Kumba - Revision history

Sushoff at 06:00, 17 September 2026

2026-09-17T06:00:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:00, 17 September 2026
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	[[File:Kumba.png\|thumb\|Lintang Kumba in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]		[[File:Kumba.png\|thumb\|Lintang Kumba in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]
	[[File:Stellarium-20251010-212820189.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Kumba (an earthen jug), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]		[[File:Stellarium-20251010-212820189.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Kumba (an earthen jug), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]
	Kumba is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of kumba is found in intersection of Wraspati (Thursday, in saptawara) and Wage (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang kumba means a vessel with holy water constellation.<ref name=":1">Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>		Kumba is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of kumba is found in intersection of Wraspati (Thursday, in saptawara) and Wage (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang kumba means a vessel with holy water constellation.<ref name=":1">Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	Kumba (IPA: [ˈkʊm.ba]) is derived from Sanskrit कुम्भ, kumbha, jar or pitcher.		Kumba (IPA: [ˈkʊm.ba]) is derived from Sanskrit कुम्भ, kumbha, jar or pitcher. The Sanskrit term is a name for the entire IAU-constellation of [[Aquarius]] in India today. This is probably the origin of the Balinese constellation, as the Palelintangan constellations were created around 700 CE after the arrival of Indian settlers who broad the Indian astral science tradition with them - by that time, already a mixture of Vedic with Greco-Babylonian elements.

	=== Spelling Variants ===		=== Spelling Variants ===
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	=== Origin of Constellation ===		=== Origin of Constellation ===
	Kumba is an earthenware pot. Kumba as a water container is used in the manusa yadnya (ceremony for humans), especially in marriage ceremonies. This is stated in the Lontar Eka Pratama which states that four pots are needed as catur kumba for banten or offerings in the ceremony. Catur kumba consist of four small earthenware pots filled with water, rice, and flowers, each in four different colors with a small base (nyiru), as a complement to the offerings.		Kumba is an earthenware pot in Balinese. Kumba as a water container is used in the manusa yadnya (ceremony for humans), especially in marriage ceremonies. This is stated in the Lontar Eka Pratama which states that four pots are needed as catur kumba for banten or offerings in the ceremony. Catur kumba consist of four small earthenware pots filled with water, rice, and flowers, each in four different colors with a small base (nyiru), as a complement to the offerings.

	Catur Kumba itself is four lakes that contain holy water on the island of Bali, namely Lake Buyan, Lake Tamblingan, Lake Bratan, and Lake Batur.<ref>Puteri, H. A. J., Laksmi, N. K. P., Zuraidah, Prihatmoko, H. (2023). Dinamika ekologi manusia dalam toponimi Subak Gede Pulagan-Kumba. Sejarah dan Budaya: Jurnal Sejarah, Budaya, dan Pengajarannya. 17(2), 198-210. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.17977/um020v17i22023p198-211</nowiki></ref>		Catur Kumba itself is four lakes that contain holy water on the island of Bali, namely Lake Buyan, Lake Tamblingan, Lake Bratan, and Lake Batur.<ref>Puteri, H. A. J., Laksmi, N. K. P., Zuraidah, Prihatmoko, H. (2023). Dinamika ekologi manusia dalam toponimi Subak Gede Pulagan-Kumba. Sejarah dan Budaya: Jurnal Sejarah, Budaya, dan Pengajarannya. 17(2), 198-210. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.17977/um020v17i22023p198-211</nowiki></ref>

YoulaAzkarrula at 02:27, 13 September 2026

2026-09-13T02:27:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:27, 13 September 2026
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	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In November 2025, it has been proposed to use the name "~~Kumba~~" for a star in the area to preserve the Balinese heritage. The star ~~tau~~ Aqr or HIP 112716 is in the base of Kumba. Constellation Kumba is mentioned in Palelintangan Prasi, dating roughly 700 CE, and is still used in Bali.		In November 2025, it has been proposed to use the name "Kumbha" for a star in the area to preserve the Balinese heritage. The star tau02 Aqr or HIP 112716 is in the base of Kumba. Constellation Kumba is mentioned in Palelintangan Prasi, dating roughly 700 CE, and is still used in Bali.
	== References ==		== References ==

YoulaAzkarrula: infobox

2026-07-09T03:41:26Z

infobox

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 [[File:LintangKUMBA.jpg|thumb|Lintang Kumba in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.752)]]
 [[File:Kumba.png|thumb|Lintang Kumba in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]
 [[File:Stellarium-20251010-212820189.png|thumb|Balinese constellation: Kumba (an earthen jug), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]

YoulaAzkarrula at 06:09, 24 May 2026

2026-05-24T06:09:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:09, 24 May 2026
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	[[Category:Indonesia]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Indonesia]] [[Category:Southeast Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]]
	[[Category:Balinese]] [[Category:Aqr]] [[Category:Cap]]		[[Category:Balinese]] [[Category:Aqr]] [[Category:Cap]]

YoulaAzkarrula: /* References */

2026-03-04T11:04:33Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 4 March 2026
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	=== Numerology (Neptu/Urip) ===		=== Numerology (Neptu/Urip) ===
	Wraspati (Thursday, in saptawara) has a value of 8 and Wage (in pancawara) has a value of 4. Thus, the total urip on this lintang is 12.<ref name=":0">Tim Kajian Palelintangan, “Gabungan Kajian Palelintangan,” Museum Bali (2021), 1-149.</ref>		Wraspati (Thursday, in saptawara) has a value of 8 and Wage (in pancawara) has a value of 4. Thus, the total urip on this lintang is 12.<ref name=":0">Palelintangan Museum Study Team (Tim Kajian Palelintangan Museum), “Gabungan Kajian Palelintangan,” Museum Bali (2021), 1-149.</ref>

	=== Astrological Characteristics ===		=== Astrological Characteristics ===

YoulaAzkarrula: /* References */

2026-02-05T12:54:03Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:54, 5 February 2026
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	[[File:Kumba.png\|thumb\|Lintang Kumba in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]		[[File:Kumba.png\|thumb\|Lintang Kumba in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]
	[[File:Stellarium-20251010-212820189.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Kumba (an earthen jug), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]		[[File:Stellarium-20251010-212820189.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Kumba (an earthen jug), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]
	Kumba is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of kumba is found in intersection of Wraspati (Thursday, in saptawara) and Wage (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang kumba means a vessel with holy water constellation.<ref>Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>		Kumba is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of kumba is found in intersection of Wraspati (Thursday, in saptawara) and Wage (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang kumba means a vessel with holy water constellation.<ref name=":1">Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
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	==== Identification ====		==== Identification ====
	The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />		The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />
			[[File:Screenshot 2026-02-05 130719.png\|center\|thumb\|800x800px\|Kumba in the identification table by Maaß (1929). He mentioned "Wasserman" which means "Aquarius"]]
	Maaß (1929), p. 143<blockquote>kumba; ~ kumba; - ein irdenes Gefäss.mit heiligem Wasser.</blockquote>'''English:''' kumba; ~ kumba; - an earthen vessel containing holy water.		Maaß (1929), p. 143<blockquote>kumba; ~ kumba; - ein irdenes Gefäss.mit heiligem Wasser.</blockquote>'''English:''' kumba; ~ kumba; - an earthen vessel containing holy water.

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	\|}		\|}

			== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
			In November 2025, it has been proposed to use the name "Kumba" for a star in the area to preserve the Balinese heritage. The star tau Aqr or HIP 112716 is in the base of Kumba. Constellation Kumba is mentioned in Palelintangan Prasi, dating roughly 700 CE, and is still used in Bali.
	== References ==		== References ==

YoulaAzkarrula at 15:35, 4 February 2026

2026-02-04T15:35:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 4 February 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
			[[File:LintangKUMBA.jpg\|thumb\|Lintang Kumba in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.752)]]
	[[File:Kumba.png\|thumb\|Lintang Kumba in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]		[[File:Kumba.png\|thumb\|Lintang Kumba in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]
	[[File:Stellarium-20251010-212820189.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Kumba (an earthen jug), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]		[[File:Stellarium-20251010-212820189.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Kumba (an earthen jug), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Image Variants */

2026-01-29T22:45:33Z

Image Variants

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:45, 29 January 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
			[[File:Kumba.png\|thumb\|Lintang Kumba in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]
	[[File:Stellarium-20251010-212820189.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Kumba (an earthen jug), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]		[[File:Stellarium-20251010-212820189.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Kumba (an earthen jug), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]
	Kumba is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of kumba is found in intersection of Wraspati (Thursday, in saptawara) and Wage (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang kumba means a vessel with holy water constellation.<ref>Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>		Kumba is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of kumba is found in intersection of Wraspati (Thursday, in saptawara) and Wage (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang kumba means a vessel with holy water constellation.<ref>Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>
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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Kumba.png\|Lintang Kumba (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)		File:Kumba.png\|Lintang Kumba (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)
	File:Lintang Kumba.~~png~~\|Lintang Kumba in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali)		File:LinKUMBA.jpg\|Lintang Kumba in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.746)
			File:LintangKUMBA.jpg\|Lintang Kumba in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.752)
	File:Lintang Kumba2.jpg\|Lintang Kumba (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula taken in the ceiling of Taman Gili Klungkung Palace Bali)		File:Lintang Kumba2.jpg\|Lintang Kumba (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula taken in the ceiling of Taman Gili Klungkung Palace Bali)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff: /* General information */

2026-01-29T15:37:58Z

General information

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 29 January 2026
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	[[File:AlfredMaas1929 Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen ocr IdentTab cut.jpg\|thumb\|Identification of Balinese constellations (Maaß 1929, appendix). ]]		[[File:AlfredMaas1929 Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen ocr IdentTab cut.jpg\|thumb\|Identification of Balinese constellations (Maaß 1929, appendix). ]]
	The astronomical identification of the constellation is taken from Maaß (1929)<ref name=":1" /> who explains in general that these constellations and the according ritual practice <blockquote>"sind seit alten Zeiten in einem Werk ,,wariga" niedergelegt, in dem wir zwei Kulturschichten, nämlich indische ~~unq~~ malaio-polynesische Bestandteile wiederfinden." </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' "are written down in a work called "wariga" since old times; there we recognise two cultural layers, i.e. the Indian and the Malayo-Polynesian."</blockquote>He also quotes other scholars<ref>Friedrich, R. (1849). Voorloopig verslag van het eiland Bali, Batavia, Verb. Bat Gen. Deel 23, Nr. 13</ref><ref>HINLOOPEN LABBERT0N, D. VAN (1910). Geillustreerd handboek van Insulinde. Amsterdam: "Vivat"</ref><ref>PIGEAUD, TH. (1925). Een stuk over sterrenkunde uit het Anggastyaparwwa ...... Weltevreden: Albrecht. Tijdsch. v. lnd, T.-, L.- en Vk. deel LXV</ref><ref>Nieuwenkamp, W. O. J. (1905), Schetsen van Bali en Lombok. (Eigen Haard)</ref> and his earlier work<ref>MAASS, ALFRED (1920). Sterne und Sternbilder im malaiischen Archipel. Berlin. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie Jg. 1920/21, H. 1</ref><ref>MAASS, ALFRED (1924). Sternkunde und Sterndeuterei im malaiischen Archipel. Batavia, den Haag. Tijdsch. v. T.-, L.-en Vk. deel LX IV</ref> reporting that this work dates back to the 9th century CE when Bali was part of a Hindu empire on the neighbouring island of Java.<ref name=":1" /> Neubronner van der Tuuk even uses the Old Javanese spelling.		The astronomical identification of the constellation is taken from Maaß (1929)<ref name=":1" /> who explains in general that these constellations and the according ritual practice <blockquote>"sind seit alten Zeiten in einem Werk ,,wariga" niedergelegt, in dem wir zwei Kulturschichten, nämlich indische und malaio-polynesische Bestandteile wiederfinden." </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' "are written down in a work called "wariga" since old times; there we recognise two cultural layers, i.e. the Indian and the Malayo-Polynesian."</blockquote>He also quotes other scholars<ref>Friedrich, R. (1849). Voorloopig verslag van het eiland Bali, Batavia, Verb. Bat Gen. Deel 23, Nr. 13</ref><ref>HINLOOPEN LABBERT0N, D. VAN (1910). Geillustreerd handboek van Insulinde. Amsterdam: "Vivat"</ref><ref>PIGEAUD, TH. (1925). Een stuk over sterrenkunde uit het Anggastyaparwwa ...... Weltevreden: Albrecht. Tijdsch. v. lnd, T.-, L.- en Vk. deel LXV</ref><ref>Nieuwenkamp, W. O. J. (1905), Schetsen van Bali en Lombok. (Eigen Haard)</ref> and his earlier work<ref>MAASS, ALFRED (1920). Sterne und Sternbilder im malaiischen Archipel. Berlin. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie Jg. 1920/21, H. 1</ref><ref>MAASS, ALFRED (1924). Sternkunde und Sterndeuterei im malaiischen Archipel. Batavia, den Haag. Tijdsch. v. T.-, L.-en Vk. deel LX IV</ref> reporting that this work dates back to the 9th century CE when Bali was part of a Hindu empire on the neighbouring island of Java.<ref name=":1" /> Neubronner van der Tuuk even uses the Old Javanese spelling.

	==== Identification ====		==== Identification ====

Sushoff at 14:32, 29 January 2026

2026-01-29T14:32:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:32, 29 January 2026
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	==== Identification ====		==== Identification ====
	The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />		The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />

			Maaß (1929), p. 143<blockquote>kumba; ~ kumba; - ein irdenes Gefäss.mit heiligem Wasser.</blockquote>'''English:''' kumba; ~ kumba; - an earthen vessel containing holy water.

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===