Is le10 - Revision history

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[2] */

2026-07-19T18:08:03Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 19 July 2026
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	'''Cultural Note: ''Is-lê''.''' “Jaw of the Wild Bull”;		'''Cultural Note: ''Is-lê''.''' “Jaw of the Wild Bull”;

	The Jaw of the Wild Bull not attested as a deity outside astronomical contexts, where it corresponds to <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA. Hg (commentary to Hh) explains the name by the synonym ''laḫê alpi'' (MSL 11, 40: 43). Note the spelling ''si le-e'' in Hh (MSL 11, 30 section 10: 3).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		The Jaw of the Wild Bull is not attested as a deity outside astronomical contexts, where it corresponds to <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA. Hg (commentary to Hh) explains the name by the synonym ''laḫê alpi'' (MSL 11, 40: 43). Note the spelling ''si le-e'' in Hh (MSL 11, 30 section 10: 3).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>
	==== Sources and Identification(s) ====		==== Sources and Identification(s) ====
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|-		\|-
	\|"'''''Reports'''''."		\|"'''''Reports'''''."
	See. [SAA 8, 163 r. 1; 503:4]. '''''ccc for more???'''''		See [SAA 8, 163 r. 1; 503:4]. '''''ccc for more???'''''
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	'''<u><sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>-an-na = EN? (m.b. ''si) le-e'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw(?)" [Weidner 1959-60, 112, VAT 9480:20 ((this is the GSL???))</u>''' - if yes, erase in Astrolabes below and use it here???		'''<u><sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>-an-na = EN? (m.b. ''si) le-e'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw(?)" [Weidner 1959-60, 112, VAT 9480:20 ((this is the GSL???))</u>''' - if yes, erase in Astrolabes below and use it here???

	* 7 tikpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>''is li-e'' [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:224].		* 7 ''tikpu''-stars: <sup>mul</sup>''is li-e'' [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:224].
	\|		\|
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	\|"'''''Dodecatemoria'''''".		\|"'''''Dodecatemoria'''''".

	* BM 34452+: [2 3 // 3 9 // ''Sin ina'' x x x x ''is l'']''e-e'' / [....ŠE]Š.UNUG.KI "[Ayyaru 3 // ~~S imanu~~ 9 // Moon in x x x Jaw of the B]ull / [...] Ur." [LBAT, 1586 + 1567; Hunger 1975, 41:17-18].		* BM 34452+: [2 3 // 3 9 // ''Sin ina'' x x x x ''is l'']''e-e'' / [....ŠE]Š.UNUG.KI "[Ayyaru 3 // Simanu 9 // Moon in x x x Jaw of the B]ull / [...] Ur." [LBAT, 1586 + 1567; Hunger 1975, 41:17-18].
	\|Example		\|Example
	\|}		\|}
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	For the mythological significance of the constellation, see (Kurtik g33) [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]].		For the mythological significance of the constellation, see (Kurtik g33) [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]].

	Wishes for the welfare of the Assyrian king: [<sup>mul</sup>''Is'' ''l'']''e-e'' AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' AGA ''be-lu-te li''-˹''pir-ka''˺[…] "['The ~~jaw~~ of the Bu]ll', the ~~tiara~~ of An, with the tiara of dominion ~~may (your head) be crowned~~ [...]!" [Watanabe 1992, 370, K. 6331 r. 1-2].		Wishes for the welfare of the Assyrian king: [<sup>mul</sup>''Is'' ''l'']''e-e'' AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' AGA ''be-lu-te li''-˹''pir-ka''˺[…] "['The Jaw of the Bu]ll', the Tiara of An, may crown you with the tiara of dominion [...]!" [Watanabe 1992, 370, K. 6331 r. 1-2].

	==== Symbol. ====		==== Symbol. ====
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	==== Individual stars. ====		==== Individual stars. ====
	UL ''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-bu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''~~ulis~~ le-e'' "~~Star with~~ the ~~great brilliance from~~ the ~~Jaws~~ of the Bull" (α Tauri ) [Stev. O.T., Pl. XVII:3].		UL ''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-bu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> UL ''is le-e'' "the brilliant star of the Jaw of the Bull" (α Tauri ) [Stev. O.T. = Babyloniaca 7, Pl. XVII:3].

	==== Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====
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	===== Predictions: =====		===== Predictions: =====
	(2) The Bull's Jaw stands all year long; DIŠ ~~mulis~~ le-e kal MU DU-az BE-ma MUL [...] "~~If the~~ Bull's Jaw stands all year long, if the star(s) [...]" [BPO 2, IX 3, X 3]; ~~the protasis of~~ this ~~prediction~~ seems astronomically ~~meaningless~~, for a discussion of the problem see. [3. Erg., 328-329, Anm. 2~~; BPO 2, 18~~].		(2) The Bull's Jaw stands all year long: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e kal'' MU DU-''az'' BE-''ma'' MUL [...] "The Bull's Jaw stands all year long; if the star(s) [...]" [BPO 2, IX 3, X 3]; this statement seems astronomically wrong, for a discussion of the problem see [3. Erg., 328-329, Anm. 2].

	(3) Planet and the Jaw of the Bull; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''bi-ib-bu ana'' <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' TE / LUGAL NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> "If a planet comes close to the Jaw of the Bull: the king of Elam will die" [~~ARAK~~, 503:4-5]; for a parallel see. [TU, 16 r. 44; Largement 1957, 250:85b, 252:105].		(3) Planet and the Jaw of the Bull: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''bi-ib-bu ana'' <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' TE / LUGAL NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> "If a planet comes close to the Jaw of the Bull: the king of Elam will die" [SAA 8, 503:4-5]; for a parallel see [TU 16 r. 44; Largement 1957, 250:85b, 252:105].

	(4) Venus, the Sun's Crown and the Bull's Jaw; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' AGA <sup>d</sup>UTU DU-''iz ana'' <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>''is''] ''le-e'' TE-''ma'' "If Venus stands in the Sun's Crown, (it means): she comes close to the Bull's Jaw." [BPO 3, 58, K. 148+: 21].		(4) Venus, the Sun's Crown and the Bull's Jaw: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' AGA <sup>d</sup>UTU DU-''iz ana'' <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>''is''] ''le-e'' TE-''ma'' "If Venus stands in the Sun's Crown, (it means): she comes close to the Bull's Jaw." [BPO 3, 58, K. 148+: 21].

	(5) The Bull's Jaw and Mercury; DIŠ UD IGI.BAR-˹''ma''˺ ''ma-gal'' SA<sub>5</sub> ''nu-ḫuš'' UN.MEŠ <sup>d</sup>~~GUD~~.UD ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' "If, when you observe at dawn? It (i.e. Mercury) is very red: abundance for people; Mercury stands ~~in the middle of~~ the Bull's Jaw" [BPO 3, 248, K.2346:50].		(5) The Bull's Jaw and Mercury: DIŠ UD IGI.BAR-˹''ma''˺ ''ma-gal'' SA<sub>5</sub> ''nu-ḫuš'' UN.MEŠ <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' "If, when you observe at dawn? and it (i.e. Mercury) is very red: abundance for people; Mercury stands within the Bull's Jaw" [BPO 3, 248, K.2346:50].

	(6) The Moon and the Bull's Jaw; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''iš le-e ina'' MAŠ.QA 30 GUB [...] "If the Bull's Jaw on the Moon's shoulder ~~stands~~ [...] [ACh Suppl. 2, 66:36]; DIŠ ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>''iš le-e'' <sup>d</sup>30 GUB [...] "If the Moon stands in the middle of the Bull's Jaw [...]" [ibid., 66:37].		(6) The Moon and the Bull's Jaw: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''iš le-e ina'' MAŠ.QA 30 GUB [...] "If the Bull's Jaw stands on the Moon's shoulder [...] [ACh Suppl. 2, 66:36]; DIŠ ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>''iš le-e'' <sup>d</sup>30 GUB [...] "If the Moon stands in the middle of the Bull's Jaw [...]" [ibid., 66:37].

	(7) A star of great brilliance in the Bull's Jaw and the Moon; DIŠ UL ''ni-bu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>ul</sup>''is le-e ana'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> 30 <TE<sup>?</sup>> ŠUB.ME KUR.URI<sup>ki</sup> [...] "If a star of ~~great brilliance in~~ the Bull's Jaw to the Moon ~~(approaches)~~: the fall of Akkad [...] [Stev. O.T., Pl. XVII:3].		(7) A star of great brilliance in the Bull's Jaw and the Moon: DIŠ UL ''ni-bu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>ul</sup>''is le-e ana'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> 30 <TE<sup>?</sup>> ŠUB.ME KUR.URI<sup>ki</sup> [...] "If the brilliant star of the Bull's Jaw <enters?> the Moon: the fall of Akkad [...] [Stev. O.T. = Babyloniaca 7, Pl. XVII:3].

	(8) Adad in the middle of the Bull's Jaw; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>IM ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' / GU<sub>3</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> ŠUB-''di'' LUGAL / KUR ''la šu-a-tum'' ŠU-''su'' KUR-''a''[''d''<sub>2</sub>] "If Adad ~~rattles (lit. lends his voice)~~ in the middle of the Bull's Jaw: the king will conquer a country that does not belong to him" [~~ARAK~~, 163 r. 1-3].		(8) Adad in the middle of the Bull's Jaw: DIŠ <sup>d</sup>IM ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' / GU<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ŠUB-''di'' LUGAL / KUR ''la šu-a-tum'' ŠU-''su'' KUR-''a''[''d''<sub>2</sub>] "If Adad thunders in the middle of the Bull's Jaw: the king will conquer a country that does not belong to him" [SAA 8, 163 r. 1-3].

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[2] */

2026-07-19T06:14:40Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:14, 19 July 2026
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
			Variants

			* <sup>d</sup>''is lê''
			* <sup>mul</sup> ''is lê''
			* ''si le-e'' (Hh)

			Synonym

			* ''laḫê alpi''

	'''Cultural Note: ''Is-lê''.''' “Jaw of the Wild Bull”;		'''Cultural Note: ''Is-lê''.''' “Jaw of the Wild Bull”;

Sushoff: /* Additional */

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Additional

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	==== Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	For the mythological significance of the constellation, see (Kurtik g33) [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]]. ~~(1)~~ Wishes for the welfare of the Assyrian king: [<sup>mul</sup>''Is'' ''l'']''e-e'' AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' AGA ''be-lu-te li''-˹''pir-ka''˺[…] "['The jaw of the Bu]ll', the tiara of An, with the tiara of dominion may (your head) be crowned [...]!" [Watanabe 1992, 370, K. 6331 r. 1-2].		For the mythological significance of the constellation, see (Kurtik g33) [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]].

			Wishes for the welfare of the Assyrian king: [<sup>mul</sup>''Is'' ''l'']''e-e'' AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' AGA ''be-lu-te li''-˹''pir-ka''˺[…] "['The jaw of the Bu]ll', the tiara of An, with the tiara of dominion may (your head) be crowned [...]!" [Watanabe 1992, 370, K. 6331 r. 1-2].

	==== Symbol. ====		==== Symbol. ====
	The literal meaning of <sup>mul</sup>''Is lê'' "Jaw of the Bull" fixes the position of the constellation on the figure of the bull. It was probably only the front part of the bull, perhaps only its head, as was the case later in Greek astronomy, see (Kurtik g33) [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]]~~, III~~.		The literal meaning of <sup>mul</sup>''Is lê'' "Jaw of the Bull" fixes the position of the constellation on the figure of the bull. It was probably only the front part of the bull, perhaps only its head, as was the case later in Greek astronomy, see (Kurtik g33) [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]].

	==== Previous Identification(s). ====		==== Previous Identification(s). ====

Sushoff at 06:09, 19 July 2026

2026-07-19T06:09:52Z

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	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul / d</sup>''is lê'' (𒀯𒄑𒇷) is the Akkadian name for an asterism within the Mesopotamian constellation of The Bull of Heaven in [[Taurus]]. The Akkadian term is often equated lexically, at least, with the full Sumerian constellation [[GU4.AN.NA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]] (Kurtik g33). Note that this old constellation covers only half of the modern and classical constellation Taurus, The Bull, and is focussed on the Hyades star cluster and adjacent areas.<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2025). Image Analysis of VAT 7851, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 45-53</ref>		<sup>mul / d</sup>''is lê'' (𒀯𒄑𒇷) is the Akkadian name for an asterism within the Mesopotamian constellation of The Bull of Heaven in [[Taurus]].

			The Akkadian term is often equated lexically, at least, with the full Sumerian constellation [[GU4.AN.NA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]] (Kurtik g33). Note that this old constellation covers only half of the modern and classical constellation Taurus, The Bull, and is focussed on the Hyades star cluster and adjacent areas.<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2025). Image Analysis of VAT 7851, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 45-53</ref>

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	For the mythological significance of the constellation, see (Kurtik g33) [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]]. (1) Wishes for the welfare of the Assyrian king: [<sup>mul</sup>''Is'' ''l'']''e-e'' AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' AGA ''be-lu-te li''-˹''pir-ka''˺[…] "['The jaw of the Bu]ll', the tiara of An, with the tiara of dominion may (your head) be crowned [...]!" [Watanabe 1992, 370, K. 6331 r. 1-2].		For the mythological significance of the constellation, see (Kurtik g33) [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]]. (1) Wishes for the welfare of the Assyrian king: [<sup>mul</sup>''Is'' ''l'']''e-e'' AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' AGA ''be-lu-te li''-˹''pir-ka''˺[…] "['The jaw of the Bu]ll', the tiara of An, with the tiara of dominion may (your head) be crowned [...]!" [Watanabe 1992, 370, K. 6331 r. 1-2].

	==== ~~III.~~ Symbol. ====		==== Symbol. ====
	The literal meaning of <sup>mul</sup>''Is lê'' "Jaw of the Bull" fixes the position of the constellation on the figure of the bull. It was probably only the front part of the bull, perhaps only its head, as was the case later in Greek astronomy, see (Kurtik g33) [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]], III.		The literal meaning of <sup>mul</sup>''Is lê'' "Jaw of the Bull" fixes the position of the constellation on the figure of the bull. It was probably only the front part of the bull, perhaps only its head, as was the case later in Greek astronomy, see (Kurtik g33) [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]], III.

	==== ~~IV.~~ Identification. ====		==== Previous Identification(s). ====
	= Hyades (Hyades) [Weidner 1957-59, 73b].		= Hyades (Hyades) [Weidner 1957-59, 73b].

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	= Hyades [Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C].		= Hyades [Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C].

	==== V. Individual stars. ====		==== Individual stars. ====
	UL ''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-bu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ulis le-e'' "Star with the great brilliance from the Jaws of the Bull" (α Tauri ) [Stev. O.T., Pl. XVII:3].		UL ''ne''<sub>2</sub>''-bu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ulis le-e'' "Star with the great brilliance from the Jaws of the Bull" (α Tauri ) [Stev. O.T., Pl. XVII:3].

	==== ~~VI.~~ Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====

	===== Identifications: =====		===== Identifications: =====

Sushoff: /* Sources and Identification(s) */

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Sources and Identification(s)

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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	''Is-lê''. “Jaw of the Wild Bull”; not attested as a deity outside astronomical contexts, where it corresponds to <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA. Hg (commentary to Hh) explains the name by the synonym ''laḫê alpi'' (MSL 11, 40: 43). Note the spelling ''si le-e'' in Hh (MSL 11, 30 section 10: 3).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		'''Cultural Note: ''Is-lê''.''' “Jaw of the Wild Bull”;

			The Jaw of the Wild Bull not attested as a deity outside astronomical contexts, where it corresponds to <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA. Hg (commentary to Hh) explains the name by the synonym ''laḫê alpi'' (MSL 11, 40: 43). Note the spelling ''si le-e'' in Hh (MSL 11, 30 section 10: 3).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>
	==== Sources and Identification(s) ====		==== Sources and Identification(s) ====
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|'''''Lexical texts'''''.		\|'''''Lexical texts'''''.

	* (1) Series Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is le-e'' [MSL XI, 30, Sect. 10:3, Bloch and Horowitz 2015, 105:273ʹ];		* (1) Series Urra XXII:
	* parallels: <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is l''[''e-e''] [Cavigneaux 1981, 104, 147, col. iv 1], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is le-e'' [Cavigneaux 1979, 132:8], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>-an-na = EN? (m.b. ''si) le-e'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw(?)" [Weidner 1959-60, 112, '''<u>VAT 9480:20 ((this is the GSL???))</u>'''		** <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is le-e'' [MSL XI, 30, Sect. 10:3, Bloch and Horowitz 2015, 105:273ʹ];
	* (2) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gud.an.na = UZU.ME.ZE<sub>2</sub> ''le-e'' = ''la-ḫe-e al-pi'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw" [MSL XI, 40:43], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = MUL ''i[s le-e]'' [SpTU III, 116, Rs. iii 12]. ((check the Urgud citations))::		** parallels:
	* '''(3)''' List of stars K. 11306: ˹mul˺ ''is le-e'' <sup>d</sup>En-lil<sub>2</sub> [CT 26 48:6] - '''what is this???''' .		*** <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is l''[''e-e''] [Cavigneaux 1981, 104, 147, col. iv 1],
			*** <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is le-e'' [Cavigneaux 1979, 132:8],
			*** <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>-an-na = EN? (m.b. ''si) le-e'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw(?)" [Weidner 1959-60, 112, '''<u>VAT 9480:20 ((this is the GSL???))</u>'''
			* (2) Series Ḫg. B VI:
			** <sup>mul</sup>gud.an.na = UZU.ME.ZE<sub>2</sub> ''le-e'' = ''la-ḫe-e al-pi''
			** "Bull of An = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw" [MSL XI, 40:43],
			** <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = MUL ''i[s le-e]'' [SpTU III, 116, Rs. iii 12]. ((check the Urgud citations)):
			* '''(3)''' List of stars K. 11306:
			** ˹mul˺ ''is le-e'' <sup>d</sup>En-lil<sub>2</sub> [CT 26 48:6] - '''what is this???''' .
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''''Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night'''''.		\|'''''Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night'''''.

	* In the seventh place: <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' "Bull's jaw" [KUB IV, 47 r. 44; BPO 2, 2:7; Van der Toorn 1985, 130:44; von Soden 1987, 71; W.R.Mayer, Orientalia ...].		* In the seventh place:
			** <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' "Bull's jaw" [KUB IV, 47 r. 44; BPO 2, 2:7; Van der Toorn 1985, 130:44; von Soden 1987, 71; W.R.Mayer, Orientalia ...].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|'''''MUL.APIN'''''.		\|'''''MUL.APIN'''''.

	* '''(1)''' List of the stars of An (no. 7): <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA <sup>d</sup>''is le-e'' AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "Heavenly Bull, Bull's Jaw, Anu's crown" ~~(I ii 1)~~.		* '''(1)''' List of the stars of An (no. 7), (I ii 1):
	* '''(2)''' List of dates of heliacal risings: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GU<sub>4</sub> UD 20 KAM <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> "On the 20th day of Ayyaru the Bull's Jaw becomes visible" ~~(I ii 39)~~.		** <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA <sup>d</sup>''is le-e'' AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-nim''
	* '''(3)''' Culminations simultaneous with heliacal risings: ina <sup>iti</sup>GU<sub>4</sub> UD 20 KAM ''ki-in-ṣu ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A / ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' IGI-''it'' GABA-''ka'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' KUR-''ḫa'' "On the 20th day of Ayyaru, the knee of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth / stands in the middle of the sky opposite your breast, and the Bull's Jaw rises" ~~(I iv 17-18)~~ [MA, 30, 40, 62].		** "Heavenly Bull, Bull's Jaw, Anu's crown".
			* '''(2)''' List of dates of heliacal risings (I ii 39):
			** ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GU<sub>4</sub> UD 20 KAM <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' IGI.LA<sub>2</sub>
			** "On the 20th day of Ayyaru the Bull's Jaw becomes visible".
			* '''(3)''' Culminations simultaneous with heliacal risings (I iv 17-18):
			** ina <sup>iti</sup>GU<sub>4</sub> UD 20 KAM ''ki-in-ṣu ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A / ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' IGI-''it'' GABA-''ka'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' KUR-''ḫa''
			** "On the 20th day of Ayyaru, the knee of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth / stands in the middle of the sky opposite your breast, and the Bull's Jaw rises" [MA, 30, 40, 62].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
Line 88:		Line 105:
	\|"'''''Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts'''''".		\|"'''''Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts'''''".

	* <sup>mul</sup>''is le''<sub>10</sub> is ~~the standard designation of~~ [[Aldebaran]] (α Tauri), which was among the "normal stars" [AD I-III, passim], see (Kurtik m39) [[MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ\|MUL<sub>2</sub>.ŠID.MEŠ]]. See also [SpTU I, 96:5; SpTU III, 103:16, 17].		* <sup>mul</sup>''is le''<sub>10</sub> is represented by its brightest star, [[Aldebaran]] (α Tauri), which was among the "[[Normal Stars\|normal stars]]" [AD I-III, passim], see (Kurtik m39) [[MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ\|MUL<sub>2</sub>.ŠID.MEŠ]]. See also [SpTU I, 96:5; SpTU III, 103:16, 17].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 05:56, 19 July 2026

2026-07-19T05:56:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:56, 19 July 2026
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	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul / d</sup>''is lê'' (𒀯𒄑𒇷) is the Akkadian name for an asterism within the Mesopotamian constellation of The Bull of Heaven in [[Taurus]]. The Akkadian term is often equated lexically, at least, with the full Sumerian constellation [[GU4.AN.NA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]] (Kurtik g33).		<sup>mul / d</sup>''is lê'' (𒀯𒄑𒇷) is the Akkadian name for an asterism within the Mesopotamian constellation of The Bull of Heaven in [[Taurus]]. The Akkadian term is often equated lexically, at least, with the full Sumerian constellation [[GU4.AN.NA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]] (Kurtik g33). Note that this old constellation covers only half of the modern and classical constellation Taurus, The Bull, and is focussed on the Hyades star cluster and adjacent areas.<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2025). Image Analysis of VAT 7851, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 45-53</ref>

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-07-18T15:00:13Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:00, 18 July 2026
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	* parallels: <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is l''[''e-e''] [Cavigneaux 1981, 104, 147, col. iv 1], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is le-e'' [Cavigneaux 1979, 132:8], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>-an-na = EN? (m.b. ''si) le-e'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw(?)" [Weidner 1959-60, 112, '''<u>VAT 9480:20 ((this is the GSL???))</u>'''		* parallels: <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is l''[''e-e''] [Cavigneaux 1981, 104, 147, col. iv 1], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is le-e'' [Cavigneaux 1979, 132:8], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>-an-na = EN? (m.b. ''si) le-e'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw(?)" [Weidner 1959-60, 112, '''<u>VAT 9480:20 ((this is the GSL???))</u>'''
	* (2) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gud.an.na = UZU.ME.ZE<sub>2</sub> ''le-e'' = ''la-ḫe-e al-pi'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw" [MSL XI, 40:43], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = MUL ''i[s le-e]'' [SpTU III, 116, Rs. iii 12]. ((check the Urgud citations))::		* (2) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gud.an.na = UZU.ME.ZE<sub>2</sub> ''le-e'' = ''la-ḫe-e al-pi'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw" [MSL XI, 40:43], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = MUL ''i[s le-e]'' [SpTU III, 116, Rs. iii 12]. ((check the Urgud citations))::
	* '''(3)''' List of stars of K. 11306: ˹mul˺ ''is le-e'' <sup>d</sup>En-lil<sub>2</sub> [CT 26 48:6] - '''what is this???''' .		* '''(3)''' List of stars K. 11306: ˹mul˺ ''is le-e'' <sup>d</sup>En-lil<sub>2</sub> [CT 26 48:6] - '''what is this???''' .
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''''Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night'''''.		\|'''''Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night'''''.

	* In the seventh place: <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' "Bull's jaw" [KUB IV, 47 r. 44; BPO 2, 2:7; Van der Toorn 1985, 130:44; von Soden 1987, 71].		* In the seventh place: <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' "Bull's jaw" [KUB IV, 47 r. 44; BPO 2, 2:7; Van der Toorn 1985, 130:44; von Soden 1987, 71; W.R.Mayer, Orientalia ...].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''''EAE'''''.		\|'''''EAE'''''.
	See. [BPO 2, IX 3, X 3; BPO 3, K.148+:21, K.2346+:50, BM 37433:6; Largement 1957, 250:85b; SpTU V, 264:4'-5'].		See [BPO 2, IX 3, X 3; BPO 3, K.148+:21, K.2346+:50, BM 37433:6; Largement 1957, 250:85b; SpTU V, 264:4'-5'].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	* '''(1)''' List of the stars of An (no. 7): <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA <sup>d</sup>''is le-e'' AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "Heavenly Bull, Bull's Jaw, Anu's crown" (I ii 1).		* '''(1)''' List of the stars of An (no. 7): <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA <sup>d</sup>''is le-e'' AGA <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' "Heavenly Bull, Bull's Jaw, Anu's crown" (I ii 1).
	* '''(2)''' List of dates of heliacal risings: ina ~~itiGU4~~ UD 20 KAM <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> "On the 20th day of ~~ayar~~ the Bull's Jaw becomes visible" (I ii 39).		* '''(2)''' List of dates of heliacal risings: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GU<sub>4</sub> UD 20 KAM <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> "On the 20th day of Ayyaru the Bull's Jaw becomes visible" (I ii 39).
	* '''(3)''' Culminations simultaneous with heliacal risings: ina <sup>iti</sup>GU<sub>4</sub> UD 20 KAM ''ki-in-ṣu ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>UD.KA.~~DUḪ~~. A / ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' IGI-''it'' GABA-''ka'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' KUR-''ḫa'' "On the 20th day of ~~ayar~~, the knee of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth / stands in the middle of the sky opposite ~~its~~ breast, and the Bull's Jaw rises" (I iv 17-18) [MA, 30, 40, 62].		* '''(3)''' Culminations simultaneous with heliacal risings: ina <sup>iti</sup>GU<sub>4</sub> UD 20 KAM ''ki-in-ṣu ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A / ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' IGI-''it'' GABA-''ka'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' KUR-''ḫa'' "On the 20th day of Ayyaru, the knee of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth / stands in the middle of the sky opposite your breast, and the Bull's Jaw rises" (I iv 17-18) [MA, 30, 40, 62].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|"'''''Reports'''''."		\|"'''''Reports'''''."
	See. [~~ARAK~~, 163 r. 1; 503:4]. '''''ccc for more???'''''		See. [SAA 8, 163 r. 1; 503:4]. '''''ccc for more???'''''
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|"'''''Dodecatemoria'''''".		\|"'''''Dodecatemoria'''''".

	* BM 34452+: [2 3 // 3 9 // Sin ina x x x x is l]e-e / [....ŠE]Š.UNUG.KI "[~~Ayaru~~ 3 // ~~simanu~~ 9 // Moon in x x x ~~Jaws~~ of B]~~yk.~~ / [...] Ur." [LBAT, 1586 + 1567; Hunger 1975, 41:17-18].		* BM 34452+: [2 3 // 3 9 // ''Sin ina'' x x x x ''is l'']''e-e'' / [....ŠE]Š.UNUG.KI "[Ayyaru 3 // S imanu 9 // Moon in x x x Jaw of the B]ull / [...] Ur." [LBAT, 1586 + 1567; Hunger 1975, 41:17-18].
	\|Example		\|Example
	\|}		\|}

HermannHunger at 13:58, 18 July 2026

2026-07-18T13:58:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:58, 18 July 2026
Line 28:		Line 28:
	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul / d</sup>''is lê'' (𒀯𒄑𒇷) is the Akkadian name for an asterism within the Mesopotamian constellation of The Bull of Heaven in [[Taurus]]. The Akkadian term is often equated ~~lexicaly~~, at least, with the full Sumerian constellation [[GU4.AN.NA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]] (Kurtik g33).		<sup>mul / d</sup>''is lê'' (𒀯𒄑𒇷) is the Akkadian name for an asterism within the Mesopotamian constellation of The Bull of Heaven in [[Taurus]]. The Akkadian term is often equated lexically, at least, with the full Sumerian constellation [[GU4.AN.NA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]] (Kurtik g33).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
Line 39:		Line 39:
	\|'''''Lexical texts'''''.		\|'''''Lexical texts'''''.

	* (1) Urra XXII ~~series~~: <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is le-e'' [MSL XI, 30, Sect. 10:3, Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 105:273ʹ];		* (1) Series Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is le-e'' [MSL XI, 30, Sect. 10:3, Bloch and Horowitz 2015, 105:273ʹ];
	* parallels: <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is l''[''e-e''] [Cavigneaux 1981, 104, 147, col. iv 1], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is le-e'' [Cavigneaux 1979, 132:8], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>-an-na = EN? (m.b. ''si) le-e'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw(?)" [Weidner 1959-60, 112, '''<u>VAT 9480:20 ((this is the GSL???))</u>'''		* parallels: <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is l''[''e-e''] [Cavigneaux 1981, 104, 147, col. iv 1], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = ''is le-e'' [Cavigneaux 1979, 132:8], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>-an-na = EN? (m.b. ''si) le-e'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw(?)" [Weidner 1959-60, 112, '''<u>VAT 9480:20 ((this is the GSL???))</u>'''
	* (2) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gud.an.na = UZU.ME.ZE<sub>2</sub> ''le-e'' = ''la-ḫe-e al-pi'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw" [MSL XI, 40:43], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = MUL ''i[s le-e]'' [SpTU III, 116, Rs. iii 12]. ((check the Urgud citations))::		* (2) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gud.an.na = UZU.ME.ZE<sub>2</sub> ''le-e'' = ''la-ḫe-e al-pi'' "Bull of An = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw = Bull's jaw" [MSL XI, 40:43], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.na = MUL ''i[s le-e]'' [SpTU III, 116, Rs. iii 12]. ((check the Urgud citations))::

Sushoff at 11:41, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T11:41:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:41, 5 July 2026
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	\| bordering = Tau		\| bordering = Tau
	\| notes =		\| notes =
			\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul / d</sup>''is lê'' (𒀯𒄑𒇷) is the Akkadian name for an asterism within the Mesopotamian constellation of The Bull of Heaven in [[Taurus]]. The Akkadian term is often equated lexicaly, at least, with the full Sumerian constellation [[GU4.AN.NA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]] (Kurtik g33).		<sup>mul / d</sup>''is lê'' (𒀯𒄑𒇷) is the Akkadian name for an asterism within the Mesopotamian constellation of The Bull of Heaven in [[Taurus]]. The Akkadian term is often equated lexicaly, at least, with the full Sumerian constellation [[GU4.AN.NA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]] (Kurtik g33).

Sushoff at 09:11, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T09:11:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:11, 5 July 2026
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	\| numberbrightstars = 1		\| numberbrightstars = 1
	\| numbernearbystars =		\| numbernearbystars =
	\| brighteststarname = Aldebaran		\| brighteststarname = [[Aldebaran]]
	\| starmagnitude = 0.86		\| starmagnitude = 0.86
	\| neareststarname =		\| neareststarname =