LU.MAŠ - Revision history

Sushoff at 18:18, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T18:18:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:18, 26 March 2026
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	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	<sup>mul / d</sup>LU.MAŠ (𒀯𒇻𒈦) = ''lumāšu'', is the closest term in Sumerian-Akkadian that matches English 'constellation,' i.e. a complex asterism consisting of multiple parts and numerous stars. In the late-period it has the technical meaning of a sign of the zodiac, and possibly a zodiacal constellation. Earlier in the context of Marduk organizing the starry sky in Enuma Elish V: 1-2, the term refers to the likeness of the gods in the sky that mark off the divisions of the sky and set the parameters of the stellar calendar (Lambert 2013<ref>Lambert, W.G. (2013). Babylonian Creation Myths, Eisenbraun, Winnona Lake.</ref>: 98-99 with note on p. 477, MCG<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref> 114-115).		<sup>mul / d</sup>LU.MAŠ (𒀯𒇻𒈦) = ''lumāšu'', is the closest term in Sumerian-Akkadian that matches English 'constellation,' i.e. a complex asterism consisting of multiple parts and numerous stars. In the late-period it has the technical meaning of a sign of the zodiac, and possibly a zodiacal constellation. Earlier in the context of Marduk organizing the starry sky in Enuma Elish V: 1-2, the term refers to the likeness of the gods in the sky that mark off the divisions of the sky and set the parameters of the stellar calendar (Lambert 2013<ref>Lambert, W.G. (2013). Babylonian Creation Myths, Eisenbraun, Winnona Lake.</ref>: 98-99 with note on p. 477, MCG<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref> 114-115).

Sushoff at 08:08, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T08:08:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:08, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	<sup>mul / d</sup>LU.MAŠ (𒀯𒇻𒈦) = ''lumāšu'', is the closest term in Sumerian-Akkadian that matches English 'constellation,' i.e. a complex asterism consisting of multiple parts and numerous stars. In the late-period it has the technical meaning of a sign of the zodiac, and possibly a zodiacal constellation. Earlier in the context of Marduk organizing the starry sky in Enuma Elish V: 1-2, the term refers to the likeness of the gods in the sky that mark off the divisions of the sky and set the parameters of the stellar calendar (Lambert 2013<ref>Lambert, W.G. (2013). Babylonian Creation Myths, Eisenbraun, Winnona Lake.</ref>: 98-99 with note on p. 477, MCG<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref> 114-115).		<sup>mul / d</sup>LU.MAŠ (𒀯𒇻𒈦) = ''lumāšu'', is the closest term in Sumerian-Akkadian that matches English 'constellation,' i.e. a complex asterism consisting of multiple parts and numerous stars. In the late-period it has the technical meaning of a sign of the zodiac, and possibly a zodiacal constellation. Earlier in the context of Marduk organizing the starry sky in Enuma Elish V: 1-2, the term refers to the likeness of the gods in the sky that mark off the divisions of the sky and set the parameters of the stellar calendar (Lambert 2013<ref>Lambert, W.G. (2013). Babylonian Creation Myths, Eisenbraun, Winnona Lake.</ref>: 98-99 with note on p. 477, MCG<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref> 114-115).

Sushoff at 19:28, 17 December 2025

2025-12-17T19:28:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:28, 17 December 2025
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	The Great Star List gives a set of 7 constellations that are identified as ''lumāšu''.		The Great Star List gives a set of 7 constellations that are identified as ''lumāšu''.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	~~=== Kurtik with Hilder~~, ~~Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim =~~==
	Variant:		Variant:

InitTeam at 11:20, 13 September 2025

2025-09-13T11:20:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 13 September 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	<sup>mul / d</sup>LU.MAŠ (𒀯𒇻𒈦) = ''lumāšu'', is the closest term in Sumerian-Akkadian that matches English 'constellation,' i.e. a complex asterism consisting of multiple parts and numerous stars. In the late-period it has the technical meaning of a sign of the zodiac, and possibly a zodiacal constellation. Earlier in the context of Marduk organizing the starry sky in Enuma Elish V: 1-2, the term refers to the likeness of the gods in the sky that mark off the divisions of the sky and set the parameters of the stellar calendar (Lambert 2013: 98-99 with note on p. 477, MCG 114-115).		<sup>mul / d</sup>LU.MAŠ (𒀯𒇻𒈦) = ''lumāšu'', is the closest term in Sumerian-Akkadian that matches English 'constellation,' i.e. a complex asterism consisting of multiple parts and numerous stars. In the late-period it has the technical meaning of a sign of the zodiac, and possibly a zodiacal constellation. Earlier in the context of Marduk organizing the starry sky in Enuma Elish V: 1-2, the term refers to the likeness of the gods in the sky that mark off the divisions of the sky and set the parameters of the stellar calendar (Lambert 2013<ref>Lambert, W.G. (2013). Babylonian Creation Myths, Eisenbraun, Winnona Lake.</ref>: 98-99 with note on p. 477, MCG<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref> 114-115).

	The Great Star List gives a set of 7 constellations that are identified as ''lumāšu''.		The Great Star List gives a set of 7 constellations that are identified as ''lumāšu''.
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	* <sup>mul / d</sup>''Lumāšu'' (𒀯𒇻𒈠𒀀𒋗) is the Akkadian equivalent.		* <sup>mul / d</sup>''Lumāšu'' (𒀯𒇻𒈠𒀀𒋗) is the Akkadian equivalent.
	** 1) a poetic term for constellations, found in Enūma eliš and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD L, 245; AHw, 263; MCG, 395a];		** 1) a poetic term for constellations, found in Enūma eliš and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> L, 245; AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 263; MCG<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref>, 395a];
	** 2) = lu<sub>2</sub>.maš, lu.maš, designating the signs of the zodiac and perhaps also zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. for a discussion of the possible meanings of the term [Weidner 1931-32, 175; 1957-59, 80; Sachs 1952, 71; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 170].		** 2) = lu<sub>2</sub>.maš, lu.maš, designating the signs of the zodiac and perhaps also zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. for a discussion of the possible meanings of the term [Weidner 1931-32<ref>''Weidner E. '' Der Tierkreis und Wege am Himmel // AfO. 1931-32. Bd. 7. S. 170-178.</ref>, 175; 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 80; Sachs 1952<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>, 71; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961<ref>''Landsberger B., Kinnier Wilson J.V.'' The Fifth Tablet of Enuma Eliš // JNES. 1961. V. 20, № 3. Р. 154-179.</ref>, 170].

	LU<sub>2</sub>.MAŠ; = ''lumāšu'' (Kurtik L10 [[LU.LIM]] and L19 ''[[Lumāšu]]'') is designation of the signs of the zodiac and possibly of the zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. Earlier in Akkadian ''lumāšu'' occurs as a poetic term for constellations in Enuma Elish and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD L, 245; AHw, 263; MCG, 395 (index) including a literary creation to Enuma Anu Enlil Weidner [1954-1956, 89:5; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 172; ABCD, 270-271, Source E 18′; MCG, 146-147]. See also KAR 307: 33 where Marduk is said to have inscribed the constellations on the lowest of the three heavens: an-˹u<sub>2</sub>˺ ''šaplûti''(ki.ta.meš) na<sub>4</sub> ''aš-pu-u ša'' mul.<meš> ''lu-ma-ši ša'' dingir.meš ''ina muḫḫi''(ugu) ''e-ṣir'' "The lower heavens of jasper belong to the stars. He (= the sky-god Anu) has inscribed the constellations of the gods on them." [MCG, 3-4, 401, Plate 1]; see also [Horowitz 1990, 516, note 8; CAD Š/1, 343b; Landsberger 1967, 154; Oppenheim 1978, 640-641; Livingstone 1986, 82, 86; TuL 28-37], and a passage in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon Borger. Esarh. ''lu-ma''(var. adds -''a'')-''še tamšil šiṭir šumija ēsiq ṣēruššun'' "I inscribed on them (my stelae and prisms) ''lumāšu'' corresponding to the spelling of my name," quoted in [CAD L, 245b - '''''need new edition of Esarhaddon????''''']. A more technical example of the term is found in the Great Star List which gives a list of 7 ''lumāšu'' (see below).		LU<sub>2</sub>.MAŠ; = ''lumāšu'' (Kurtik L10 [[LU.LIM]] and L19 ''[[Lumāšu]]'') is designation of the signs of the zodiac and possibly of the zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. Earlier in Akkadian ''lumāšu'' occurs as a poetic term for constellations in Enuma Elish and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> L, 245; AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 263; MCG<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref>, 395 (index) including a literary creation to Enuma Anu Enlil [Weidner 1954-1956<ref>''Weidner E.'' Die astrologische Serie Enûma Anu Enlil // AfO. 1954-1956. Bd. 17. S. 71-89.</ref>, 89:5; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961<ref>''Landsberger B., Kinnier Wilson J.V.'' The Fifth Tablet of Enuma Eliš // JNES. 1961. V. 20, № 3. Р. 154-179.</ref>, 172; ABCD<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref>, 270-271, Source E 18′; MCG<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref>, 146-147]. See also KAR 307: 33 where Marduk is said to have inscribed the constellations on the lowest of the three heavens: an-˹u<sub>2</sub>˺ ''šaplûti''(ki.ta.meš) na<sub>4</sub> ''aš-pu-u ša'' mul.<meš> ''lu-ma-ši ša'' dingir.meš ''ina muḫḫi''(ugu) ''e-ṣir'' "The lower heavens of jasper belong to the stars. He (= the sky-god Anu) has inscribed the constellations of the gods on them." [MCG, 3-4, 401, Plate 1]; see also [Horowitz 1990, 516, note 8; CAD Š/1, 343b; Landsberger 1967, 154; Oppenheim 1978, 640-641; Livingstone 1986, 82, 86; TuL 28-37], and a passage in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon Borger. Esarh. ''lu-ma''(var. adds -''a'')-''še tamšil šiṭir šumija ēsiq ṣēruššun'' "I inscribed on them (my stelae and prisms) ''lumāšu'' corresponding to the spelling of my name," quoted in [CAD L, 245b - '''''need new edition of Esarhaddon????''''']. A more technical example of the term is found in the Great Star List which gives a list of 7 ''lumāšu'' (see below).
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InitTeam at 13:14, 10 September 2025

2025-09-10T13:14:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:14, 10 September 2025
Line 10:		Line 10:
	** 2) = lu<sub>2</sub>.maš, lu.maš, designating the signs of the zodiac and perhaps also zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. for a discussion of the possible meanings of the term [Weidner 1931-32, 175; 1957-59, 80; Sachs 1952, 71; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 170].		** 2) = lu<sub>2</sub>.maš, lu.maš, designating the signs of the zodiac and perhaps also zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. for a discussion of the possible meanings of the term [Weidner 1931-32, 175; 1957-59, 80; Sachs 1952, 71; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 170].

	LU<sub>2</sub>.MAŠ; = ''lumāšu'' (Kurtik L10 [[LU.LIM]] and L19 ''[[Lumāšu]]'') is designation of the signs of the zodiac and possibly of the zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. Earlier in Akkadian ''lumāšu'' occurs as a poetic term for constellations in Enuma Elish and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD L, 245; AHw, 263; MCG, 395 (index) including a literary creation to Enuma Anu Enlil Weidner [1954-1956, 89:5; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 172; ABCD, 270-271, Source E 18′; MCG, 146-147]. See also KAR 307: 33 where Marduk is said to have inscribed the constellations on the lowest of the three heavens: an-˹u<sub>2</sub>˺ ''šaplûti''(ki.ta.meš) na<sub>4</sub> ''aš-pu-u ša'' mul.<meš> ''lu-ma-ši ša'' dingir.meš ''ina muḫḫi''(ugu) ''e-ṣir'' "The lower heavens of jasper belong to the stars. He (= the sky-god Anu) has inscribed the constellations of the gods on them." [MCG, 3-4, 401, Plate 1]; see also [Horowitz 1990, 516, note 8; CAD Š/1, 343b; Landsberger 1967, 154; Oppenheim 1978, 640-641; Livingstone 1986, 82, 86; TuL 28-37], and a passage in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon Borger. Esarh. ''lu-ma''(var. adds -''a'')-''še tamšil šiṭir šumija ēsiq ṣēruššun'' "I inscribed on them (my stelae and prisms) ''lumāšu'' corresponding to the spelling of my name," quoted in [CAD L, 245b - need new edition of Esarhaddon????]. A more technical example of the term is found in the Great Star List which gives a list of 7 ''lumāšu'' (see below).		LU<sub>2</sub>.MAŠ; = ''lumāšu'' (Kurtik L10 [[LU.LIM]] and L19 ''[[Lumāšu]]'') is designation of the signs of the zodiac and possibly of the zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. Earlier in Akkadian ''lumāšu'' occurs as a poetic term for constellations in Enuma Elish and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD L, 245; AHw, 263; MCG, 395 (index) including a literary creation to Enuma Anu Enlil Weidner [1954-1956, 89:5; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 172; ABCD, 270-271, Source E 18′; MCG, 146-147]. See also KAR 307: 33 where Marduk is said to have inscribed the constellations on the lowest of the three heavens: an-˹u<sub>2</sub>˺ ''šaplûti''(ki.ta.meš) na<sub>4</sub> ''aš-pu-u ša'' mul.<meš> ''lu-ma-ši ša'' dingir.meš ''ina muḫḫi''(ugu) ''e-ṣir'' "The lower heavens of jasper belong to the stars. He (= the sky-god Anu) has inscribed the constellations of the gods on them." [MCG, 3-4, 401, Plate 1]; see also [Horowitz 1990, 516, note 8; CAD Š/1, 343b; Landsberger 1967, 154; Oppenheim 1978, 640-641; Livingstone 1986, 82, 86; TuL 28-37], and a passage in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon Borger. Esarh. ''lu-ma''(var. adds -''a'')-''še tamšil šiṭir šumija ēsiq ṣēruššun'' "I inscribed on them (my stelae and prisms) ''lumāšu'' corresponding to the spelling of my name," quoted in [CAD L, 245b - '''''need new edition of Esarhaddon????''''']. A more technical example of the term is found in the Great Star List which gives a list of 7 ''lumāšu'' (see below).
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	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]

			[[Category:4workWayne]]

Sushoff at 13:07, 4 September 2025

2025-09-04T13:07:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:07, 4 September 2025
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	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]

	~~[[Category:4workWayne]]~~

WayneHorowitz at 10:38, 4 September 2025

2025-09-04T10:38:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:38, 4 September 2025
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	** 2) = lu<sub>2</sub>.maš, lu.maš, designating the signs of the zodiac and perhaps also zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. for a discussion of the possible meanings of the term [Weidner 1931-32, 175; 1957-59, 80; Sachs 1952, 71; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 170].		** 2) = lu<sub>2</sub>.maš, lu.maš, designating the signs of the zodiac and perhaps also zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. for a discussion of the possible meanings of the term [Weidner 1931-32, 175; 1957-59, 80; Sachs 1952, 71; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 170].

	LU<sub>2</sub>.MAŠ; = ''lumāšu'' (Kurtik L10 [[LU.LIM]] and L19 ''[[Lumāšu]]'') is designation of the signs of the zodiac and possibly of the zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. Earlier in Akkadian ''lumāšu'' occurs as a poetic term for constellations in Enuma Elish and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD L, 245; AHw, 263; MCG, 395 (index) including a literary creation to Enuma Anu Enlil Weidner [1954-1956, 89:5; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 172; ABCD, 270-271, Source E 18′; MCG, 146-147]. See also KAR 307: 33 where Marduk is said to have inscribed the constellations on the lowest of the three heavens: an-˹u<sub>2</sub>˺ ''šaplûti''(ki.ta.meš)na<sub>4</sub> ''aš-pu-u ša'' mul.<meš> ''lu-ma-ši ša'' dingir.meš ''ina muḫḫi''(ugu) ''e-ṣir'' "The lower heavens of jasper belong to the stars. He (= the sky-god Anu) has inscribed the constellations of the gods on them." [MCG, 3-4, 401, Plate 1]; see also [Horowitz 1990, 516, note 8; CAD Š/1, 343b; Landsberger 1967, 154; Oppenheim 1978, 640-641; Livingstone 1986, 82, 86; TuL 28-37], and a passage in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon Borger. Esarh. ''lu-ma''(var. adds -''a'')-''še tamšil šiṭir šumija ēsiq ṣēruššun'' "I inscribed on them (my stelae and prisms) ''lumāšu'' corresponding to the spelling of my name," quoted in [CAD L, 245b - need new edition of Esarhaddon????]. A more technical example of the term is found in the Great Star List which gives a list of 7 ''lumāšu'' (see below).		LU<sub>2</sub>.MAŠ; = ''lumāšu'' (Kurtik L10 [[LU.LIM]] and L19 ''[[Lumāšu]]'') is designation of the signs of the zodiac and possibly of the zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. Earlier in Akkadian ''lumāšu'' occurs as a poetic term for constellations in Enuma Elish and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD L, 245; AHw, 263; MCG, 395 (index) including a literary creation to Enuma Anu Enlil Weidner [1954-1956, 89:5; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 172; ABCD, 270-271, Source E 18′; MCG, 146-147]. See also KAR 307: 33 where Marduk is said to have inscribed the constellations on the lowest of the three heavens: an-˹u<sub>2</sub>˺ ''šaplûti''(ki.ta.meš) na<sub>4</sub> ''aš-pu-u ša'' mul.<meš> ''lu-ma-ši ša'' dingir.meš ''ina muḫḫi''(ugu) ''e-ṣir'' "The lower heavens of jasper belong to the stars. He (= the sky-god Anu) has inscribed the constellations of the gods on them." [MCG, 3-4, 401, Plate 1]; see also [Horowitz 1990, 516, note 8; CAD Š/1, 343b; Landsberger 1967, 154; Oppenheim 1978, 640-641; Livingstone 1986, 82, 86; TuL 28-37], and a passage in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon Borger. Esarh. ''lu-ma''(var. adds -''a'')-''še tamšil šiṭir šumija ēsiq ṣēruššun'' "I inscribed on them (my stelae and prisms) ''lumāšu'' corresponding to the spelling of my name," quoted in [CAD L, 245b - need new edition of Esarhaddon????]. A more technical example of the term is found in the Great Star List which gives a list of 7 ''lumāšu'' (see below).
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WayneHorowitz at 10:36, 4 September 2025

2025-09-04T10:36:26Z

Sushoff at 19:43, 16 August 2025

2025-08-16T19:43:28Z

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 ==Concordance, Etymology, History==
 === Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
 LU<sub>2</sub>.MAŠ; = ''lumāšu'' (Kurtik L10 [[LU.LIM]] and L19 ''[[Lumāšu]]'') is designation of the signs of the zodiac and possibly of the zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts.  Earlier in Akkadian ''lumāšu'' occurs as a poetic term for constellations in Enuma Elish and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD L, 245; AHw, 263; MCG, 395 (index) including a literary creation to Enuma Anu Enlil Weidner [1954-1956, 89:5; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 172; ABCD, 270-271, Source E 18′; MCG, 146-147].  See also KAR 307: 33 where Marduk is said to have inscribed the constellations on the lowest of the three heavens: an-˹u<sub>2</sub>˺ ''šaplûti''(ki.ta.meš)na<sub>4</sub> ''aš-pu-u ša'' mul.<meš> ''lu-ma-ši ša'' dingir.meš ''ina muḫḫi''(ugu) ''e-ṣir'' "The lower heavens of jasper belong to the stars. He (= the sky-god Anu) has inscribed the constellations of the gods on them." [MCG, 3-4, 401, Plate 1]; see also [Horowitz 1990, 516, note 8; CAD Š/1, 343b; Landsberger 1967, 154; Oppenheim 1978, 640-641; Livingstone 1986, 82, 86; TuL 28-37], and a passage in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon  Borger. Esarh. ''lu-ma''(var. adds -''a'')-''še tamšil šiṭir šumija ēsiq ṣēruššun'' "I inscribed on them (my stelae and prisms) ''lumāšu'' corresponding to the spelling of my name," quoted in [CAD L, 245b - need new edition of Esarhaddon????].  A more technical example of the term is found in the Great Star List which gives a list of 7 ''lumāšu'' (see below).
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 |'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia".'''
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 «Большой список звезд». <sup>mul</sup>šu.gi <sup>mul</sup>ud.ka.duḫ.a <sup>mul</sup>sipa.zi.an.na <sup>mul</sup>kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>en.te.<na>.bar.ḫum <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag = 7 lu-ma-šu<sub>2</sub> [Mesop.Astrol., App. B: 226–230]; согласно [CAD L, 245], это звезды, чьи гелиакические восходы отмечали даты солнцестояний и равноденствий, что едва ли соответствует действительности. GU-текст. (D) lu-maš <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>k]ak.si.sa<sub>2</sub>, (E) lu-<maš> <sup>mul</sup>kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub> «созвездие Стрела» [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:6, 8]. Текст BM 36599+. lu<sub>2</sub>.maš — общее обозначение знаков зодиака, впервые, насколько нам известно, в лунных таблицах конца V в. до н.э. [Aaboe–Sachs 1969, 12: col. v 1]. Математическая астрономия. В эфемеридах селевкидского времени: а) lu.maš = «зодиак, знак зодиака», b) lu.maš.meš = «зодиак, знаки зодиака», с) ša<sub>2</sub> lu.maš gab-bi «для всего зодиака», d) ina murub<sub>4</sub> lu.maš gab-bi «для середины всего зодиака» [ACT II, 481b]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. lu-maš / lu-ma-šu<sub>2</sub> gab-bi  «все лумашу» [TU, 11:2, 9, 20], <sup>múl</sup>lu-ma-ši, <sup>múl</sup>lu-maš [TU, 20: 3, 13], lu-maš ša<sub>2</sub> an-e gab-bi «все лумашу неба» [TU, № 20:13], 12 lu-ma-ši u<sub>2</sub>-qat-ta «12 лумашу закончились» [TU, № 20:14], mu <sup>d</sup>lu-maš ina x sag šur-ri-i ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>lu-ma-ši u<sub>2</sub>-šar-ru-u<sub>2</sub> [TU, 20:14], lu-ma-šu<sub>2</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> iti-šu<sub>2</sub> dib-iq-ma «лумашу (= созвездие), который месяц свой прошел» (о гелиакическом восходе не в свой месяц) [Biggs 1968, 53:5], см. также [CAD L, 245b], iti.meš ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>udu.idim.meš u lu-ma-šu<sub>2</sub> «месяцы планет и лумашу» [LBAT, 1616:19], <sup>múl</sup>lu.maš [Sachs 1952, 66:6–8].
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Sushoff at 19:13, 16 August 2025

2025-08-16T19:13:36Z

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	The Great Star List gives a set of 7 constellations that are identified as ''lumāšu''.		The Great Star List gives a set of 7 constellations that are identified as ''lumāšu''.
	==~~Dictionary~~==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
	=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===		=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
	LU<sub>2</sub>.MAŠ; = ''lumāšu'' (Kurtik L10 [[LU.LIM]] and L19 ''[[Lumāšu]]'') is designation of the signs of the zodiac and possibly of the zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. Earlier in Akkadian ''lumāšu'' occurs as a poetic term for constellations in Enuma Elish and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD L, 245; AHw, 263; MCG, 395 (index) including a literary creation to Enuma Anu Enlil Weidner [1954-1956, 89:5; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 172; ABCD, 270-271, Source E 18′; MCG, 146-147]. See also KAR 307: 33 where Marduk is said to have inscribed the constellations on the lowest of the three heavens: an-˹u<sub>2</sub>˺ ''šaplûti''(ki.ta.meš)na<sub>4</sub> ''aš-pu-u ša'' mul.<meš> ''lu-ma-ši ša'' dingir.meš ''ina muḫḫi''(ugu) ''e-ṣir'' "The lower heavens of jasper belong to the stars. He (= the sky-god Anu) has inscribed the constellations of the gods on them." [MCG, 3-4, 401, Plate 1]; see also [Horowitz 1990, 516, note 8; CAD Š/1, 343b; Landsberger 1967, 154; Oppenheim 1978, 640-641; Livingstone 1986, 82, 86; TuL 28-37], and a passage in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon Borger. Esarh. ''lu-ma''(var. adds -''a'')-''še tamšil šiṭir šumija ēsiq ṣēruššun'' "I inscribed on them (my stelae and prisms) ''lumāšu'' corresponding to the spelling of my name," quoted in [CAD L, 245b - need new edition of Esarhaddon????]. A more technical example of the term is found in the Great Star List which gives a list of 7 ''lumāšu'' (see below).		LU<sub>2</sub>.MAŠ; = ''lumāšu'' (Kurtik L10 [[LU.LIM]] and L19 ''[[Lumāšu]]'') is designation of the signs of the zodiac and possibly of the zodiacal constellations in later astronomical and astrological texts. Earlier in Akkadian ''lumāšu'' occurs as a poetic term for constellations in Enuma Elish and other mythological, astrological, and literary texts [CAD L, 245; AHw, 263; MCG, 395 (index) including a literary creation to Enuma Anu Enlil Weidner [1954-1956, 89:5; Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 172; ABCD, 270-271, Source E 18′; MCG, 146-147]. See also KAR 307: 33 where Marduk is said to have inscribed the constellations on the lowest of the three heavens: an-˹u<sub>2</sub>˺ ''šaplûti''(ki.ta.meš)na<sub>4</sub> ''aš-pu-u ša'' mul.<meš> ''lu-ma-ši ša'' dingir.meš ''ina muḫḫi''(ugu) ''e-ṣir'' "The lower heavens of jasper belong to the stars. He (= the sky-god Anu) has inscribed the constellations of the gods on them." [MCG, 3-4, 401, Plate 1]; see also [Horowitz 1990, 516, note 8; CAD Š/1, 343b; Landsberger 1967, 154; Oppenheim 1978, 640-641; Livingstone 1986, 82, 86; TuL 28-37], and a passage in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon Borger. Esarh. ''lu-ma''(var. adds -''a'')-''še tamšil šiṭir šumija ēsiq ṣēruššun'' "I inscribed on them (my stelae and prisms) ''lumāšu'' corresponding to the spelling of my name," quoted in [CAD L, 245b - need new edition of Esarhaddon????]. A more technical example of the term is found in the Great Star List which gives a list of 7 ''lumāšu'' (see below).

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	<sup>mul / d</sup>LU.MAŠ (𒀯𒇻𒈦) = ''lumāšu'', is the closest term in Sumerian-Akkadian that matches English 'constellation,' i.e. a complex asterism consisting of multiple parts and numerous stars. In the late-period it has the technical meaning of a sign of the zodiac, and possibly a zodiacal constellation. Earlier in the context of Marduk organizing the ~~constellations in the~~ sky in Enuma Elish V: 1-2, the term refers to the likeness of the gods in the sky that mark off the divisions of the sky and set the parameters of the stellar calendar (Lambert 2013: 98-99 with note on p. 477, MCG 114-115).		<sup>mul / d</sup>LU.MAŠ (𒀯𒇻𒈦) = ''lumāšu'', is the closest term in Sumerian-Akkadian that matches English 'constellation,' i.e. a complex asterism consisting of multiple parts and numerous stars. In the late-period it has the technical meaning of a sign of the zodiac, and possibly a zodiacal constellation. Earlier in the context of Marduk organizing the starry sky in Enuma Elish V: 1-2, the term refers to the likeness of the gods in the sky that mark off the divisions of the sky and set the parameters of the stellar calendar (Lambert 2013: 98-99 with note on p. 477, MCG 114-115).

	The Great Star List gives a set of 7 constellations that are identified as ''lumāšu''.		The Great Star List gives a set of 7 constellations that are identified as ''lumāšu''.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
	=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===		=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
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	\|'''Late astrology, magic and the calendar.'''		\|'''Late astrology, magic and the calendar.'''
	* ''lu-maš'' / ''lu-ma-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''gab-bi'' "all the ~~lumashu~~" [TU, 11:2, 9, 20],		* ''lu-maš'' / ''lu-ma-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''gab-bi'' "all the ''lumāšu''" [TU, 11:2, 9, 20],
	* <sup>múl</sup>''lu-ma-ši'', <sup>múl</sup>''lu-maš'' [TU, 20: 3, 13],		* <sup>múl</sup>''lu-ma-ši'', <sup>múl</sup>''lu-maš'' [TU, 20: 3, 13],
	* ''lu-maš ša''<sub>2</sub> ''an-e gab-bi'' "all the ~~lumashu~~ of the sky" [TU, no. 20:13],		* ''lu-maš ša''<sub>2</sub> ''an-e gab-bi'' "all the ''lumāšu'' of the sky" [TU, no. 20:13],
	* 12 ''lu-ma-ši u''<sub>2</sub>-''qat-ta'' "12 ~~lumashu~~ ended" [TU, no. 20:14],		* 12 ''lu-ma-ši u''<sub>2</sub>-''qat-ta'' "12 ''lumāšu'' ended" [TU, no. 20:14],
	* mu <sup>d</sup>''lu-maš ina'' x sag ''šur-ri-i ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''lu-ma-ši u''<sub>2</sub>-''šar-ru-u''<sub>2</sub> [TU, 20:14],		* mu <sup>d</sup>''lu-maš ina'' x sag ''šur-ri-i ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''lu-ma-ši u''<sub>2</sub>-''šar-ru-u''<sub>2</sub> [TU, 20:14],
	* ''lu-ma-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''iti-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''dib-iq-ma'' "the ~~lumashu~~ (= constellation) that has passed its month" (about the heliacal rising not in its month) [Biggs 1968, 53:5], cf. also [CAD L, 245b],		* ''lu-ma-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''iti-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''dib-iq-ma'' "the ''lumāšu'' (= constellation) that has passed its month" (about the heliacal rising not in its month) [Biggs 1968, 53:5], cf. also [CAD L, 245b],
	* iti.meš ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>udu.idim.meš ''u lu-ma-šu''<sub>2</sub> "months of planets and ~~lumashu~~" [LBAT, 1616:19],		* iti.meš ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>udu.idim.meš ''u lu-ma-šu''<sub>2</sub> "months of planets and ''lumāšu''" [LBAT, 1616:19],
	* <sup>múl</sup>lu.maš [Sachs 1952, 66:6-8].		* <sup>múl</sup>lu.maš [Sachs 1952, 66:6-8].
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