Guansuo - Revision history

HaochengLyu: Small changes

2026-04-18T02:24:54Z

Small changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:24, 18 April 2026
Line 12:		Line 12:
	The Guansuo constellation is an ancient Chinese constellation. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (史记, Shǐjì), ''Treatise on the Celestial Officials'' (天官书), written around 100 BCE, states:<blockquote>There are fifteen stars arranged in a hook-like circle (句圜, 勾圜, Gōu Huán); they are called the Prison of Mean People. When the stars inside the prison are numerous, it means many prisoners; when they are sparse, it means prisoners have been released.</blockquote>The "hook-like circle" (句圜) is the precursor of Guansuo, regarded as the Prison of Mean People, also known as the "Heavenly Prison". One theory holds that the 9 stars of Guansuo and the 7 stars of [[Qigong]] together originated from the 15 stars of the hook-like circle.		The Guansuo constellation is an ancient Chinese constellation. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (史记, Shǐjì), ''Treatise on the Celestial Officials'' (天官书), written around 100 BCE, states:<blockquote>There are fifteen stars arranged in a hook-like circle (句圜, 勾圜, Gōu Huán); they are called the Prison of Mean People. When the stars inside the prison are numerous, it means many prisoners; when they are sparse, it means prisoners have been released.</blockquote>The "hook-like circle" (句圜) is the precursor of Guansuo, regarded as the Prison of Mean People, also known as the "Heavenly Prison". One theory holds that the 9 stars of Guansuo and the 7 stars of [[Qigong]] together originated from the 15 stars of the hook-like circle.

	The ''Book of Jin'' (晋书, Jìn Shū), ''Treatise on Astronomy'', similarly records it as:<blockquote>Guansuo, the Prison of Mean People, governing laws and restraining violence and the strong.</blockquote>In astrological practice, the number of visible stars within Guansuo was often used to divine the number of prisoners in jail. This may be due to the considerable number of variable stars near ~~Guàn Suǒ~~, such as R CrB, T CrB, and others.		The ''Book of Jin'' (晋书, Jìn Shū), ''Treatise on Astronomy'', similarly records it as:<blockquote>Guansuo, the Prison of Mean People, governing laws and restraining violence and the strong.</blockquote>In astrological practice, the number of visible stars within Guansuo was often used to divine the number of prisoners in jail. This may be due to the considerable number of variable stars near Guansuo, such as R CrB, T CrB, and others.

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===
Line 36:		Line 36:
	\| θ CrB		\| θ CrB
	\| π CrB		\| π CrB
	\| θ CrB		\| θ CrB (Determinative)
	(Determinative)		\| θ CrB (Determinative)
	\| θ CrB
	(Determinative)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 2nd		\| 2nd

HaochengLyu: Added pictures

2026-04-18T02:19:07Z

Added pictures

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:19, 18 April 2026
Line 6:		Line 6:

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
	In ancient China, coins were known as "square-hole coins" — made of bronze, circular in shape, with a square hole in the center. People would thread a string through the square holes to string coins together into a string, thereby organizing the money and making it easier to store and carry. This string was called Guansuo. In monetary measurement, a bundle of a thousand copper coins tied together with such a string was called a guàn (贯).[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Yuan dynasty (1360s) in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Qigong ~~and Guansuo~~ in Yuan dynasty (1360s) in Stellarium]]		In ancient China, coins were known as "square-hole coins" — made of bronze, circular in shape, with a square hole in the center. People would thread a string through the square holes to string coins together into a string, thereby organizing the money and making it easier to store and carry. This string was called Guansuo. In monetary measurement, a bundle of a thousand copper coins tied together with such a string was called a guàn (贯).
			[[File:Guansuo copper coins.jpg\|alt=Guansuo is shaped like a string of copper coins\|thumb\|Guansuo is shaped like a string of copper coins]]
			[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Yuan dynasty (1360s) in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Guansuo and Qigong in Yuan and Ming dynasty (1360s) in Stellarium]]
			[[File:Gouhuan.jpg\|alt=Gouhuan (勾圜) 15 stars identified by Pan Nai\|thumb\|Gouhuan(勾圜) 15 stars identified by Pan Nai]]
			The Guansuo constellation is an ancient Chinese constellation. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (史记, Shǐjì), ''Treatise on the Celestial Officials'' (天官书), written around 100 BCE, states:<blockquote>There are fifteen stars arranged in a hook-like circle (句圜, 勾圜, Gōu Huán); they are called the Prison of Mean People. When the stars inside the prison are numerous, it means many prisoners; when they are sparse, it means prisoners have been released.</blockquote>The "hook-like circle" (句圜) is the precursor of Guansuo, regarded as the Prison of Mean People, also known as the "Heavenly Prison". One theory holds that the 9 stars of Guansuo and the 7 stars of [[Qigong]] together originated from the 15 stars of the hook-like circle.

	The Guansuo constellation is an ancient Chinese constellation. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (史记, Shǐjì), ''Treatise on the Celestial Officials'' (天官书), written around 100 BCE, states: "There are fifteen stars arranged in a hook-like circle (句圜, Gōu Huán); they are called the Prison of Mean People. When the stars inside the prison are numerous, it means many prisoners; when they are sparse, it means prisoners have been released." The "hook-like circle" (句圜) is the precursor of Guansuo, regarded as the Prison of Mean People, also known as the "Heavenly Prison". (One theory holds that the 9 stars of Guansuo and the 7 stars of [[Qigong]] together originated from the 15 stars of the hook-like circle.)		The ''Book of Jin'' (晋书, Jìn Shū), ''Treatise on Astronomy'', similarly records it as:<blockquote>Guansuo, the Prison of Mean People, governing laws and restraining violence and the strong.</blockquote>In astrological practice, the number of visible stars within Guansuo was often used to divine the number of prisoners in jail. This may be due to the considerable number of variable stars near Guàn Suǒ, such as R CrB, T CrB, and others.

	The ''Book of Jin'' (晋书, Jìn Shū), ''Treatise on Astronomy'', similarly records it as "the Prison of Mean People, governing laws and restraining violence and the strong."

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===

HaochengLyu: Added pictures

2026-04-17T16:23:10Z

Added pictures

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:23, 17 April 2026
Line 2:		Line 2:
	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Guansuo in Stellarium.png\|alt=Two different possible positions for the opening of the Guansuo constellation.\|thumb\|Guansuo in Stellarium, shows two different possible positions for the opening of the Guansuo constellation.]]		[[File:Guansuo in Stellarium.png\|alt=Two different possible positions for the opening of the Guansuo constellation.\|thumb\|Guansuo in Stellarium, shows two different possible positions for the opening of the Guansuo constellation.\|450x450px]]
	Guàn Suǒ (Coiled Thong, 贯索), a Chinese constellation located within the [[Corona Borealis]]. Consists of 9 stars in front of [[Qigong]] (Seven Excellencies, 七公). This constellation is named for its shape, which resembles a string threaded through a series of copper coins. It is also regarded as the "Prison of Mean People". It belongs to the Shi school (石氏) and is located in the Heavenly Market Enclosure (天市垣) of the Three Enclosures.		Guàn Suǒ (Coiled Thong, 贯索), a Chinese constellation located within the [[Corona Borealis]]. Consists of 9 stars in front of [[Qigong]] (Seven Excellencies, 七公). This constellation is named for its shape, which resembles a string threaded through a series of copper coins. It is also regarded as the "Prison of Mean People". It belongs to the Shi school (石氏) and is located in the Heavenly Market Enclosure (天市垣) of the Three Enclosures.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
	In ancient China, coins were known as "square-hole coins" — made of bronze, circular in shape, with a square hole in the center. People would thread a string through the square holes to string coins together into a string, thereby organizing the money and making it easier to store and carry. This string was called Guansuo. In monetary measurement, a bundle of a thousand copper coins tied together with such a string was called a guàn (贯).		In ancient China, coins were known as "square-hole coins" — made of bronze, circular in shape, with a square hole in the center. People would thread a string through the square holes to string coins together into a string, thereby organizing the money and making it easier to store and carry. This string was called Guansuo. In monetary measurement, a bundle of a thousand copper coins tied together with such a string was called a guàn (贯).[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Yuan dynasty (1360s) in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Qigong and Guansuo in Yuan dynasty (1360s) in Stellarium]]

	The Guansuo constellation is an ancient Chinese constellation. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (史记, Shǐjì), ''Treatise on the Celestial Officials'' (天官书), written around 100 BCE, states: "There are fifteen stars arranged in a hook-like circle (句圜, Gōu Huán); they are called the Prison of Mean People. When the stars inside the prison are numerous, it means many prisoners; when they are sparse, it means prisoners have been released." The "hook-like circle" (句圜) is the precursor of Guansuo, regarded as the Prison of Mean People, also known as the "Heavenly Prison". (One theory holds that the 9 stars of Guansuo and the 7 stars of [[Qigong]] together originated from the 15 stars of the hook-like circle.)		The Guansuo constellation is an ancient Chinese constellation. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (史记, Shǐjì), ''Treatise on the Celestial Officials'' (天官书), written around 100 BCE, states: "There are fifteen stars arranged in a hook-like circle (句圜, Gōu Huán); they are called the Prison of Mean People. When the stars inside the prison are numerous, it means many prisoners; when they are sparse, it means prisoners have been released." The "hook-like circle" (句圜) is the precursor of Guansuo, regarded as the Prison of Mean People, also known as the "Heavenly Prison". (One theory holds that the 9 stars of Guansuo and the 7 stars of [[Qigong]] together originated from the 15 stars of the hook-like circle.)
Line 13:		Line 13:

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===
	The shape of Guansuo is a ring ~~with~~ an opening on the north side (considered a gate). The identification of its 9 stars is fairly certain, with the only point of disagreement being the location of the opening. Its determinative star was originally the "star to the right of the gate" (门右星), which, depending on the opening position, could be either θ CrB or π CrB. In observational records from the Huangyou era of the Northern Song Dynasty (1052 CE), the determinative star was changed to the brightest star, α CrB.		The shape of Guansuo is a complete ring. In many depictions it has an opening on the north side (considered a gate). The identification of its 9 stars is fairly certain, with the only point of disagreement being the location of the opening. Its determinative star was originally the "star to the right of the gate" (门右星), which, depending on the opening position, could be either θ CrB or π CrB. In observational records from the Huangyou era of the Northern Song Dynasty (1052 CE), the determinative star was changed to the brightest star, α CrB.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
Line 105:		Line 105:

	=== Maps (Gallery) ===		=== Maps (Gallery) ===
	~~{\| class~~="~~wikitable~~"		<gallery widths="300" heights="300" caption="Guansuo">
	\|+		File:Guansuo on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.jpg\|Guansuo on ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido''
	~~!historical map~~		File:Guansuo on Suzhou Star Map (13th century).jpg\|Guansuo on Suzhou Star Map
	~~!modern identification~~		File:Guansuo on 18th century star map.png\|Guansuo on 18th century star map
	~~(Yang 2023)~~		</gallery>
	~~!same in Stellarium 24.4~~
	\|-
	~~\|[[~~File:~~Kulou~~ on ~~the~~ Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido ~~Star Chart~~.jpg\|~~alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)\|thumb\|Kulou~~ on ~~the~~ Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star ~~Chart]]~~
	\|
	\|
	\|}


	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==

HaochengLyu: Created new page "Guansuo"

2026-04-17T15:39:06Z

Created new page "Guansuo"

New page

{{DISPLAYTITLE: Guansuo (贯索)}}
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
[[File:Guansuo in Stellarium.png|alt=Two different possible positions for the opening of the Guansuo constellation.|thumb|Guansuo in Stellarium, shows two different possible positions for the opening of the Guansuo constellation.]]
Guàn Suǒ (Coiled Thong, 贯索), a Chinese constellation located within the [[Corona Borealis]]. Consists of 9 stars in front of [[Qigong]] (Seven Excellencies, 七公). This constellation is named for its shape, which resembles a string threaded through a series of copper coins. It is also regarded as the "Prison of Mean People". It belongs to the Shi school (石氏) and is located in the Heavenly Market Enclosure (天市垣) of the Three Enclosures.

== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
In ancient China, coins were known as "square-hole coins" — made of bronze, circular in shape, with a square hole in the center. People would thread a string through the square holes to string coins together into a string, thereby organizing the money and making it easier to store and carry. This string was called Guansuo. In monetary measurement, a bundle of a thousand copper coins tied together with such a string was called a guàn (贯).

The Guansuo constellation is an ancient Chinese constellation. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (史记, Shǐjì), ''Treatise on the Celestial Officials'' (天官书), written around 100 BCE, states: "There are fifteen stars arranged in a hook-like circle (句圜, Gōu Huán); they are called the Prison of Mean People. When the stars inside the prison are numerous, it means many prisoners; when they are sparse, it means prisoners have been released." The "hook-like circle" (句圜) is the precursor of Guansuo, regarded as the Prison of Mean People, also known as the "Heavenly Prison". (One theory holds that the 9 stars of Guansuo and the 7 stars of [[Qigong]] together originated from the 15 stars of the hook-like circle.)

The ''Book of Jin'' (晋书, Jìn Shū), ''Treatise on Astronomy'', similarly records it as "the Prison of Mean People, governing laws and restraining violence and the strong."

=== Identification of stars ===
The shape of Guansuo is a ring with an opening on the north side (considered a gate). The identification of its 9 stars is fairly certain, with the only point of disagreement being the location of the opening. Its determinative star was originally the "star to the right of the gate" (门右星), which, depending on the opening position, could be either θ CrB or π CrB. In observational records from the Huangyou era of the Northern Song Dynasty (1052 CE), the determinative star was changed to the brightest star, α CrB.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Star Names or Orders(Traditional/Qing)
!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>
!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>
Based on catalogue in 18th century
!Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.</ref>
based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map
!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>
Han Dynasty
!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>
before Tang dynasty
!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1" />
Song Jingyou(1034)
|-
| 1st
| π CrB
| π CrB
| θ CrB
| π CrB
| θ CrB
(Determinative)
| θ CrB
(Determinative)
|-
| 2nd
| θ CrB
| θ CrB
| β CrB
| θ CrB
| β CrB
| β CrB
|-
| 3rd
| β CrB
| β CrB
| α CrB (Determinative)
| β CrB
| α CrB
| α CrB
|-
|4th
| α CrB
| α CrB
| γ CrB
| α CrB
| γ CrB
| γ CrB
|-
|5th
|γ CrB
|γ CrB
|δ CrB
|γ CrB
|δ CrB
|δ CrB
|-
|6th
|δ CrB
|δ CrB
|ε CrB
|δ CrB
|ε CrB
|ε CrB
|-
|7th
|ε CrB
|ε CrB
|ι CrB
|ε CrB
|ι CrB
|ι CrB
|-
|8th
|ι CrB
|ι CrB
|ρ CrB
|ι CrB
|ρ CrB
|ρ CrB
|-
|9th
|ρ CrB
|ρ CrB
|κ CrB
|ρ CrB
|π CrB
|π CrB
|}

=== Maps (Gallery) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!historical map
!modern identification
(Yang 2023)
!same in Stellarium 24.4
|-
|[[File:Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart.jpg|alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)|thumb|Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart]]
|
|
|}

== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
In 202x, the name of the historical constellation "xxx" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. ...

Decision: ...

==References ==
[[References (Chinese)]]

[[Category:Asterism ]]
[[Category:Constellation ]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:East Asian]]
[[Category:Chinese ]]