Jian - Revision history

Ericmamajek: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2026-08-30T13:04:50Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:04, 30 August 2026
Line 148:		Line 148:
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "'''Jian'''" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. There are some Chinese celestial records of historical comets that occurred near Jian. Since ξ² Sgr is the determinative star of the constellation, this star was a leading candidate for assigning this name.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "'''Jian'''" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. There are some Chinese celestial records of historical comets that occurred near Jian. Since ξ² Sgr is the determinative star of the constellation, this star was a leading candidate for assigning this name.

	In August 2026, the WGSN adopted the name '''Jian''' for the star designated [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=xi02+Sgr ξ2 Sgr (37 Sgr, HR 7150, HD 175775, HIP 93085, Gaia DR3 4084834822776246272)], a star of apparent V magnitude of 3.51 situated 118 parsecs away. The star is a red giant of spectral type K1III. ~~While~~ [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AJ....129.2420M/abstract Makarov & Kaplan 2005] reported an acceleration in the star's proper motion from Hipparcos data indicative of a companion (at 6.68σ ~~signifiance~~). However, radial velocity measurements from [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A%26A...454..943H/abstract Hekker et al. (2006)] showed only minor variability (without significant trend) at the ~17 m/s rms level, similar to other K giants, and analysis of the motion of the star between Hipparcos and Gaia by [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. (2022)] showed negligible tangential velocity anomaly (110+-182 m/s) over the 25 years between those surveys. Further observations are ~~probably~~ needed to test whether a faint companion is present.		In August 2026, the WGSN adopted the name '''Jian''' for the star designated [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=xi02+Sgr ξ2 Sgr (37 Sgr, HR 7150, HD 175775, HIP 93085, Gaia DR3 4084834822776246272)], a star of apparent V magnitude of 3.51 situated 118 parsecs away. The star is a red giant of spectral type K1III. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AJ....129.2420M/abstract Makarov & Kaplan 2005] reported an acceleration in the star's proper motion from Hipparcos data indicative of a companion (at 6.68σ significance). However, radial velocity measurements from [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A%26A...454..943H/abstract Hekker et al. (2006)] showed only minor variability (without significant trend) at the ~17 m/s rms level, similar to other K giants, and analysis of the motion of the star between Hipparcos and Gaia by [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. (2022)] showed negligible tangential velocity anomaly (110+-182 m/s) over the 25 years between those surveys. Further observations are needed to test whether a faint companion is present.

	==References ==		==References ==

Ericmamajek: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2026-08-30T08:03:09Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:03, 30 August 2026
Line 148:		Line 148:
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "'''Jian'''" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. There are some Chinese celestial records of historical comets that occurred near Jian. Since ξ² Sgr is the determinative star of the constellation, this star was a leading candidate for assigning this name.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "'''Jian'''" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. There are some Chinese celestial records of historical comets that occurred near Jian. Since ξ² Sgr is the determinative star of the constellation, this star was a leading candidate for assigning this name.

	In August 2026, the WGSN adopted the name '''Jian''' for the star designated [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=xi02+Sgr ξ2 Sgr (37 Sgr, HR 7150, HD 175775, HIP 93085, Gaia DR3 4084834822776246272)], a star of apparent V magnitude of 3.51 situated 118 parsecs away. The star is a red giant of spectral type K1III. While [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AJ....129.2420M/abstract Makarov & Kaplan 2005] reported an acceleration in the star's proper motion from Hipparcos data indicative of a companion (at 6.~~68sigma~~ signifiance). However, radial velocity measurements from [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A%26A...454..943H/abstract Hekker et al. (2006)] showed only minor variability (without significant trend) at the ~17 m/s rms level, similar to other K giants, and analysis of the motion of the star between Hipparcos and Gaia by [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. (2022)] showed negligible tangential velocity anomaly (110+-182 m/s) over the 25 years between those surveys. Further observations are probably needed to test whether a faint companion is present.		In August 2026, the WGSN adopted the name '''Jian''' for the star designated [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=xi02+Sgr ξ2 Sgr (37 Sgr, HR 7150, HD 175775, HIP 93085, Gaia DR3 4084834822776246272)], a star of apparent V magnitude of 3.51 situated 118 parsecs away. The star is a red giant of spectral type K1III. While [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AJ....129.2420M/abstract Makarov & Kaplan 2005] reported an acceleration in the star's proper motion from Hipparcos data indicative of a companion (at 6.68σ signifiance). However, radial velocity measurements from [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A%26A...454..943H/abstract Hekker et al. (2006)] showed only minor variability (without significant trend) at the ~17 m/s rms level, similar to other K giants, and analysis of the motion of the star between Hipparcos and Gaia by [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. (2022)] showed negligible tangential velocity anomaly (110+-182 m/s) over the 25 years between those surveys. Further observations are probably needed to test whether a faint companion is present.

	==References ==		==References ==

Ericmamajek: added info on star and WGSN adoption

2026-08-30T08:02:43Z

added info on star and WGSN adoption

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:02, 30 August 2026
Line 146:		Line 146:

	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Jian" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. There are some Chinese celestial records of historical comets that occurred near Jian. Since ~~Xi²~~ Sgr is the determinative star of it, ~~then~~ this name ~~should be applied to Xi² Sgr~~.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "'''Jian'''" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. There are some Chinese celestial records of historical comets that occurred near Jian. Since ξ² Sgr is the determinative star of the constellation, this star was a leading candidate for assigning this name.

	~~Decision~~: ...		In August 2026, the WGSN adopted the name '''Jian''' for the star designated [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=xi02+Sgr ξ2 Sgr (37 Sgr, HR 7150, HD 175775, HIP 93085, Gaia DR3 4084834822776246272)], a star of apparent V magnitude of 3.51 situated 118 parsecs away. The star is a red giant of spectral type K1III. While [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AJ....129.2420M/abstract Makarov & Kaplan 2005] reported an acceleration in the star's proper motion from Hipparcos data indicative of a companion (at 6.68sigma signifiance). However, radial velocity measurements from [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A%26A...454..943H/abstract Hekker et al. (2006)] showed only minor variability (without significant trend) at the ~17 m/s rms level, similar to other K giants, and analysis of the motion of the star between Hipparcos and Gaia by [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. (2022)] showed negligible tangential velocity anomaly (110+-182 m/s) over the 25 years between those surveys. Further observations are probably needed to test whether a faint companion is present.

	==References ==		==References ==

IanRidpath: /* Identification of stars */ Text says that Xi² is the determinative star

2026-08-19T11:16:12Z

Identification of stars: Text says that Xi² is the determinative star

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:16, 19 August 2026
Line 78:		Line 78:
	!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>		!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\|1st		\|1st (determinative)
	\|Xi² Sgr		\|Xi² Sgr
	\|Xi² Sgr		\|Xi² Sgr
Line 105:		Line 105:
	\|Pi Sgr		\|Pi Sgr
	\|-		\|-
	\|4th~~(Determinative)~~		\|4th
	\|d Sgr		\|d Sgr
	\|d Sgr		\|d Sgr

IanRidpath: Typos, capitallization

2026-08-19T11:13:02Z

Typos, capitallization

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:13, 19 August 2026
Line 53:		Line 53:
	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	Jiàn (Erect, 建), also called Jianxing, is a six-star asterism ~~belongs~~ to the Shi tradition and is preserved with a determinative-star coordinate in the Shi star catalogue quoted in the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing''. It lies north of Nandou and corresponds to part of modern [[Sagittarius]]. Modern reconstructions usually take ξ² Sgr as the determinative star and identify the other members with ο Sgr, π Sgr, d Sgr, ρ¹ Sgr, and υ Sgr. It was in existence at least by the 4th century BCE.		Jiàn (Erect, 建), also called Jianxing, is a six-star asterism belonging to the Shi tradition and is preserved with a determinative-star coordinate in the Shi star catalogue quoted in the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing''. It lies north of Nandou and corresponds to part of modern [[Sagittarius]]. Modern reconstructions usually take ξ² Sgr as the determinative star and identify the other members with ο Sgr, π Sgr, d Sgr, ρ¹ Sgr, and υ Sgr. It was in existence at least by the 4th century BCE.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
	'''Etymology:''' The primary meaning of ''jian'' 建 is “to set up” or “to erect,” as in raising a wooden pole or a flagstaff. It was later extended to mean “to establish,” “to ~~institute~~,” or “to ~~construct~~.”		'''Etymology:''' The primary meaning of ''jian'' 建 is “to set up” or “to erect", as in raising a wooden pole or a flagstaff. It was later extended to mean “to establish", “to institute”, or “to construct”.

	'''Lunar Mansion/ ~~WInter~~ Solstice.''' During the Warring States, Qin, and Han periods, Jian was used in one tradition as the eighth of the Twenty-Eight Lodges. At the same time, there also existed a parallel system in which this position was occupied by Dou 斗, and it was this latter system that gradually became the more widely accepted one in later periods. Since the region of Jian was regarded as the place where the Sun was located at the winter solstice, and since the winter solstice served as a crucial starting point for astronomical computation, Jian acquired special calendrical significance. It was therefore described as “the gate through which yin and yang begin and end” and as “the origin of the harmonic (which corresponds closed to calendar) and the calendar.”		'''Lunar Mansion/Winter Solstice.''' During the Warring States, Qin, and Han periods, Jian was used in one tradition as the eighth of the Twenty-Eight Lodges. At the same time, there also existed a parallel system in which this position was occupied by Dou 斗, and it was this latter system that gradually became the more widely accepted one in later periods. Since the region of Jian was regarded as the place where the Sun was located at the winter solstice, and since the winter solstice served as a crucial starting point for astronomical computation, Jian acquired special calendrical significance. It was therefore described as “the gate through which yin and yang begin and end” and as “the origin of the harmonic (which corresponds closed to calendar) and the calendar.”

	Because Jian lies close to the ecliptic, the space between Nandou and Jian was understood as a route along which the Sun, Moon, and Five Planets travelled. For this reason, Jian was also known by such names as “Celestial Pass” (''Tianguan'' 天关) or “the metropolitan pass of Heaven” (''tian zhi duguan'' 天之都关).<ref>''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', j. 65</ref> A ''guan'' 关 was both a node of movement and a point of frontier control; consequently, Jian further came to evoke the symbolic world of flags, drums, and horses—objects associated with military mobilization and command. Its alternative name “Celestial Flag” (''Tianqi'' 天旗) may also be related to the original sense of ''jian'' as “raising” or “setting up” a banner. In sum, because of its long history and its important celestial position, Jian accumulated a rich range of meanings. The convergence and layering of these cultural associations transformed it into a highly conceptual asterism, one that brought together celestial location, planetary motion, calendrical beginnings, routes of passage, and the military-administrative order of the state. It may thus be understood as a symbol of order combining calendrical, transit, and politico-military meanings.		Because Jian lies close to the ecliptic, the space between Nandou and Jian was understood as a route along which the Sun, Moon, and Five Planets travelled. For this reason, Jian was also known by such names as “Celestial Pass” (''Tianguan'' 天关) or “the metropolitan pass of Heaven” (''tian zhi duguan'' 天之都关).<ref>''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', j. 65</ref> A ''guan'' 关 was both a node of movement and a point of frontier control; consequently, Jian further came to evoke the symbolic world of flags, drums, and horses—objects associated with military mobilization and command. Its alternative name “Celestial Flag” (''Tianqi'' 天旗) may also be related to the original sense of ''jian'' as “raising” or “setting up” a banner. In sum, because of its long history and its important celestial position, Jian accumulated a rich range of meanings. The convergence and layering of these cultural associations transformed it into a highly conceptual asterism, one that brought together celestial location, planetary motion, calendrical beginnings, routes of passage, and the military-administrative order of the state. It may thus be understood as a symbol of order combining calendrical, transit, and politico-military meanings.
Line 69:		Line 69:
	The modern identification of the six stars of Jian is relatively stable.		The modern identification of the six stars of Jian is relatively stable.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Star Names or Orders(Qing)		!Star Names or Orders (Qing)
	!Han Dynasty (SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>)		!Han Dynasty (SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>)
	!3rd to 6th Century (Boshun Yang<ref name=":12">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023).</ref>)		!3rd to 6th Century (Boshun Yang<ref name=":12">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023).</ref>)
Line 79:		Line 79:
	\|-		\|-
	\|1st		\|1st
	\|~~xi²~~ Sgr		\|Xi² Sgr
	\|~~xi²~~ Sgr		\|Xi² Sgr
	\|~~xi²~~ Sgr		\|Xi² Sgr
	\|~~xi²~~ Sgr		\|Xi² Sgr
	\|~~xi²~~ Sgr		\|Xi² Sgr
	\|~~xi²~~ Sgr		\|Xi² Sgr
	\|~~xi²~~ Sgr		\|Xi² Sgr
	\|-		\|-
	\|2nd		\|2nd
	\|~~omi~~ Sgr		\|Omi Sgr
	\|~~omi~~ Sgr		\|Omi Sgr
	\|~~omi~~ Sgr		\|Omi Sgr
	\|~~omi~~ Sgr		\|Omi Sgr
	\|~~omi~~ Sgr		\|Omi Sgr
	\|~~omi~~ Sgr		\|Omi Sgr
	\|~~omi~~ Sgr		\|Omi Sgr
	\|-		\|-
	\|3rd		\|3rd
	\|pi Sgr		\|Pi Sgr
	\|pi Sgr		\|Pi Sgr
	\|pi Sgr		\|Pi Sgr
	\|pi Sgr		\|Pi Sgr
	\|pi Sgr		\|Pi Sgr
	\|pi Sgr		\|Pi Sgr
	\|pi Sgr		\|Pi Sgr
	\|-		\|-
	\|4th(Determinative)		\|4th(Determinative)
Line 115:		Line 115:
	\|-		\|-
	\|5th		\|5th
	\|~~rho¹~~ Sgr		\|Rho¹ Sgr
	\|~~rho¹~~ Sgr		\|Rho¹ Sgr
	\|~~rho¹~~ Sgr		\|Rho¹ Sgr
	\|~~rho¹~~ Sgr		\|Rho¹ Sgr
	\|~~rho¹~~ Sgr		\|Rho¹ Sgr
	\|~~rho¹~~ Sgr		\|Rho¹ Sgr
	\|~~rho¹~~ Sgr		\|Rho¹ Sgr
	\|-		\|-
	\|6th		\|6th
	\|~~ups~~ Sgr		\|Ups Sgr
	\|~~ups~~ Sgr		\|Ups Sgr
	\|~~ups~~ Sgr		\|Ups Sgr
	\|~~ups~~ Sgr		\|Ups Sgr
	\|~~ups~~ Sgr		\|Ups Sgr
	\|~~ups~~ Sgr		\|Ups Sgr
	\|~~ups~~ Sgr		\|Ups Sgr
	\|}		\|}

Line 146:		Line 146:

	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Jian" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. There are some Chinese celestial records of historical comets that occurred near Jian. Since ~~xi²~~ Sgr is the determinative star of it, then this name should be applied to ~~xi²~~ Sgr.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Jian" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. There are some Chinese celestial records of historical comets that occurred near Jian. Since Xi² Sgr is the determinative star of it, then this name should be applied to Xi² Sgr.

	Decision: ...		Decision: ...

ASEtech: infobox

2026-08-19T07:06:07Z

infobox

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
 ----
 [[File:Jianxing in Stellarium.jpg|thumb|'''''Jian'' in Stellarium''']]
 {{Infobox constellation

Sushoff at 12:19, 16 August 2026

2026-08-16T12:19:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:19, 16 August 2026
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	[[Category:Chinese ]]		[[Category:Chinese ]]
	[[Category:Sgr]]		[[Category:Sgr]]
	[[Category:Star Name]]		[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]

Sushoff at 17:47, 10 August 2026

2026-08-10T17:47:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:47, 10 August 2026
Line 28:		Line 28:
	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	Jiàn (Erect, 建), also called Jianxing, is a six-star asterism belongs to the Shi tradition and is preserved with a determinative-star coordinate in the Shi star catalogue quoted in the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing''. It lies north of Nandou and corresponds to part of modern [[Sagittarius]]. Modern reconstructions usually take ξ² Sgr as the determinative star and identify the other members with ο Sgr, π Sgr, d Sgr, ρ¹ Sgr, and υ Sgr. It was in existence at least by the 4th century BC.		Jiàn (Erect, 建), also called Jianxing, is a six-star asterism belongs to the Shi tradition and is preserved with a determinative-star coordinate in the Shi star catalogue quoted in the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing''. It lies north of Nandou and corresponds to part of modern [[Sagittarius]]. Modern reconstructions usually take ξ² Sgr as the determinative star and identify the other members with ο Sgr, π Sgr, d Sgr, ρ¹ Sgr, and υ Sgr. It was in existence at least by the 4th century BCE.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==

HaochengLyu: Small fix

2026-07-16T03:23:32Z

Small fix

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:23, 16 July 2026
Line 42:		Line 42:

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===
	The modern identification of the six stars of ~~Nandou~~ is relatively stable.		The modern identification of the six stars of Jian is relatively stable.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Star Names or Orders(Qing)		!Star Names or Orders(Qing)

Sushoff at 11:32, 15 July 2026

2026-07-15T11:32:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:32, 15 July 2026
Line 28:		Line 28:
	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	Jiàn (Erect, 建), also called Jianxing, is a six-star asterism belongs to the Shi tradition and is preserved with a determinative-star coordinate in the Shi star catalogue quoted in the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing''. It lies north of Nandou and corresponds to part of modern Sagittarius. Modern reconstructions usually take ξ² Sgr as the determinative star and identify the other members with ο Sgr, π Sgr, d Sgr, ρ¹ Sgr, and υ Sgr. It was in existence at least by the 4th century BC.		Jiàn (Erect, 建), also called Jianxing, is a six-star asterism belongs to the Shi tradition and is preserved with a determinative-star coordinate in the Shi star catalogue quoted in the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing''. It lies north of Nandou and corresponds to part of modern [[Sagittarius]]. Modern reconstructions usually take ξ² Sgr as the determinative star and identify the other members with ο Sgr, π Sgr, d Sgr, ρ¹ Sgr, and υ Sgr. It was in existence at least by the 4th century BC.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
	The primary meaning of ''jian'' 建 is “to set up” or “to erect,” as in raising a wooden pole or a flagstaff. It was later extended to mean “to establish,” “to institute,” or “to construct.” During the Warring States, Qin, and Han periods, Jian was used in one tradition as the eighth of the Twenty-Eight Lodges. At the same time, there also existed a parallel system in which this position was occupied by Dou 斗, and it was this latter system that gradually became the more widely accepted one in later periods. Since the region of Jian was regarded as the place where the Sun was located at the winter solstice, and since the winter solstice served as a crucial starting point for astronomical computation, Jian acquired special calendrical significance. It was therefore described as “the gate through which yin and yang begin and end” and as “the origin of the harmonic(which ~~correspond~~ closed to calendar) and the calendar.” Because Jian lies close to the ecliptic, the space between Nandou and Jian was understood as a route along which the Sun, Moon, and Five Planets travelled. For this reason, Jian was also known by such names as “Celestial Pass” (''Tianguan'' 天关) or “the metropolitan pass of Heaven” (''tian zhi duguan'' 天之都关).<ref>''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', j. 65</ref> A ''guan'' 关 was both a node of movement and a point of frontier control; consequently, Jian further came to evoke the symbolic world of flags, drums, and horses—objects associated with military mobilization and command. Its alternative name “Celestial Flag” (''Tianqi'' 天旗) may also be related to the original sense of ''jian'' as “raising” or “setting up” a banner. In sum, because of its long history and its important celestial position, Jian accumulated a rich range of meanings. The convergence and layering of these cultural associations transformed it into a highly conceptual asterism, one that brought together celestial location, planetary motion, calendrical beginnings, routes of passage, and the military-administrative order of the state. It may thus be understood as a symbol of order combining calendrical, transit, and politico-military meanings.		'''Etymology:''' The primary meaning of ''jian'' 建 is “to set up” or “to erect,” as in raising a wooden pole or a flagstaff. It was later extended to mean “to establish,” “to institute,” or “to construct.”

			'''Lunar Mansion/ WInter Solstice.''' During the Warring States, Qin, and Han periods, Jian was used in one tradition as the eighth of the Twenty-Eight Lodges. At the same time, there also existed a parallel system in which this position was occupied by Dou 斗, and it was this latter system that gradually became the more widely accepted one in later periods. Since the region of Jian was regarded as the place where the Sun was located at the winter solstice, and since the winter solstice served as a crucial starting point for astronomical computation, Jian acquired special calendrical significance. It was therefore described as “the gate through which yin and yang begin and end” and as “the origin of the harmonic (which corresponds closed to calendar) and the calendar.”

			Because Jian lies close to the ecliptic, the space between Nandou and Jian was understood as a route along which the Sun, Moon, and Five Planets travelled. For this reason, Jian was also known by such names as “Celestial Pass” (''Tianguan'' 天关) or “the metropolitan pass of Heaven” (''tian zhi duguan'' 天之都关).<ref>''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', j. 65</ref> A ''guan'' 关 was both a node of movement and a point of frontier control; consequently, Jian further came to evoke the symbolic world of flags, drums, and horses—objects associated with military mobilization and command. Its alternative name “Celestial Flag” (''Tianqi'' 天旗) may also be related to the original sense of ''jian'' as “raising” or “setting up” a banner. In sum, because of its long history and its important celestial position, Jian accumulated a rich range of meanings. The convergence and layering of these cultural associations transformed it into a highly conceptual asterism, one that brought together celestial location, planetary motion, calendrical beginnings, routes of passage, and the military-administrative order of the state. It may thus be understood as a symbol of order combining calendrical, transit, and politico-military meanings.

	Jian also acquired other extended meanings. The ''Tianwen zhi'' of the ''Sui shu'' and the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'' preserve an interpretation of its six-star structure: the two southern stars are the Celestial Storehouse; the two central stars are the Market, or alternatively the axe and execution block; and the two upper stars are the Flag. The statement in the ''Shiwei: Yadu lan'' 詩緯·雅度覽, “When the Jian stars move, labor will not cease,” clearly draws on another extended meaning of ''jian'', namely “to build” or “to undertake construction.”<ref>''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', j. 65</ref> This illustrates a common feature of astrological texts: the same asterism did not correspond to a single fixed object, but could carry several related and mutually transformable layers of meaning in different textual and divinatory contexts.		Jian also acquired other extended meanings. The ''Tianwen zhi'' of the ''Sui shu'' and the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'' preserve an interpretation of its six-star structure: the two southern stars are the Celestial Storehouse; the two central stars are the Market, or alternatively the axe and execution block; and the two upper stars are the Flag. The statement in the ''Shiwei: Yadu lan'' 詩緯·雅度覽, “When the Jian stars move, labor will not cease,” clearly draws on another extended meaning of ''jian'', namely “to build” or “to undertake construction.”<ref>''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', j. 65</ref> This illustrates a common feature of astrological texts: the same asterism did not correspond to a single fixed object, but could carry several related and mutually transformable layers of meaning in different textual and divinatory contexts.