IKU - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-08-04T17:47:54Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:47, 4 August 2026
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	For the Esagil and 'The Field' see Debourse 2022: 244-245.		For the Esagil and 'The Field' see Debourse 2022: 244-245.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>: <blockquote>The sumerogram consists of AŠ ‘1’+ GÁN(A) “field” which also designates the area measure IKU (ca. 60 sqm). A better transliteration would be AŠ.IKU. <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN (explanatory list in MUL.APIN: Anu line 1 left). </~~blockquote><~~blockquote>The Sumerian and Akkadian names of the constellation provide a chain on homonyms and near homonyms. Sumerian IKU is a homonym of both Akkadian ''iku'', the area measure, and ''ikû, ''field, dike,' which itself = Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga, this being the standard Sumerian term for agricultural fields. Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga itself is a near homonym of the Sumerian writing of the star-name <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN, which includes the Sumerian word, gán, that too has the meaning of agricultural plots (= Akkadian eqlu) -- all of the above matching the square shape(s) formed by the stars of the constellation. ~~</blockquote>~~'''Variants:'''		Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>: <blockquote>'''AŠ.GÁN = (1) ikû.''' The sumerogram consists of AŠ ‘1’+ GÁN(A) “field” which also designates the area measure IKU (ca. 60 sqm). A better transliteration would be AŠ.IKU. <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN (explanatory list in MUL.APIN: Anu line 1 left). </blockquote>The Sumerian and Akkadian names of the constellation provide a chain on homonyms and near homonyms. Sumerian IKU is a homonym of both Akkadian ''iku'', the area measure, and ''ikû, ''field, dike,' which itself = Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga, this being the standard Sumerian term for agricultural fields. Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga itself is a near homonym of the Sumerian writing of the star-name <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN, which includes the Sumerian word, gán, that too has the meaning of agricultural plots (= Akkadian eqlu) -- all of the above matching the square shape(s) formed by the stars of the constellation.

			'''Variants:'''

	* ''= ikû,''		* ''= ikû,''

Sushoff: /* Stars within the Constellation Area */

2026-08-04T17:43:56Z

Stars within the Constellation Area

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:43, 4 August 2026
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	For the Esagil and 'The Field' see Debourse 2022: 244-245.		For the Esagil and 'The Field' see Debourse 2022: 244-245.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>: <blockquote>The sumerogram consists of AŠ ‘1’+ GÁN(A) “field” which also designates the area measure IKU (ca. 60 sqm). A better transliteration would be AŠ.IKU. <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN (explanatory list in MUL.APIN: Anu line 1 left). </blockquote><blockquote>The Sumerian and Akkadian names of the constellation provide a chain on homonyms and near homonyms. Sumerian IKU is a homonym of both Akkadian ''iku'', the area measure, and ''ikû, '''field, dike,' which itself = Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga, this being the standard Sumerian term for agricultural fields. Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga itself is a near homonym of the Sumerian writing of the star-name <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN, which includes the Sumerian word, gán, that too has the meaning of agricultural plots (= Akkadian ''eqlu'') -- all of the above matching the square shape(s) formed by the stars of the constellation. </blockquote>'''Variants:'''		Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>: <blockquote>The sumerogram consists of AŠ ‘1’+ GÁN(A) “field” which also designates the area measure IKU (ca. 60 sqm). A better transliteration would be AŠ.IKU. <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN (explanatory list in MUL.APIN: Anu line 1 left). </blockquote><blockquote>The Sumerian and Akkadian names of the constellation provide a chain on homonyms and near homonyms. Sumerian IKU is a homonym of both Akkadian ''iku'', the area measure, and ''ikû, ''field, dike,' which itself = Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga, this being the standard Sumerian term for agricultural fields. Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga itself is a near homonym of the Sumerian writing of the star-name <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN, which includes the Sumerian word, gán, that too has the meaning of agricultural plots (= Akkadian eqlu) -- all of the above matching the square shape(s) formed by the stars of the constellation. </blockquote>'''Variants:'''

	* ''= ikû,''		* ''= ikû,''
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	\|'''Images preserved in Ptolemaic Egypt'''		\|'''Images preserved in Ptolemaic Egypt'''
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Psc DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Iku as water bassin between two Fish (Pisces), rectangular zodiac in the Hathor Temple in Dendera		File:Psc DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Iku as water bassin between two Fish (Pisces), rectangular zodiac in the Hathor Temple in Dendera
	</gallery>		File:Psc DenderaCirc Louvre.JPG\|IKU between two fish, circular zodiac of Dendera (CC BY [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010028871 Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes])
			</gallery>Note that the Hathor temple in Dendera displays IKU between the two fish in both zodiacs, while the Chnum temple in Esna does not show it.
	\|		\|
	\|}[[File:IKU stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation IKU in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021.]]		\|}[[File:IKU stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation IKU in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021.]]
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	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Peg]]		[[Category:Peg]]

	~~[[Category:4workWayne]]~~

Sushoff: /* Stars within the Constellation Area */

2026-08-04T16:40:31Z

Stars within the Constellation Area

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:40, 4 August 2026
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	<sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> as a designation of the 12th sign of the zodiac, cf. [LBAT, 1600 obv. 14′; Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134:6′, 135 rev. 12; 1987b, 213:12, 20; Ungnad 1941-44, S. 258, Anm. 51]. See also [SpTU V, 270:2′].		<sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> as a designation of the 12th sign of the zodiac, cf. [LBAT, 1600 obv. 14′; Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134:6′, 135 rev. 12; 1987b, 213:12, 20; Ungnad 1941-44, S. 258, Anm. 51]. See also [SpTU V, 270:2′].
			\|
			\|-
			\|'''Images preserved in Ptolemaic Egypt'''
			<gallery>
			File:Psc DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Iku as water bassin between two Fish (Pisces), rectangular zodiac in the Hathor Temple in Dendera
			</gallery>
	\|		\|
	\|}[[File:IKU stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation IKU in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021.]]		\|}[[File:IKU stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellation IKU in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021.]]

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-08-04T16:37:04Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 4 August 2026
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	For the Esagil and 'The Field' see Debourse 2022: 244-245.		For the Esagil and 'The Field' see Debourse 2022: 244-245.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	~~The sumerogram consists of AŠ ‘1’+ GÁN~~(~~A) “field” which also designates the area measure IKU (ca. 60 sqm~~)~~. A better transliteration would be AŠ.IKU.~~<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN (explanatory list in MUL.APIN: Anu line 1 left).		Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>: <blockquote>The sumerogram consists of AŠ ‘1’+ GÁN(A) “field” which also designates the area measure IKU (ca. 60 sqm). A better transliteration would be AŠ.IKU. <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN (explanatory list in MUL.APIN: Anu line 1 left). </blockquote><blockquote>The Sumerian and Akkadian names of the constellation provide a chain on homonyms and near homonyms. Sumerian IKU is a homonym of both Akkadian ''iku'', the area measure, and ''ikû, '''field, dike,' which itself = Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga, this being the standard Sumerian term for agricultural fields. Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga itself is a near homonym of the Sumerian writing of the star-name <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN, which includes the Sumerian word, gán, that too has the meaning of agricultural plots (= Akkadian ''eqlu'') -- all of the above matching the square shape(s) formed by the stars of the constellation. </blockquote>'''Variants:'''
	The Sumerian and Akkadian names of the constellation provide a chain on homonyms and near homonyms. Sumerian IKU is a homonym of both Akkadian ''iku'', the area measure, and ''ikû, '''field, dike,' which itself = Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga, this being the standard Sumerian term for agricultural fields. Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga itself is a near homonym of the Sumerian writing of the star-name <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN, which includes the Sumerian word, gán, that too has the meaning of agricultural plots (= Akkadian ''eqlu'') -- all of the above matching the square shape(s) formed by the stars of the constellation..

	~~Reading variants:~~		* ''= ikû,''
			* <sup>mul</sup>IKU,
	* ''= ikû''.		* <sup>mul</sup>''iku''<sub>x</sub>,
	* <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GANA<sub>2</sub>,		* <sup>mul</sup>DIL.GAN<sub>2</sub>,
	* <sup>mul</sup>IKU,
	* <sup>mul</sup>''iku''<sub>x</sub>,
	* <sup>mul</sup>DIL.GAN<sub>2</sub>,
	* <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.IKU;		* <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.IKU;
			* <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GANA<sub>2</sub>
	AŠ.GAN = ''ikû'' unit of measurement A.ŠA<sub>3</sub>.GA = iku field		AŠ.GAN = ''ikû'' unit of measurement A.ŠA<sub>3</sub>.GA = iku field

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, HistoryPlanetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia. */

2026-08-04T12:22:01Z

Concordance, Etymology, HistoryPlanetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:22, 4 August 2026
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	For the Esagil and 'The Field' see Debourse 2022: 244-245.		For the Esagil and 'The Field' see Debourse 2022: 244-245.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	The sumerogram consists of AŠ ‘1’+ GÁN(A) “field” which also designates the area measure IKU (ca. 60 sqm). A better transliteration would be AŠ.IKU.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN (~~AN 1l~~).		The sumerogram consists of AŠ ‘1’+ GÁN(A) “field” which also designates the area measure IKU (ca. 60 sqm). A better transliteration would be AŠ.IKU.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN (explanatory list in MUL.APIN: Anu line 1 left).
	The Sumerian and Akkadian names of the constellation provide a chain on homonyms and near homonyms. Sumerian IKU is a homonym of both Akkadian ''iku'', the area measure, and ''ikû, '''field, dike,' which itself = Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga, this being the standard Sumerian term for agricultural fields. Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga itself is a near homonym of the Sumerian writing of the star-name <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN, which includes the Sumerian word, gán, that too has the meaning of agricultural plots (= Akkadian ''eqlu'') -- all of the above matching the square shape(s) formed by the stars of the constellation..		The Sumerian and Akkadian names of the constellation provide a chain on homonyms and near homonyms. Sumerian IKU is a homonym of both Akkadian ''iku'', the area measure, and ''ikû, '''field, dike,' which itself = Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga, this being the standard Sumerian term for agricultural fields. Sumerian a.ša<sub>3</sub>.ga itself is a near homonym of the Sumerian writing of the star-name <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN, which includes the Sumerian word, gán, that too has the meaning of agricultural plots (= Akkadian ''eqlu'') -- all of the above matching the square shape(s) formed by the stars of the constellation..

Sushoff at 12:20, 4 August 2026

2026-08-04T12:20:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:20, 4 August 2026
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	\| IPA = /iku/		\| IPA = /iku/
	\| culture = Babylonia		\| culture = Babylonia
	\| RA = 3.308968121000021 ~~to 345.9435728~~		\| RA = 345.9435728 to 3.308968121000021
	\| dec = 15.18359843 to 29.09043112		\| dec = 15.18359843 to 29.09043112
	\| areatotal = 223.15		\| areatotal = 223.15

Sushoff at 11:42, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T11:42:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:42, 5 July 2026
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	\| bordering = Peg, And		\| bordering = Peg, And
	\| notes =		\| notes =
			\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	IKU (𒃷) = ''ikû,'' 'The Field,' consists of the square of [[Pegasus]], and in first millennium Babylonian tradition, perhaps an adjoining smaller square at its side giving the asterism the same shape as the Esagil-temple in Babylon as seen from above. The Babylonian New Year's Festival celebrates 'The Field' as the star of the New Year, which is appropriate as it is the Ea-star for '''''Nisannu,''''' the first month of the year, and so the first star noted in the 'The Three Stars Each' compendium best known as ''Astrolabe B''. It is also the month-star and rising-star for Nisan in other sources belonging to this group.		IKU (𒃷) = ''ikû,'' 'The Field,' consists of the square of [[Pegasus]], and in first millennium Babylonian tradition, perhaps an adjoining smaller square at its side giving the asterism the same shape as the Esagil-temple in Babylon as seen from above. The Babylonian New Year's Festival celebrates 'The Field' as the star of the New Year, which is appropriate as it is the Ea-star for '''''Nisannu,''''' the first month of the year, and so the first star noted in the 'The Three Stars Each' compendium best known as ''Astrolabe B''. It is also the month-star and rising-star for Nisan in other sources belonging to this group.

Sushoff at 09:10, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T09:10:20Z

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ----
 [[File:IKU stellarium.jpg|alt=Stellarium map|thumb|Mesopotamian constellation IKU in Stellarium, painting: Jessica Gullberg 2021.]]
 IKU (𒃷) = ''ikû,'' 'The Field,' consists of the square of [[Pegasus]], and in first millennium Babylonian tradition, perhaps an adjoining smaller square at its side giving the asterism the same shape as the Esagil-temple in Babylon as seen from above.  The Babylonian New Year's Festival celebrates  'The Field' as the star of the New Year, which is appropriate as it is the Ea-star for '''''Nisannu,''''' the first month of the year, and so the first star noted in the 'The Three Stars Each' compendium best known as ''Astrolabe B''.  It is also the month-star and rising-star for Nisan in other sources belonging to this group.

WayneHorowitz at 14:02, 1 June 2026

2026-06-01T14:02:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:02, 1 June 2026
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	For Nisan, and rising and setting star lists in other sources belonging to this group.		For Nisan, and rising and setting star lists in other sources belonging to this group.

	For the Esagil and 'The Field' see Debourse 2022: 244.		For the Esagil and 'The Field' see Debourse 2022: 244-245.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	The sumerogram consists of AŠ ‘1’+ GÁN(A) “field” which also designates the area measure IKU (ca. 60 sqm). A better transliteration would be AŠ.IKU.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN (AN 1l).		The sumerogram consists of AŠ ‘1’+ GÁN(A) “field” which also designates the area measure IKU (ca. 60 sqm). A better transliteration would be AŠ.IKU.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GÁN (AN 1l).

YoulaAzkarrula at 00:52, 16 May 2026

2026-05-16T00:52:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:52, 16 May 2026
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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]