Kui - Revision history

IanRidpath: Copyedit, including typos

2026-02-20T23:21:14Z

Copyedit, including typos

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:21, 20 February 2026
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	===Identification of Stars===		===Identification of Stars===
	[[File:Kui recunstructed by Yang.jpg\|thumb\|Kui ~~recunstructed~~ by Yang]]		[[File:Kui recunstructed by Yang.jpg\|thumb\|Kui reconstructed by Yang]]
	[[File:Kui stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Kui stickfigure (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour and Susanne M Hoffmann for IAU-WGSN).]]		[[File:Kui stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Kui stickfigure (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour and Susanne M Hoffmann for IAU-WGSN).]]
	The constituent stars of Kui should have rarely changed before the introduction of European astronomy in the Ming Dynasty. The previous scholars' reconstructions are similar, but there is a common oversight: M31 has not been considered as a member star of Kui. In fact, as an obvious celestial object near Kui, M31 is almost impossible to be ignored by the diligent ancient Chinese observers; they observed with the naked eye and could not realize the essential difference between galaxies and ordinary stars, so they regarded M31 as a star of Kui. In the star catalogue observed in the 1360s, M31 was listed as one of the member stars of Kui. In the map of the ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'' that existed before the 7th century AD, there are two stars that are larger than the other stars, representing Beta And and Delta And respectively. The 3rd star counting up from the Beta star is Nu And, which used to be regarded as the "head star"; but the 4th star is the head star of Kui in the map, which is obviously M31. We can even find earlier evidence. The ancient Chinese astrological scholar Xi Meng in the Han Dynasty mentioned that the head star of Kui is a "big star"<ref name=":1" />, while the brightness of nu And is not sufficient to be called a "big star". Only M31 can ~~fulfill~~ this description. In fact, many ~~famous~~ Chinese star maps have recorded M31 as a ~~memeber in~~ this constellation.<ref>[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/647383148] Guanjinyaoyue. Have the Chinese ancients observed the M31?</ref>		The constituent stars of Kui should have rarely changed before the introduction of European astronomy in the Ming Dynasty. The previous scholars' reconstructions are similar, but there is a common oversight: M31 has not been considered as a member star of Kui. In fact, as an obvious celestial object near Kui, M31 is almost impossible to be ignored by the diligent ancient Chinese observers; they observed with the naked eye and could not realize the essential difference between galaxies and ordinary stars, so they regarded M31 as a star of Kui. In the star catalogue observed in the 1360s, M31 was listed as one of the member stars of Kui. In the map of the ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'' that existed before the 7th century AD, there are two stars that are larger than the other stars, representing Beta And and Delta And respectively. The 3rd star counting up from the Beta star is Nu And, which used to be regarded as the "head star"; but the 4th star is the head star of Kui in the map, which is obviously M31. We can even find earlier evidence. The ancient Chinese astrological scholar Xi Meng in the Han Dynasty mentioned that the head star of Kui is a "big star"<ref name=":1" />, while the brightness of Nu And is not sufficient to be called a "big star". Only M31 can fulfil this description. In fact, many Chinese star maps have recorded M31 as a member of this constellation.<ref>[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/647383148] Guanjinyaoyue. Have the Chinese ancients observed the M31?</ref>

	The determinative star was Zeta And before Ming Dynasty, and should be regarded as the first star. In the observation held in Qing dynasty, ~~Jesuits~~ astronomers put Eta And as the first star.		The determinative star was Zeta And before the Ming Dynasty, and should be regarded as the first star. In the observation held in Qing dynasty, Jesuit astronomers put Eta And as the first star.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! Star Names or Orders(Qing)		! Star Names or Orders(Qing)

Sushoff at 15:24, 28 January 2026

2026-01-28T15:24:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:24, 28 January 2026
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	[[Category:Constellation‏‎]]		[[Category:Constellation‏‎]]
	[[Category:And]][[Category:Psc]]		[[Category:And]][[Category:Psc]]
			[[Category:Zodiac]]
	[[Category:IAU-Star Name‏‎]]		[[Category:IAU-Star Name‏‎]]

Sushoff at 06:12, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T06:12:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:12, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kui (奎)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kui (奎)}}
			Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Kui stellarium songDynasty.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Kui - constellation and Lunar Mansion (LM) derived from a Song Dynasty map, image created with Stellarium, sky culture prepared by Sun Shuwei.]]		[[File:Kui stellarium songDynasty.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Kui - constellation and Lunar Mansion (LM) derived from a Song Dynasty map, image created with Stellarium, sky culture prepared by Sun Shuwei.]]
	[[File:Kui profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Kui profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour and Susanne M Hoffmann for IAU-WGSN).]]		[[File:Kui profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Kui profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour and Susanne M Hoffmann for IAU-WGSN).]]

Sushoff at 07:25, 29 November 2025

2025-11-29T07:25:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:25, 29 November 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kui (奎)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kui (奎)}}
	[[File:Kui stellarium songDynasty.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Kui - constellation and Lunar Mansion (LM) derived from a Song Dynasty map, image created with Stellarium, sky culture prepared by Sun Shuwei.]]		[[File:Kui stellarium songDynasty.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Kui - constellation and Lunar Mansion (LM) derived from a Song Dynasty map, image created with Stellarium, sky culture prepared by Sun Shuwei.]]
			[[File:Kui profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Kui profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour and Susanne M Hoffmann for IAU-WGSN).]]
	Kui奎, Legs, is an ancient Chinese constellation with 16 stars, belonging to the 28 Lunar Mansions in China, with a very long history. It is roughly located between [[Andromeda]] and [[Pisces]].		Kui奎, Legs, is an ancient Chinese constellation with 16 stars, belonging to the 28 Lunar Mansions in China, with a very long history. It is roughly located between [[Andromeda]] and [[Pisces]].

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	===Identification of Stars===		===Identification of Stars===
	[[File:Kui recunstructed by Yang.jpg\|thumb\|Kui recunstructed by Yang]]		[[File:Kui recunstructed by Yang.jpg\|thumb\|Kui recunstructed by Yang]]
			[[File:Kui stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Kui stickfigure (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour and Susanne M Hoffmann for IAU-WGSN).]]
	The constituent stars of Kui should have rarely changed before the introduction of European astronomy in the Ming Dynasty. The previous scholars' reconstructions are similar, but there is a common oversight: M31 has not been considered as a member star of Kui. In fact, as an obvious celestial object near Kui, M31 is almost impossible to be ignored by the diligent ancient Chinese observers; they observed with the naked eye and could not realize the essential difference between galaxies and ordinary stars, so they regarded M31 as a star of Kui. In the star catalogue observed in the 1360s, M31 was listed as one of the member stars of Kui. In the map of the ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'' that existed before the 7th century AD, there are two stars that are larger than the other stars, representing Beta And and Delta And respectively. The 3rd star counting up from the Beta star is Nu And, which used to be regarded as the "head star"; but the 4th star is the head star of Kui in the map, which is obviously M31. We can even find earlier evidence. The ancient Chinese astrological scholar Xi Meng in the Han Dynasty mentioned that the head star of Kui is a "big star"<ref name=":1" />, while the brightness of nu And is not sufficient to be called a "big star". Only M31 can fulfill this description. In fact, many famous Chinese star maps have recorded M31 as a memeber in this constellation.<ref>[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/647383148] Guanjinyaoyue. Have the Chinese ancients observed the M31?</ref>		The constituent stars of Kui should have rarely changed before the introduction of European astronomy in the Ming Dynasty. The previous scholars' reconstructions are similar, but there is a common oversight: M31 has not been considered as a member star of Kui. In fact, as an obvious celestial object near Kui, M31 is almost impossible to be ignored by the diligent ancient Chinese observers; they observed with the naked eye and could not realize the essential difference between galaxies and ordinary stars, so they regarded M31 as a star of Kui. In the star catalogue observed in the 1360s, M31 was listed as one of the member stars of Kui. In the map of the ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'' that existed before the 7th century AD, there are two stars that are larger than the other stars, representing Beta And and Delta And respectively. The 3rd star counting up from the Beta star is Nu And, which used to be regarded as the "head star"; but the 4th star is the head star of Kui in the map, which is obviously M31. We can even find earlier evidence. The ancient Chinese astrological scholar Xi Meng in the Han Dynasty mentioned that the head star of Kui is a "big star"<ref name=":1" />, while the brightness of nu And is not sufficient to be called a "big star". Only M31 can fulfill this description. In fact, many famous Chinese star maps have recorded M31 as a memeber in this constellation.<ref>[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/647383148] Guanjinyaoyue. Have the Chinese ancients observed the M31?</ref>

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	"[[Shimu\|Tian Shi Mu]]", The Eye of the Celestial Pig, is the oldest preserved name for the star ζ And in China. Later, this region was named Kui, the Legs, and ζ And was (in historical times before Qing Dynasty) used as the determinative star of this constellation and lunar mansion. Because of the popularity of the constellation Kui, WGSN decided to adopt the name "Kui" for η And ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=eta+And&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]).		"[[Shimu\|Tian Shi Mu]]", The Eye of the Celestial Pig, is the oldest preserved name for the star ζ And in China. Later, this region was named Kui, the Legs, and ζ And was (in historical times before Qing Dynasty) used as the determinative star of this constellation and lunar mansion. Because of the popularity of the constellation Kui, WGSN decided to adopt the name "Kui" for η And ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=eta+And&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]).

	The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2025/04/06.		The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2025/04/06. <gallery>
			File:Kui profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg
			File:Kui stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg
			</gallery>

	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

Sushoff at 10:43, 18 November 2025

2025-11-18T10:43:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:43, 18 November 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kui (奎)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kui (奎)}}
	[[File:Kui stellarium songDynasty.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Kui - constellation and Lunar Mansion (LM) derived from a Song Dynasty map, image created with Stellarium, sky culture prepared by Sun Shuwei.]]		[[File:Kui stellarium songDynasty.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Kui - constellation and Lunar Mansion (LM) derived from a Song Dynasty map, image created with Stellarium, sky culture prepared by Sun Shuwei.]]
	Kui奎 is an ancient Chinese constellation with 16 stars, belonging to the 28 Lunar Mansions in China, with a very long history. It is roughly located between [[Andromeda]] and [[Pisces]].		Kui奎, Legs, is an ancient Chinese constellation with 16 stars, belonging to the 28 Lunar Mansions in China, with a very long history. It is roughly located between [[Andromeda]] and [[Pisces]].


			"Kui" (奎) is also the modern IAU-star name for η And.
	== Etymology and History==		== Etymology and History==
	There are actually three meanings of the constellation name: a) the oldest, Neolithic, name of the constellation was "Tianshi天豕" (Heavenly Pig). The later lunar mansion was called Kui奎 which is explained b) in the Eastern Han-time as "the void between two thighs" and c) in Southern Tang time: "the shape of two thighs joining".		There are actually three meanings of the constellation name: a) the oldest, Neolithic, name of the constellation was "Tianshi天豕" (Heavenly Pig). The later lunar mansion was called Kui奎 which is explained b) in the Eastern Han-time as "the void between two thighs" and c) in Southern Tang time: "the shape of two thighs joining".

IanRidpath: /* Identification of Stars */ Initial caps for Greek letters; corrected typos

2025-06-17T09:49:54Z

Identification of Stars: Initial caps for Greek letters; corrected typos

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:49, 17 June 2025
Line 16:		Line 16:
	===Identification of Stars===		===Identification of Stars===
	[[File:Kui recunstructed by Yang.jpg\|thumb\|Kui recunstructed by Yang]]		[[File:Kui recunstructed by Yang.jpg\|thumb\|Kui recunstructed by Yang]]
	The constituent stars of Kui should have rarely changed before the introduction of European astronomy in the Ming Dynasty. The previous scholars' reconstructions are similar, but there is a common oversight: M31 has not been considered as a member star of Kui. In fact, as an obvious celestial object near Kui, M31 is almost impossible to be ignored by the diligent ancient Chinese observers; they observed with the naked eye and could not realize the essential difference between galaxies and ordinary stars, so they regarded M31 as a star of Kui. In the star catalogue observed in the 1360s, M31 was listed as one of the member stars of Kui. In the map of the ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'' that existed before the 7th century AD, there are two stars that are larger than the other stars, representing ~~beta~~ And and ~~delta~~ And respectively. The 3rd star counting up from the Beta star is nu And, which used to be regarded as the "head star"; but the 4th star is the head star of Kui in the map, which is obviously M31. We can even find earlier evidence. The ancient Chinese astrological scholar Xi Meng in the Han Dynasty mentioned that the head star of Kui is a "big star"<ref name=":1" />, while the brightness of nu And is not sufficient to be called a "big star". Only M31 can fulfill this description. In fact, many famous Chinese star maps have recorded M31 as a memeber in this constellation.<ref>[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/647383148] Guanjinyaoyue. Have the Chinese ~~antients~~ observed the M31?</ref>		The constituent stars of Kui should have rarely changed before the introduction of European astronomy in the Ming Dynasty. The previous scholars' reconstructions are similar, but there is a common oversight: M31 has not been considered as a member star of Kui. In fact, as an obvious celestial object near Kui, M31 is almost impossible to be ignored by the diligent ancient Chinese observers; they observed with the naked eye and could not realize the essential difference between galaxies and ordinary stars, so they regarded M31 as a star of Kui. In the star catalogue observed in the 1360s, M31 was listed as one of the member stars of Kui. In the map of the ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'' that existed before the 7th century AD, there are two stars that are larger than the other stars, representing Beta And and Delta And respectively. The 3rd star counting up from the Beta star is Nu And, which used to be regarded as the "head star"; but the 4th star is the head star of Kui in the map, which is obviously M31. We can even find earlier evidence. The ancient Chinese astrological scholar Xi Meng in the Han Dynasty mentioned that the head star of Kui is a "big star"<ref name=":1" />, while the brightness of nu And is not sufficient to be called a "big star". Only M31 can fulfill this description. In fact, many famous Chinese star maps have recorded M31 as a memeber in this constellation.<ref>[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/647383148] Guanjinyaoyue. Have the Chinese ancients observed the M31?</ref>

	The determinative star was ~~zeta~~ And before Ming Dynasty, and should be ~~regerded~~ as the first star. In the observation held in Qing dynasty, Jesuits astronomers put ~~the eta~~ And as the first star.		The determinative star was Zeta And before Ming Dynasty, and should be regarded as the first star. In the observation held in Qing dynasty, Jesuits astronomers put Eta And as the first star.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! Star Names or Orders(Qing)		! Star Names or Orders(Qing)

Sushoff at 11:27, 18 May 2025

2025-05-18T11:27:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:27, 18 May 2025
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	[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:East Asian]][[Category:Chinese]]		[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:East Asian]][[Category:Chinese]]
			[[Category:Asterism]]
			[[Category:Constellation‏‎]]
	[[Category:And]][[Category:Psc]]		[[Category:And]][[Category:Psc]]
	[[Category:IAU-Star Name‏‎]]		[[Category:IAU-Star Name‏‎]]

Sushoff at 11:26, 18 May 2025

2025-05-18T11:26:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:26, 18 May 2025
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	== IAU ~~WGSN~~ ==		==IAU Working Group on Star Names==
	It has been suggested in 2023 to name the V=4.06 mag-star ζ And [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=zet+And] "Kui" because it represented the Chinese lunar mansions; the lunar mansions stride from Shi Shen, from 3rd Century BCE. The astronomers in Qing dynasty identified "η And" as 1st star, but "ζ And" (the 2nd one in Qing Dynasty) was typically taken as determinative star, cf. also Pan Nai 1989, Burgess 1860, Stephenson 1994, 1997, Sun 1993, Sun 1997, van Dalen 2000. Note that ζ And is brighter (V=4.06 mag) than η And (V=4.40 mag).		It has been suggested in 2023 to name the V=4.06 mag-star ζ And [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=zet+And] "Kui" because it represented the Chinese lunar mansions; the lunar mansions stride from Shi Shen, from 3rd Century BCE. The astronomers in Qing dynasty identified "η And" as 1st star, but "ζ And" (the 2nd one in Qing Dynasty) was typically taken as determinative star, cf. also Pan Nai 1989, Burgess 1860, Stephenson 1994, 1997, Sun 1993, Sun 1997, van Dalen 2000. Note that ζ And is brighter (V=4.06 mag) than η And (V=4.40 mag).

	"[[Shimu\|Tian Shi Mu]]", The Eye of the Celestial Pig, is the oldest preserved name for the star ζ And in China. Later, this region was named Kui, the Legs, and ζ And was (in historical times before Qing Dynasty) used as the determinative star of this constellation and lunar mansion. Because of the popularity of the constellation Kui, WGSN decided to adopt the name "Kui" for η And ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=eta+And&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]).		"[[Shimu\|Tian Shi Mu]]", The Eye of the Celestial Pig, is the oldest preserved name for the star ζ And in China. Later, this region was named Kui, the Legs, and ζ And was (in historical times before Qing Dynasty) used as the determinative star of this constellation and lunar mansion. Because of the popularity of the constellation Kui, WGSN decided to adopt the name "Kui" for η And ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=eta+And&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]).

	== Reference ==		The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2025/04/06.

			==Weblinks==
			* Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/

			==Reference==
			*[[References\|References (general)]]
	<references />		<references />

Sushoff at 17:40, 6 April 2025

2025-04-06T17:40:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:40, 6 April 2025
Line 177:		Line 177:
	[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:East Asian]][[Category:Chinese]]		[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:East Asian]][[Category:Chinese]]
	[[Category:And]][[Category:Psc]]		[[Category:And]][[Category:Psc]]
			[[Category:IAU-Star Name‏‎]]

Sushoff: /* Star Maps */

2025-04-06T16:42:34Z

Star Maps

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:42, 6 April 2025
Line 170:		Line 170:
	It has been suggested in 2023 to name the V=4.06 mag-star ζ And [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=zet+And] "Kui" because it represented the Chinese lunar mansions; the lunar mansions stride from Shi Shen, from 3rd Century BCE. The astronomers in Qing dynasty identified "η And" as 1st star, but "ζ And" (the 2nd one in Qing Dynasty) was typically taken as determinative star, cf. also Pan Nai 1989, Burgess 1860, Stephenson 1994, 1997, Sun 1993, Sun 1997, van Dalen 2000. Note that ζ And is brighter (V=4.06 mag) than η And (V=4.40 mag).		It has been suggested in 2023 to name the V=4.06 mag-star ζ And [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=zet+And] "Kui" because it represented the Chinese lunar mansions; the lunar mansions stride from Shi Shen, from 3rd Century BCE. The astronomers in Qing dynasty identified "η And" as 1st star, but "ζ And" (the 2nd one in Qing Dynasty) was typically taken as determinative star, cf. also Pan Nai 1989, Burgess 1860, Stephenson 1994, 1997, Sun 1993, Sun 1997, van Dalen 2000. Note that ζ And is brighter (V=4.06 mag) than η And (V=4.40 mag).

	"[[Shimu\|Tian Shi Mu]]", The Eye of the Celestial Pig, is the oldest preserved name for the star ζ And in China. Later, this region was named Kui, the Legs, and ζ And was (in historical times before Qing Dynasty) used as the determinative star of this constellation and lunar mansion. Because of the popularity of the constellation Kui, WGSN decided to adopt the name "Kui" for η And.		"[[Shimu\|Tian Shi Mu]]", The Eye of the Celestial Pig, is the oldest preserved name for the star ζ And in China. Later, this region was named Kui, the Legs, and ζ And was (in historical times before Qing Dynasty) used as the determinative star of this constellation and lunar mansion. Because of the popularity of the constellation Kui, WGSN decided to adopt the name "Kui" for η And ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=eta+And&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD]).

	== Reference ==		== Reference ==