Hercules - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-26T15:05:43Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:05, 26 August 2026
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	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
	Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 14-16). <blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 1 (Τοῦ ἐν γόρασιν):''' It appears to be Heracles trampling the Serpent underfoot. The hero can be clearly seen brandishing his club and wrapped in his lion skin. It is said that, on his quest for the golden apples, he killed the snake that had been placed there as a guardian. Hera had placed it there precisely so that it would confront Heracles. This is why, once this extremely perilous task had been completed, Zeus deemed the ordeal worthy of remembrance and placed the image among the constellations. On one side is the snake, raising its head; on the other, Heracles, trampling it underfoot, immobilising it under one knee while crushing its head with his other foot, brandishing his club in his right hand as if he were about to strike it, while his left arm is wrapped in his lion's skin. He has a shining star on his head, one on his right arm, one on each shoulder, one on his left elbow, one at the end of his arm, one on each side -the brightest being the one on the left flank-, two on the right thigh, one on the bent knee, two on the calf, one on the foot, one above the the right hand, called ‘the Mace’, and four on the lion's skin. In all, nineteen. </blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2 (Τοῦ ἐν γόρασιν):''' It shows Heracles trampling underfoot the Serpent. One <distinguishes clearly> the hero's posture, protected by his lion skin. It is said that he <set out> in search of the golden apples, and killed <the snake> which had been put there as a guard, at the cost of many difficulties. For the snake had a great many different voices, was of exceptional size, of impressive strength, and sleep had no hold on it. <...> This Heracles has a star on his head, one on his arm, one shining on each shoulder, one on his left elbow <...>, one on his calf, <one> under his right hand called ‘the Mace’. Thirteen in all. </blockquote>Note that the constellation is called The Kneeler and the hero's proper name is only explained in mythology.		Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 14-16). <blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 1 (Τοῦ ἐν γόρασιν):''' It appears to be Heracles trampling the Serpent underfoot. The hero can be clearly seen brandishing his club and wrapped in his lion skin. It is said that, on his quest for the golden apples, he killed the snake that had been placed there as a guardian. Hera had placed it there precisely so that it would confront Heracles. This is why, once this extremely perilous task had been completed, Zeus deemed the ordeal worthy of remembrance and placed the image among the constellations. On one side is the snake, raising its head; on the other, Heracles, trampling it underfoot, immobilising it under one knee while crushing its head with his other foot, brandishing his club in his right hand as if he were about to strike it, while his left arm is wrapped in his lion's skin. He has a shining star on his head, one on his right arm, one on each shoulder, one on his left elbow, one at the end of his arm, one on each side -the brightest being the one on the left flank-, two on the right thigh, one on the bent knee, two on the calf, one on the foot, one above the the right hand, called ‘the Mace’, and four on the lion's skin. In all, nineteen. </blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2 (Τοῦ ἐν γόρασιν):''' It shows Heracles trampling underfoot the Serpent. One <distinguishes clearly> the hero's posture, protected by his lion skin. It is said that he <set out> in search of the golden apples, and killed <the snake> which had been put there as a guard, at the cost of many difficulties. For the snake had a great many different voices, was of exceptional size, of impressive strength, and sleep had no hold on it. <...> This Heracles has a star on his head, one on his arm, one shining on each shoulder, one on his left elbow <...>, one on his calf, <one> under his right hand called ‘the Mace’. Thirteen in all. </blockquote>Note that the constellation is called The Kneeler and the hero's proper name is only explained in mythology.

			'''Eratosthenes's star catalogue''' can be reconstructed from the list of stars he mentions in the last section of each of the constelllation descriptions. Hoffmann (2017)<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> made such a catalogue and used it for computational comparison with Hipparchus's, Ptolemy's and Babylonian data; it is based on the edition and translation by Pamias and Geus (2007)<ref>Eratosthenes: Sternsagen, übersetzt von Pamìas, Jordi und Geus, Klaus, Verlag Utopica, Oberhaid 2007</ref> and presented here in English translation.

	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"

Sushoff: /* Stars Mentioned */

2026-08-26T13:23:53Z

Stars Mentioned

Show changes

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T20:15:42Z

Eratosthenes

Show changes

IanRidpath: Inserted missing ID numbers

2026-07-24T19:11:30Z

Inserted missing ID numbers

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:11, 24 July 2026
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	\|lam Her		\|lam Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|7
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ ἀγκῶνος		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ ἀγκῶνος
	\|The star on the left elbow		\|The star on the left elbow
	\|mu Her		\|mu Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|8
	\|τῶν ἐν τῷ ἀριστερῷ καρπῷ ν’ ὁ ἐπόμευος		\|τῶν ἐν τῷ ἀριστερῷ καρπῷ ν’ ὁ ἐπόμευος
	\|The rearmost of the 3 stars in the left wrist		\|The rearmost of the 3 stars in the left wrist
	\|omi Her		\|omi Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|9
	\|τῶν λοιπῶν β ὁ βόρειος.		\|τῶν λοιπῶν β ὁ βόρειος.
	\|The northernmost of the other 2		\|The northernmost of the other 2
	\|nu Her		\|nu Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|10
	\|ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν.		\|ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν.
	\|The southernmost of them		\|The southernmost of them
	\|xi Her		\|xi Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|11
	\|ὁ ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ πλευρᾷ.		\|ὁ ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ πλευρᾷ.
	\|The star in the right side		\|The star in the right side
	\|zet Her		\|zet Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|12
	\|ὁ ἐν τῇ ἀριστερᾷ πλευρᾷ		\|ὁ ἐν τῇ ἀριστερᾷ πλευρᾷ
	\|The star in the left side		\|The star in the left side
	\|eps Her		\|eps Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|13
	\|ὁ τούτου βορειότερος ἐπὶ τοῦ γλουτοῦ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ,		\|ὁ τούτου βορειότερος ἐπὶ τοῦ γλουτοῦ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ,
	\|The one north of the latter, on the left buttock		\|The one north of the latter, on the left buttock
	\|59 Her		\|59 Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|14
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκφύσεως τοῦ αὐτοῦ μηροῦ.		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκφύσεως τοῦ αὐτοῦ μηροῦ.
	\|The one on the place where the thigh joins the same [buttock]		\|The one on the place where the thigh joins the same [buttock]
	\|61 Her		\|61 Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|15
	\|τῶν ἐν τῷ ἀριστερῷ μηρῷ τριῶν ὁ προηγούμεσος;		\|τῶν ἐν τῷ ἀριστερῷ μηρῷ τριῶν ὁ προηγούμεσος;
	\|The most advanced of the 3 in the left thigh		\|The most advanced of the 3 in the left thigh
	\|pi Her		\|pi Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|16
	\|ὁ τούτῳ ἐπόμευος		\|ὁ τούτῳ ἐπόμευος
	\|The one to the rear of this		\|The one to the rear of this
	\|69 Her		\|69 Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|17
	\|ὁ ἔτι τούτῳ ἑπόμενος.		\|ὁ ἔτι τούτῳ ἑπόμενος.
	\|The one yet further to the rear of this		\|The one yet further to the rear of this
	\|rho Her		\|rho Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|18
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ γόνατος.		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ γόνατος.
	\|The star on the left knee		\|The star on the left knee
	\|tet Her		\|tet Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|19
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ ἀντικρημίου.		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ ἀντικρημίου.
	\|The star on the left shin		\|The star on the left shin
	\|iot Her		\|iot Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|20
	\|τῶν ἐν τῷ ἀριστερῷ ἀκροποδίῳ ἢ ὁ προηγούμενος.		\|τῶν ἐν τῷ ἀριστερῷ ἀκροποδίῳ ἢ ὁ προηγούμενος.
	\|The most advanced of the 3 stars in the left foot		\|The most advanced of the 3 stars in the left foot
	\|74 Her		\|74 Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|21
	\|ὁ μέσος τῶν τριῶν.		\|ὁ μέσος τῶν τριῶν.
	\|The middle one of the three		\|The middle one of the three
	\|77 Her		\|77 Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|22
	\|ὁ ἐπόμενος αὐτῶν.		\|ὁ ἐπόμενος αὐτῶν.
	\|The rearmost of them		\|The rearmost of them
	\|82 Her		\|82 Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|23
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκφόσεως τοῦ δεξιοῦ μηροῦ.		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκφόσεως τοῦ δεξιοῦ μηροῦ.
	\|The star on the place where the right thigh joins [the buttock]		\|The star on the place where the right thigh joins [the buttock]
	\|eta Her		\|eta Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|24
	\|ὁ βορειότερος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ μηρῷ.		\|ὁ βορειότερος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ μηρῷ.
	\|The star north of it in the same thigh		\|The star north of it in the same thigh
	\|sig Her		\|sig Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|25
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ γόνατος		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ γόνατος
	\|The star on the right knee		\|The star on the right knee
	\|tau Her		\|tau Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|26
	\|τῶν ὑπὸ τὸ δεξιὸν γόνυ β’ ὁ νοτιώτερος.		\|τῶν ὑπὸ τὸ δεξιὸν γόνυ β’ ὁ νοτιώτερος.
	\|The southernmost of the 2 stars under the right knee		\|The southernmost of the 2 stars under the right knee
	\|phi Her		\|phi Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|27
	\|ὁ βορειότερος αὐτῶν.		\|ὁ βορειότερος αὐτῶν.
	\|The northernmost of them		\|The northernmost of them
	\|ups Her		\|ups Her
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|28
	\|ὁ ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ κυήμῃ.		\|ὁ ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ κυήμῃ.
	\|The star in the right lower leg		\|The star in the right lower leg
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|29
	\|χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἀστέρες κη, ὧν γ’ μεγέθουςξ, δ’ ὕ, εβ,ς γ		\|χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἀστέρες κη, ὧν γ’ μεγέθουςξ, δ’ ὕ, εβ,ς γ
	\|{Not counting the latter, 28 stars, 6 of the third magnitude, 17 of the fourth, 2 of the fifth, 3 of the sixth}		\|{Not counting the latter, 28 stars, 6 of the third magnitude, 17 of the fourth, 2 of the fifth, 3 of the sixth}

IanRidpath: No space after M in Messier objects

2026-07-24T08:29:39Z

No space after M in Messier objects

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:29, 24 July 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|86		\|86
	\|~~M 13~~		\|M13
	\|~~M 13~~		\|M13
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull
	\|5.8		\|5.8

IanRidpath: /* Stars within the Constellation Area */ Superscripts

2026-07-22T22:55:49Z

Stars within the Constellation Area: Superscripts

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:55, 22 July 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|31		\|31
	\|ν 2 Boötis		\|ν<sup>2</sup> Boötis
	\|HIP 76041		\|HIP 76041
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull
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	\|-		\|-
	\|32		\|32
	\|ζ 1 Coronae Borealis		\|ζ<sup>1</sup> Coronae Borealis
	\|HIP 76669		\|HIP 76669
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull
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	\|-		\|-
	\|35		\|35
	\|ν 1 Boötis		\|ν<sup>1</sup> Boötis
	\|HIP 75973		\|HIP 75973
	\|Constellation lines (Vertex)		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
Line 650:		Line 650:
	\|-		\|-
	\|42		\|42
	\|ν 1 Coronae Borealis		\|ν<sup>1</sup> Coronae Borealis
	\|HIP 80197		\|HIP 80197
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull
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	\|-		\|-
	\|53		\|53
	\|ν 2 Coronae Borealis		\|ν<sup>2</sup> Coronae Borealis
	\|HIP 80214		\|HIP 80214
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull

IanRidpath: /* Rudolphine Tables (1627) */ Copy edit

2026-07-22T22:53:39Z

Rudolphine Tables (1627): Copy edit

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:53, 22 July 2026
Line 1,357:		Line 1,357:
	==== Rudolphine Tables (1627) ====		==== Rudolphine Tables (1627) ====
	[[File:Her Engonasi RudoplaTab.png\|thumb\|Her in the Rudolphine Tables (Kepler 1627).]]		[[File:Her Engonasi RudoplaTab.png\|thumb\|Her in the Rudolphine Tables (Kepler 1627).]]
	~~TheTabulae~~ Rudolphinae were ordered and dedicated to Emperor Rudolph II of the Holy Roman Empire. The main purpose was to allow the computation of the positions of the ~~then known~~ five classically known planets, but the tables also ~~consist of~~ a star catalogue. They were published by Johannes Kepler (1627), including earlier work and observational data by Tycho Brahe. The original Latin title is "Tabulæ Rudolphinæ, Quibus Astronomicæ Scientiæ, Temporum longinquitate collapsæ Restauratio continetur".		The Tabulae Rudolphinae were ordered and dedicated to Emperor Rudolph II of the Holy Roman Empire. The main purpose was to allow the computation of the positions of the five classically known planets, but the tables also include a star catalogue. They were published by Johannes Kepler (1627), including earlier work and observational data by Tycho Brahe. The original Latin title is "Tabulæ Rudolphinæ, Quibus Astronomicæ Scientiæ, Temporum longinquitate collapsæ Restauratio continetur".

	Kepler uses the ancient Greek term "'''Engonasi'''[n]", '''The Kneeler,''' as primary and gives the mythological associate proper name "'''Hercules'''" in the Latin name variant (as opposed to Greek Herakles) as a name variant. [[File:Ramus+Cerberus Senex.JPG\|thumb\|Ramus et Cerberus in Senex (1721/2), thanks to [https://crouchrarebooks.com/ Daniel Crouch] and Ian Ridpath.]]		Kepler uses the ancient Greek term "'''Engonasi'''[n]", '''The Kneeler,''' as primary and gives the mythological associate proper name "'''Hercules'''" in the Latin name variant (as opposed to Greek Herakles) as a name variant. [[File:Ramus+Cerberus Senex.JPG\|thumb\|Ramus et Cerberus in Senex (1721/2), thanks to [https://crouchrarebooks.com/ Daniel Crouch] and Ian Ridpath.]]

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */

2026-07-22T15:04:11Z

Weblinks

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:04, 22 July 2026
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	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==
	* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017044 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Hercules]		* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017044 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Hercules]
			* Ian Ridpath's ''Star Tales'' [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/hercules.html – Hercules]

	==References==		==References==

Sushoff at 05:54, 13 July 2026

2026-07-13T05:54:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:54, 13 July 2026
Line 23:		Line 23:
	\| numbermessierobjects =		\| numbermessierobjects =
	\| meteorshowers =		\| meteorshowers =
	\| bordering = Her, ~~Bootes~~, CrB, Ser		\| bordering = Her, Boo, CrB, Ser
	\| notes =		\| notes =
	\| cat = Almagest constellation		\| cat = Almagest constellation

Sushoff at 05:54, 13 July 2026

2026-07-13T05:54:17Z

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ----
 [[File:Hercules IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Her star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
 One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. The name of the modern constellation is Latinised from Greek "Herakles", a hero in ancient mythology. As the image of the constellation appears strangely turned upside down for the northern observer looking southwards, the image likely has a foreign origin. Possible remote Sumerian sources have been considered, but a comprehensive transformation history with archaeological proof and historical evidence is yet to be written.