KhalidAlAjaji: /* IAU Working Group Star Names */

2026-10-11T20:53:29Z

IAU Working Group Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:53, 11 October 2026
Line 155:		Line 155:
	Another possible explanation relates the name to the seasonal context of the ''anwāʾ''. The group’s heliacal rising coincides with that of ''al-Hanʿa''. Ibn Qutayba associates this season with people returning to their watering places and explains that the morning rising of ''al-Ǧawzāʾ''—by which he means ''al-Haqʿa'' and ''al-Hanʿa''—occurs during the most intense heat.<ref name="qutayba"/> (pp. 41–44). This seasonal association with heat and watering may help explain the name, although the proposed connection remains hypothetical.		Another possible explanation relates the name to the seasonal context of the ''anwāʾ''. The group’s heliacal rising coincides with that of ''al-Hanʿa''. Ibn Qutayba associates this season with people returning to their watering places and explains that the morning rising of ''al-Ǧawzāʾ''—by which he means ''al-Haqʿa'' and ''al-Hanʿa''—occurs during the most intense heat.<ref name="qutayba"/> (pp. 41–44). This seasonal association with heat and watering may help explain the name, although the proposed connection remains hypothetical.
	==IAU Working Group Star Names==		==IAU Working Group Star Names==
	n 2026, the names Kursiljawza and ~~Arshuljwaza~~ were suggested as star names being member stars of the Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ/ʿArš al-Ǧawzāʾ historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for δ and γ Leporis.		n 2026, the names Kursiljawza and Arshuljawza were suggested as star names being member stars of the Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ/ʿArš al-Ǧawzāʾ historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for δ and γ Leporis.

	WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ...		WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ...

KhalidAlAjaji: New page creation for the asterism Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ and its variant names

2026-10-11T20:48:14Z

New page creation for the asterism Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ and its variant names

New page

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ (كرسي الجوزاء)}}

Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----

[[File:Kursi_aljawza.png|thumb|The two Arabic asterisms called ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ'' (كُرْسِيُّ الجَوْزَاء), as described by al-Ṣūfī and al-Marzūqī. CC BY, Khalid Al-Ajaji, 2026.]]

'''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ''' (كُرْسِيُّ الجَوْزَاء), “the Chair of ''al-Ǧawzāʾ''”, is a name applied to each of two quadrilateral asterisms near ''al-Ǧawzāʾ''.

The first lies near Rigel, at al-Ǧawzāʾ’s left foot. The second lies in Lepus, beneath the right foot, and rises about an hour later. The second is brighter and forms a less regular quadrilateral.

==Concordance, Etymology, History==

'''Variants''' (Arabic, names of the first asterism)
* ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ'' (كُرْسِيُّ الجَوْزَاء), “The Chair of al-Ǧawzāʾ” — unqualified, attested in ibn ʿĀṣim al-Ṯaqafī (d. 403 AH / 1013 CE), ed. al-Qaysī and al-Dulaymī (1996)<ref name="thaqafi"/> (p. 90); and al-Marzūqī (d. 421 AH / 1030 CE), ed. al-Dulaymī (2002)<ref name="marzuqi"/> (vol. 2, p. 346).
* ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ al-Muqaddam'' (كرسي الجوزاء المقدَّم) “The Fore Chair of al-Ǧawzāʾ” — al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 AH / 986 CE), ed. al-Ajaji (2021)<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/> (al-Nahr).

'''Variants''' (Arabic, names of the second asterism)

* ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ'' (كُرْسِيُّ الجَوْزَاء), “The Chair of al-Ǧawzāʾ” — unqualified, in the ''anwāʾ'' literature: Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 AH / 889 CE), Hyderabad edition (1956)<ref name="qutayba"/> (p. 48); ibn ʿĀṣim al-Ṯaqafī (d. 403 AH / 1013 CE), ed. al-Qaysī and al-Dulaymī (1996)<ref name="thaqafi"/> (p. 90); and al-Marzūqī (d. 421 AH / 1030 CE), ed. al-Dulaymī (2002)<ref name="marzuqi"/> (vol. 2, p. 346).

* ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ al-Muʾaḫḫar'' (كرسي الجوزاء المؤخَّر), “The Rear Chair of al-Ǧawzāʾ” — al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 AH / 986 CE), ed. al-Ajaji (2021)<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/> (al-Arnab).

* ''ʿArš al-Ǧawzāʾ'' (عرش الجوزاء), “The Throne of al-Ǧawzāʾ” — al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 AH / 986 CE), ed. al-Ajaji (2021)<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/> (al-Arnab).

* ''al-Nihāl'' (النِّهال), “The Camels That Have Drunk”, referring to camels that have taken their first drink at a watering place; the word can also denote thirsty camels — al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 AH / 986 CE), ed. al-Ajaji (2021)<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/> (al-Arnab).

* ''ʿArš al-Ǧabbār'' (عرش الجبَّار), “The Throne of the King” — ibn al-Ṣūfī (d. after 400 AH / 1010 CE), ed. al-Ajaji (2021)<ref name="khalid2021urjuza"/>.

* ''al-Maḫāyil'' (المخايل), “The Clouds” — attested only in the second recension of the ''Urjūza'', by Ibn al-Ṣūfī (d. after 400 AH / 1010 CE), ed. al-Ajaji (2021)<ref name="khalid2021urjuza"/>.

* ''al-Nahal'' or ''al-Nuhul'' (النَّهَل أو النُّهُل), “The Camels That Have Drunk”, referring to camels that have taken their first drink at a watering place; the word can also denote thirsty camels — al-Marzūqī (d. 421 AH / 1030 CE), ed. al-Dulaymī (2002)<ref name="marzuqi"/> (vol. 2, p. 346).

'''Variants''' Latin / European:

* ''Cúrsa AlGjauza AlMutakáddem'', ''Cúrsa AlGjauza AlMuvcchera'', ''Arsh AlGjauza'', ''AlNihâl''. Hyde (1665)<ref name="hyde"/> (pp. 48, 49).
* ''Khursi el-dschauzâ'', ''[Khursi el-dschauzâ] el-mutakaddem'', ''[Khursi el-dschauzâ] el-muccherâ'', ''El-nihâl''. Ideler (1809)<ref name="ideler"/> (pp. 228, 236, 237).
* ''kursî al-djauzâ al-mukaddam'', ''kursî al-djauzâ al-muchchar'', ''arsch al-djauzâ'', ''al-nihâl''. Schjellerup (1874)<ref name="Schjellerup"/> (pp. 213, 216).
* ''Al Kursiyy al Jauzah'', ''Al Kursiyy al Jabbār'', ''Al ʽArsh al Jauzah'', ''Al Nihāl''. Allen (1963)<ref name="Hinckley"/> (pp. 218, 265).
* ''kursī al-ğawzāʾ'', ''kursī al-ğawzāʾ al-muqaddam'', ''kursī al-ğawzāʾ al-muʾaḫḫar'', ''ʿarš al-ğawzāʾ'', ''an-nihāl'', ''an-nuhul''. Kunitzsch (1961)<ref name="Kunitzsch1961"/> (entries 148a, 149, 148b, 39, 203, pp. 75, 44, 89).

===Etymology===

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" style="width: 16%;" | Variant
! scope="col" style="width: 42%;" | English
! scope="col" style="width: 42%;" | Arabic
|-
|''Kursī''
|Under the root ''k-r-s'', ''Lisān al-ʿArab''<ref name="lisan"/> gives the lexical meaning of '''kursī''': “The ''kursī'' is well known; it is the singular of ''karāsī''.” Ibn Manẓūr quotes al-Zağğāğ as saying: “What we know as a ''kursī'' in the language is something that one rests upon and sits upon.” He also cites Abū ʿAmr, reporting from Thaʿlab: “The ''kursī'' is what the Arabs recognize as the thrones of kings.”
|جاء في «لسان العرب»، مادة «كرس»، في بيان المعنى اللغوي للكُرسي: «والكُرْسِيّ: معروف، واحد الكراسي». وينقل ابن منظور عن الزجاج قوله: «الذي نعرفه من الكرسي في اللغة الشيء الذي يُعتمد عليه ويُجلس عليه»، كما يورد عن أبي عمرو، عن ثعلب: «الكرسيّ ما تعرفه العرب من كراسيّ الملوك».
|-
|''ʿArš''
|Under the root ''ʿ-r-š'', ''Lisān al-ʿArab''<ref name="lisan"/> states: “The ʿarš is the king’s throne.”
|جاء في «لسان العرب»، مادة «عرش»: «العَرْش: سَرِيرُ المَلِك».
|-
|''al-Nahal'', ''al-Nuhul'', ''al-Nihāl''
|Under the root ''n-h-l'', ''Lisān al-ʿArab'' records ''nuhul'' and ''nahal'' as plurals of ''nāhil'', and ''nihāl'' as a plural of ''nahal''. It says: “''Nuhul'' means those entering the water to drink; it is the plural of ''nāhil''.” It also states: “The plural of ''nāhil'' is ''nahal'', like ''ṭālib'' and ''ṭalab'', and the plural of ''nahal'' is ''nihāl''.” It further explains: “''Nahl'' is the first drinking. You say ''anhaltu al-ibila'' (‘I gave the camels their first drink’), referring to their first watering, and ''nahilat'' is said of the camels when they drink on first arriving at the watering place.”
| جاء في اللسان مادة (نهل) أن النُّهُل والنَّهَل والنِّهال جمع ناهل. قال: النُّهُل الشُّروع
؛ هُوَ جَمْعُ نَاهِل وقال: وَجَمْعُ النَّاهِل نَهَلٌ مِثْلُ طالِب وطَلَب، وَجَمْعُ النَّهَل نِهَال، وقال: النَّهْل: أَوَّل الشُّرْب؛ تَقُولُ: أَنهَلْتُ الإِبلَ وَهُوَ أَول سَقْيِهَا، ونَهِلَتْ هِيَ إِذا شَرِبَتْ فِي أَوَّل الوِرْد.
|-
|''al-Maḫāyil''
|Under the root ''ḫ-y-l'', ''Lisān al-ʿArab'' states: “''Maḫīla'' means a cloud; its plural is ''maḫāyil''.” Ibn Manẓūr explains that it is so called when rain is expected from it: “A cloud is said to have ''aḫālat'', ''aḫyalat'', or ''ḫāyalat'' when it is expected to bring rain.”
|جاء في اللسان مادة (خيل): المَخِيلَة، بِفَتْحِ الْمِيمِ، السَّحَابَةُ، وَجَمْعُهَا مَخَايِل. وأوضح ابن منظور أنها تسمّى كذلك إذا كانت ترجى للمطر، قال: قَدْ أَخَالَتِ السحابةُ وأَخْيَلَتْ وخَايَلَتْ إِذا كَانَتْ تُرْجى لِلْمَطَرِ.
|}

=== Sources and Identification ===

==== Ibn Qutayba ====
'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 AH / 889 CE)''', Hyderabad edition (1956)<ref name="qutayba"/>, places ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ'' below ''al-Ǧawzāʾ'' and describes it as four stars forming an irregular quadrilateral (pp. 45, 48):
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" |English
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" |Arabic
|-
|“''Al-Ǧawzāʾ'' is counted among the southern stars and is also called '''al-Ǧabbār''', likening it to a king, because it has the form of a man seated on a chair and wearing a crown.”
“Next is '''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ''', a group of four stars forming an irregular quadrilateral below al-Ǧawzāʾ.”
|«والجوزاء تعدّ في الكواكب اليمانية، وهي تسمّى: الجبّار، تشبيهًا لها بالملك، لأنها في صورة رجل على كرسي عليه تاج.»
«ثم كرسي الجوزاء، وهي أربعة كواكب غير مستوية التربيع، أسفل الجوزاء.»
|}

Ibn Qutayba describes only one ''Kursī''. His description of an irregular quadrilateral may refer to α, β, ε, and μ Leporis. The lengths of its sides, measured around the figure, are (α-β) 3.11°, (β-ε) 5.54°, (ε-μ)6.42°, and (μ-α) 5.0°, giving it a trapezoidal outline. Its upper side, μ–α Leporis, runs approximately parallel to the line joining β and κ Orionis, which mark al-Ǧawzāʾ’s two feet. Another possibility is α, β, γ, and δ Leporis, but the former group is brighter.

[[File:Kursi_aljawza_Qutayba.png|thumb|none|400px|The Arabic asterism called ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ'' (كُرْسِيُّ الجَوْزَاء), as described by ibn Qutayba. CC BY, Khalid Al-Ajaji, 2026.]]

==== Al-Ṣūfī ====
'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 AH / 986 CE)''', ed. al-Ajaji (2021)<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>, records the names and positions of the two asterisms in his accounts of ''al-Ǧawzāʾ'', ''al-Nahr'', and ''al-Arnab'' (Orion, Eridanus, and Lepus):
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" |English
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" |Arabic
|-
|Al-Ṣūfī's description of the figure of Orion: “It represents a man standing to the south of the Sun’s path, closely resembling the human form, with a head, two shoulders, and two legs. It is called ''al-Ǧabbār'' because he stands on two chairs, holds a staff in his hand, and wears a sword at his waist.”
Al-Ṣūfī's description of the square near Orion in Eridanus: “The Arabs call its first, second, and third stars [of Eridanus], together with the thirty-sixth star of the constellation al-Ǧawzāʾ—the one above the ankle of its left leg—''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ al-Muqaddam'' (‘the Fore Chair of al-Ǧawzāʾ’), because they form a quadrilateral resembling a chair. The bright thirty-fifth star, on al-Ǧawzāʾ’s left leg, lies along one side of the quadrilateral, resembling a foot resting on a chair.”
Al-Ṣūfī's description of the square in Lepus: “The Arabs call the four stars on its body—its seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth stars—''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ al-Muʾaḫḫar'' (‘the Rear Chair of al-Ǧawzāʾ’), and also ʿArš al-Ǧawzāʾ (‘the Throne of al-Ǧawzāʾ’), because they lie between the two legs, in the position of the throne. I have read in some books on the anwāʾ that they are called al-Nihāl.”
|«وهو صورة رجل قائم في ناحية الجنوب عن طريقة الشمس، أشبه شيء بصورة الإنسان، له رأس ومنكبان ورجلان، وسُمِّيَ: الجَبَّارَ لأنه على كرسيين وبيده عصا وعلى وسطه سيف.»
«والعرب تُسَمِّي الأول والثاني والثالث من كواكبه مع السادس والثلاثين من كوكبة الجوزاء وهو الذي فوق الكعب من رجله اليسرى: كُرْسِيَّ الجَوْزَاءِ المُقَدَّمَ؛ لأنها قد صارت على مربع شبيه بالكرسي، والخامس والثلاثون النيِّر الذي على رجل الجوزاء اليسرى قد صار على ضلع المربع شبيه برِجْلٍ على كرسي.»
«والعرب تسمي الأربعة التي على بدنه وهي السابع والثامن والتاسع والعاشر من كواكبه: كُرْسِيَّ الجَوْزَاءِ المُؤَخَّرَ، وعَرْشَ الجَوْزَاءِ أيضًا؛ لأنها فيما بين الرجلين في موضع العَرْشِ، وقرأت في بعض كتب الأنواء أنها تُسَمَّى: النِّهَالَ.»
|}

Al-Ṣūfī’s descriptions identify ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ al-Muqaddam'' with λ, β, and ψ Eridani together with τ Orionis, and ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ al-Muʾaḫḫar'' with α, β, γ, and δ Leporis.

[[File:Kursi_aljawza.png|thumb|none|400px|The two Arabic asterisms called ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ'' (كُرْسِيُّ الجَوْزَاء), as described by al-Ṣūfī and al-Marzūqī. CC BY, Khalid Al-Ajaji, 2026.]]

==== Ibn al-Ṣūfī ====
'''Ibn al-Ṣūfī (d. after 400 AH / 1010 CE)''', ed. al-Ajaji (al-Urjūza 2021)<ref name="khalid2021urjuza"/>, records, across the two recensions of the ''Urjūza'' (“Poem of the Stars”), three names for the second asterism (''al-Arnab'', “Lepus”):
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" |English
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" |Arabic
|-
|Next comes the Hare, whose stars are small, 
And dim the greater number of them all.
When viewed, they lie just below 
The feet of the figure of ''al-Ǧabbār''.
“The Throne of al-Ǧabbār,” the Arabs named them; 
So the transmitters of traditional accounts relate.
The Arabs also call them ''al-Nihāl''; 
The books report this name for them as well.
Sometimes they are called ''al-Maḫāyil''; 
So we are told on the authority of earlier writers.
|وَبَعْدَهُ الأَرْنَبُ وَهْوَ أَنْجُمُ … صَغِيرَةٌ أَكْثَرُهُنَّ مُظْلِمُ
هُنَّ إِذَا رُمِينَ بِالأَبْصَارِ … دُوَيْنَ رِجْلَيْ صُورَةِ الجَبَّارِ
لَقَّبَهَا العُرْبُ بِعَرْشِ الجَبَّارْ … كَذَلِكُمْ يَذْكُرُ أَهْلُ الأَخْبَار
وَقَدْ تُسَمِّيهَا النِّهَالَ العَرَبُ … بِذَلِكُمْ تُخْبِرُ عَنْهَا الكُتُبُ
وَرُبَّمَا سُمِّينَ بِالمَخَايِلِ … كَذَاكَ نُبِّئْنَا عَنِ الأَوَائِلِ
|}

==== Al-Marzūqī ====
'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 AH / 1030 CE)''', ed. al-Dulaymī (2002)<ref name="marzuqi"/>, describes the two asterisms as follows (vol. 2, p. 346):
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" |English
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" |Arabic
|-
|“Beneath each of al-Ǧawzāʾ’s two feet are four stars called ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ'' (‘the Chair of al-Ǧawzāʾ’). One of the two chairs is more conspicuous than the other. ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ'' is also called [either ''al-Nahal'' or ''al-Nuhul''].”
|«وتحت كلِّ واحدة من رجلي الجَوْزَاءِ، كواكب أربعة، تُسَمَّى: كُرْسِيَّ الجَوْزَاءِ، وأحد الكرسيين أبين من الآخر، ويُسَمَّى كُرْسِيُّ الجَوْزَاءِ: النهل [النَّهَلُ أو النُّهُلُ].»

|}
Al-Marzūqī is the only source cited here that records the name النهل, which appears without vowel marks in the editions consulted. It can be read as ''al-Nahal'' or ''al-Nuhul''. Both are plural forms of ''nāhil'', denoting a camel that has taken its first drink, or a thirsty camel.

Al-Marzūqī’s description agrees more closely with al-Ṣūfī’s account, since he places a group of four stars beneath each of al-Ǧawzāʾ’s feet.

===Discussion===

====Two chairs, one under each foot====

The qualifiers ''al-Muqaddam'' (“Fore”) and ''al-Muʾaḫḫar'' (“Rear”) appear to refer to the order in which the two asterisms rise. Al-Marzūqī’s “more conspicuous” ''Kursī'' is the Lepus group, whose constituent stars are generally brighter than those of the Eridanus–Orion group. Ibn Qutayba’s single ''Kursī'', described as an irregular quadrilateral below ''al-Ǧawzāʾ'', likewise appears to refer to a group in Lepus, rather than the more nearly regular quadrilateral in Eridanus. In the ''anwāʾ'' sources discussed here, the unqualified name ''Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ'' appears to denote the Lepus group. Among these sources, only al-Ṣūfī explicitly records the qualifiers ''al-Muqaddam'' and ''al-Muʾaḫḫar''.

====The Milky Way and the name al-Nihāl====

''Al-Nihāl'' denotes camels that have taken their first drink at a watering place; it can also denote thirsty camels. One possible explanation of the name is the proximity of the four stars to the Milky Way: the group lies approximately 15° from its visible edge near Sirius.

Another possible explanation relates the name to the seasonal context of the ''anwāʾ''. The group’s heliacal rising coincides with that of ''al-Hanʿa''. Ibn Qutayba associates this season with people returning to their watering places and explains that the morning rising of ''al-Ǧawzāʾ''—by which he means ''al-Haqʿa'' and ''al-Hanʿa''—occurs during the most intense heat.<ref name="qutayba"/> (pp. 41–44). This seasonal association with heat and watering may help explain the name, although the proposed connection remains hypothetical.
==IAU Working Group Star Names==
n 2026, the names Kursiljawza and Arshuljwaza were suggested as star names being member stars of the Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ/ʿArš al-Ǧawzāʾ historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for δ and γ Leporis.

WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ...

== Weblinks ==

== Reference ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="lisan">لسان العرب، ابن منظور (توفي 711 هـ) 
Ibn Manẓūr (d. 711 AH/ c. 1312 CE), ''Lisān al-ʿarab''</ref>
<ref name="qutayba">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري المتوفى سنة 276هـ - 889م، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ - 1956م. 
Ibn Qutayba ad-Dīnawarī, abū Muḥammad ʿabd Allah b. Muslim. d. 276 AH / 889 CE, ''Kitābu'l-Anwāʾ (on Meteorology of the Arabs)'', Dairatu'l-Maʿarifi'l-Osmania, Hyderabad - India 1956 CE/1375 AH</ref>
<ref name="marzuqi">الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 هـ. 
Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan (d. 1030 CE). ''Al-Azmina wa al-Amkina'' (“Times and Places”). Edited by Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymī. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 2002.</ref>
<ref name="Kunitzsch1961">Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</ref>
<ref name="thaqafi">عبد الله بن حسين بن عاصم الثقفي (توفي 403 هـ)، الأنواء والأزمنة، تحقيق: د. نوري حمودي القيسي، د. محمد نايف الدليمي، دار الجيل، بيروت، لبنان، 1416 هـ. 
Al-Ṯaqafī, ʿabd Allah ibn Ḥusayn ibn ʿāṣim (d. 403 AH/ ~1013 CE), ''Al-Anwaʾ wa al-Azmina'', critical edition by Dr. Nūrī al-Qaysī and Dr. Moḥammad Nayef al-Dulaymī, Dar al-Jīl, Beirut, Lebanon, 1416 AH/1996 CE.</ref>
<ref name="ideler">Ideler, Ludwig, ''Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und die Bedeutung der Sternnamen'', Berlin, 1809.</ref>
<ref name="Schjellerup">Ṣūfī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn 'Umar, 903-986. ''Description Des étoiles Fixes''. traduction littérale avec des notes par H. C. F. C Schjellerup. St. Pétersbourg: Commissionnaires de l’Académie Impériale des sciences, 1874.</ref>
<ref name="hyde">Hyde, Thomas, Tabulæ Long[itudinis] ac Lat[itudinis] Stellarum Fixarum, Oxford: Henry Hall, 1665</ref>
<ref name="Hinckley">Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names — Their Lore and Meaning, Dover edition, 1963.</ref>
<ref name="khalid2021sufi">[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي. ]
[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr ''Book of the Stars'' by al-Ṣūfī (died 986 CE): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021.]</ref>
<ref name="khalid2021urjuza">[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=sharing أرجوزة الكواكب لأبي علي الحسين بن عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بابن الصوفي (ت بعد 400 ه، 1010م)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي. ]
[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=sharing ''Poem of the Stars'' by Ibn al-Ṣūfī (died after ~ 400 AH, 1010 CE): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021.]</ref>
}}

[[Category:Africa]]
[[Category:North Africa]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Asian]]
[[Category:West Asian]]
[[Category:Arabic]]
[[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:Constellation]]
[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]

Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ - Revision history

KhalidAlAjaji: /* IAU Working Group Star Names */

KhalidAlAjaji: New page creation for the asterism Kursī al-Ǧawzāʾ and its variant names