27 February 2026
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	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

	====== Rising (Lib II Cap ~~V §10~~) ======		====== Rising (Lib III Cap III §11) ======
	<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>		<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Gem 1 1/2
	\|		\|Gem 30
	\|		\|Aqr 10 1/2
	\|		\|Psc 8 1/2
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the one in the left hand of the front twin
	\|		\|the one in the right hand of the rear twin
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = ~~127.5~~ min = ~~31 7~~/8 degree		\| colspan="4" \|1 5/6 hours = 110 min = 27 1/2 degree
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Mythology */

2026-02-26T20:45:11Z

Mythology

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:45, 26 February 2026
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	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	===Origin of Constellation===		===Origin of Constellation===
	The Greek twins are borrowed from mythology.<ref>Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref> They are called Polydeuces (Roman [[Pollux]]) and Castor (Latin: [[Castor]]) and were heroes of the Argonauts. However, these young men are certainly a projection, as the constellation is Mesopotamian: the zodiac was adopted by the Greeks from Babylon, so the twins are likely to be Sumerian in origin. The constellation is already documented in MUL.APIN. However, there are two pairs of twins, the Greater and Lesser Twins ([[MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL]], [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR]]).		The Greek twins are borrowed from mythology.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref> They are called Polydeuces (Roman [[Pollux]]) and Castor (Latin: [[Castor]]) and were heroes of the Argonauts. However, these young men are certainly a projection, as the constellation is Mesopotamian: the zodiac was adopted by the Greeks from Babylon, so the twins are likely to be Sumerian in origin. The constellation is already documented in MUL.APIN. However, there are two pairs of twins, the Greater and Lesser Twins ([[MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL]], [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR]]).

	According to Babylonian uranological texts, the Greater Twins are depicted as warriors who are clothed and carry weapons. This fits in with the fact that next to them is the constellation of a weapon, the crooked wood (a projectile) in the area of our constellation Auriga. They are called Lugalirra and Meslamtaea and are underworld deities; the second is an epithet of the ruler of the underworld.		According to Babylonian uranological texts, the Greater Twins are depicted as warriors who are clothed and carry weapons. This fits in with the fact that next to them is the constellation of a weapon, the crooked wood (a projectile) in the area of our constellation Auriga. They are called Lugalirra and Meslamtaea and are underworld deities; the second is an epithet of the ruler of the underworld.
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	==Mythology==		==Mythology==
			'''Greek'''<ref name=":0" />

			According to Eratosthenes, these are the Dioscuri, [[Castor]] and Polydeuces ([[Pollux]]) of Sparta. Queen Leda gave birth to unequal twins, so it was said that one was by her husband Tyndareus, while the other was a son of Zeus and therefore immortal.

			The young men achieved fame by accompanying Heracles ([[Hercules]]) and participating in Jason's voyage on the [[Argo]]. They surpassed everyone in their brotherly love, as they never fought over power or anything else.

			In battle, the mortal brother, Castor, was seriously wounded, and then the immortal brother asked his father Zeus to allow him to die as well. Zeus, however, placed the brothers in the sky to commemorate their bond.

			The principle of the rise and fall of the constellations clearly shows that they spend part of the year with Hades in the underworld and the other part of the year in the sky.

			'''Roman'''

	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

Sushoff at 20:42, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T20:42:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:42, 26 February 2026
Line 2:		Line 2:
	----		----
	[[File:Gemini IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Gem star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]		[[File:Gemini IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Gem star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
	~~One~~ of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]].		Gemini, The Twins, one of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. The modern constellation is rooted in the ancient Greek tradition which, in turn, has a Babylonian predecessor. The Babylonanian constellation was likely called The Greater Twins ([[MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL]]), as opposed to many other twin constellations in Babylonian uranography.

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	The Greek constellation ...		===Origin of Constellation===
			The Greek twins are borrowed from mythology.<ref>Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref> They are called Polydeuces (Roman [[Pollux]]) and Castor (Latin: [[Castor]]) and were heroes of the Argonauts. However, these young men are certainly a projection, as the constellation is Mesopotamian: the zodiac was adopted by the Greeks from Babylon, so the twins are likely to be Sumerian in origin. The constellation is already documented in MUL.APIN. However, there are two pairs of twins, the Greater and Lesser Twins ([[MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL]], [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR]]).

			According to Babylonian uranological texts, the Greater Twins are depicted as warriors who are clothed and carry weapons. This fits in with the fact that next to them is the constellation of a weapon, the crooked wood (a projectile) in the area of our constellation Auriga. They are called Lugalirra and Meslamtaea and are underworld deities; the second is an epithet of the ruler of the underworld.

	~~===Origin~~ of ~~Constellation===~~		The Little Twins could be a kind of weather deities: one carries lightning bolts, the other a whip. Both pairs of twins are depicted clothed and with beards, i.e. they are anthropomorphic male deities. Their names are Alamusch and Ningublaga. They are associated with the moon god; the first is his messenger, the second his son. It is common in various cultures to associate the moon with weather phenomena.

			In Uranological texts, these two pairs of twins are still very well documented in the 1st millennium, although only one of the pairs, the Great Twins, is ever mentioned in the zodiac. They were probably merged at some point – perhaps only through Greek transfer.

	==== Babylonian ====		==== Babylonian ====

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-02-22T17:44:20Z

Hipparchus

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:44, 22 February 2026
Line 19:		Line 19:

	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

			====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======
			<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			! colspan="2" \|east
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = 127.5 min = 31 7/8 degree
			\|}

			====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!
			! colspan="2" \|west
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = 160 min = 40°
			\|}

			====== Stars Mentioned ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			!Greek
			!German
			!English
			!ident.
			!src
			!
			!lam_culm
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, first
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, last
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §2
			\|setting CrB, south, last
			\|Psc 13.5
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §13
			\|setting Aql, south, first
			\|Ari 2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib III Cap I §9
			\|rising Ori, south, last
			\|Psc 13
			\|}

	===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====		===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Almagest Δίδυμοι */

2026-02-06T10:27:00Z

Almagest Δίδυμοι

Show changes