LU2.LAL3 - Revision history

Sushoff at 18:18, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T18:18:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:18, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:OrionDawn 20250821 045442 300dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Orion at dawn, above clouds. In the upper middle of the image, west of Orion (in front of him), we see a "pair" (twins) of stars. (CC BY SMH 2025)]]		[[File:OrionDawn 20250821 045442 300dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Orion at dawn, above clouds. In the upper middle of the image, west of Orion (in front of him), we see a "pair" (twins) of stars. (CC BY SMH 2025)]]

Sushoff at 08:08, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T08:08:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:08, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	[[File:OrionDawn 20250821 045442 300dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Orion at dawn, above clouds. In the upper middle of the image, west of Orion (in front of him), we see a "pair" (twins) of stars. (CC BY SMH 2025)]]		[[File:OrionDawn 20250821 045442 300dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Orion at dawn, above clouds. In the upper middle of the image, west of Orion (in front of him), we see a "pair" (twins) of stars. (CC BY SMH 2025)]]
	<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (another one is [[Gemini]]). For references see (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].		<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (another one is [[Gemini]]). For references see (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].

Sushoff at 11:30, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T11:30:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:30, 18 December 2025
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	[[File:OrionDawn 20250821 045442 300dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Orion at dawn, above clouds. In the upper middle of the image, west of Orion (in front of him), we see a "pair" (twins) of stars. (CC BY SMH 2025)]]		[[File:OrionDawn 20250821 045442 300dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Orion at dawn, above clouds. In the upper middle of the image, west of Orion (in front of him), we see a "pair" (twins) of stars. (CC BY SMH 2025)]]
	<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (another one is [[Gemini]]). For references see (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].		<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (another one is [[Gemini]]). For references see (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
			Twin deity paired with Latarak, forming the constellation [[MAŠ.TAB.BA ša2 IGI-it SIPA.ZI.AN.NA\|<sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' ''ina'' IGI''-it'' <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]] (Kurtik m19) [G. 246; Lambert 1988].

	~~===Krebernik (2023)===~~		'''Lulal & Latarak.''' A pair of gods, often identified with each other; originally related to Inanna (as her sons), in 1st mill. texts mainly attested as demons whose figurines were buried at doorways for protective purposes. <sup>d</sup>''La-ta-ra-ak'' (EN 10r). <sup>d</sup>''Lú-làl'' ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''La-ta-ra-ak'' (AN 8–9r).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>
	'''Lulal & Latarak.''' A pair of gods, often identified with each other; originally related to Inanna (as her sons), in 1st mill. texts mainly attested as demons whose figurines were buried at doorways for protective purposes. <sup>d</sup>''La-ta-ra-ak'' (EN 10r). <sup>d</sup>''Lú-làl'' ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''La-ta-ra-ak'' (AN 8–9r).

	~~===Kurtik with Hilder,~~ Hoffmann, ~~Horowitz~~, ~~Kim ===~~
	~~Twin deity paired with Latarak~~, ~~forming the constellation [[MAŠ~~.~~TAB~~.~~BA ša2 IGI-it SIPA~~.ZI.AN.~~NA\|<sup>mul</sup>MAŠ~~.~~TAB~~.~~BA ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' ''ina'' IGI''~~-~~it'' <sup>mul~~</~~sup~~>~~SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]] (Kurtik m19) [G. 246; Lambert 1988].~~

	====I. Sources and Identification(s) ====		====Sources and Identification(s) ====
	See (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].		See (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].
	====Stars within the Constellation Area====		====Stars within the Constellation Area====
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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	====~~II.~~ Deity.====		====Deity.====
	The name of this deity has been known since the third dynasty of Ur. Among his epithets are "eminent," "first"; he is characterized as a warrior and as the one who takes care of livestock. In the Neo-Assyrian period, clay figurines of Lulal were buried for protective purposes in gate openings. Sometimes identified with Latarak, but in an astronomical context they are always two separate deities each being a single-star in a larger asterism. [Black-Green 1992, 116; Lambert 1988; Tallqvist 1938, 349; Wiggermann 1992, 63-64].		The name of this deity has been known since the third dynasty of Ur. Among his epithets are "eminent," "first"; he is characterized as a warrior and as the one who takes care of livestock. In the Neo-Assyrian period, clay figurines of Lulal were buried for protective purposes in gate openings. Sometimes identified with Latarak, but in an astronomical context they are always two separate deities each being a single-star in a larger asterism. [Black-Green 1992, 116; Lambert 1988; Tallqvist 1938, 349; Wiggermann 1992, 63-64].

	====~~III.~~ Symbol. ====		====Symbol. ====
	An anthropomorphic, clothed, and bearded figure with his right hand raised, which apparently held a weapon(?). For damaged clay images from the Neo-Assyrian period see. [Green 1983, 92, Plate XIc; Wiggermann 1992, 63-64]. For a description of "the twins who (stands) opposite to the True Shepherd" one of whom is Lulal, in MLC 1866, see (Kurtik m19) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA]], III.		An anthropomorphic, clothed, and bearded figure with his right hand raised, which apparently held a weapon(?). For damaged clay images from the Neo-Assyrian period see. [Green 1983, 92, Plate XIc; Wiggermann 1992, 63-64]. For a description of "the twins who (stands) opposite to the True Shepherd" one of whom is Lulal, in MLC 1866, see (Kurtik m19) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA]], III.

	====~~IV.~~ Identification.====		====Identification.====
	See (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']], (Kurtik m19) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA ša2 IGI-it SIPA.ZI.AN.NA\|MAŠ.TAB.BA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> IGI-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]], IV.		See (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']], (Kurtik m19) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA ša2 IGI-it SIPA.ZI.AN.NA\|MAŠ.TAB.BA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> IGI-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]], IV.

Sushoff at 21:22, 3 December 2025

2025-12-03T21:22:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:22, 3 December 2025
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	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
			[[Category:Ori]]

Sushoff at 10:35, 24 November 2025

2025-11-24T10:35:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:35, 24 November 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}

			[[File:OrionDawn 20250821 045442 300dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Orion at dawn, above clouds. In the upper middle of the image, west of Orion (in front of him), we see a "pair" (twins) of stars. (CC BY SMH 2025)]]
	<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (another one is [[Gemini]]). For references see (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].		<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (another one is [[Gemini]]). For references see (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==

Sushoff at 16:11, 23 November 2025

2025-11-23T16:11:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:11, 23 November 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}

	<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (~~gemeni~~). For references see (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].		<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (another one is [[Gemini]]). For references see (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==

Sushoff at 16:09, 23 November 2025

2025-11-23T16:09:24Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}
-<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (gemeni).  For references see l05 [[Lātarāk|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].
+<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (gemeni).  For references see (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].
 ==Concordance, Etymology, History==
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 Twin deity paired with Latarak, forming the constellation [[MAŠ.TAB.BA ša2 IGI-it SIPA.ZI.AN.NA|<sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' ''ina'' IGI''-it'' <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]] (Kurtik m19) [G. 246; Lambert 1988].
-====I. Sources====
+====I. Sources and Identification(s) ====
 See (Kurtik L05) [[Lātarāk|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].
 ===Additional===

Sushoff at 19:14, 16 August 2025

2025-08-16T19:14:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:14, 16 August 2025
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	<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (gemeni). For references see l05 [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].		<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (gemeni). For references see l05 [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].
	==~~Dictionary~~==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==

	===Krebernik (2023)===		===Krebernik (2023)===

WayneHorowitz: Please look at my changes at Additional-Deity. Is the astronomical sentence at the end appropriate and necessary.

2025-08-04T08:32:53Z

Please look at my changes at Additional-Deity. Is the astronomical sentence at the end appropriate and necessary.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:32, 4 August 2025
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	====II. Deity.====		====II. Deity.====
	The name of this deity has been known since the third dynasty of Ur. Among his epithets are "eminent," "first"; he is characterized as a warrior and as the one who takes care of livestock. In the Neo-Assyrian period, clay figurines of Lulal were buried for protective purposes in gate openings. Sometimes identified with Latarak, but in an astronomical context they are always ~~different~~ deities ~~forming one constellation~~ [Black-Green 1992, 116; Lambert 1988; Tallqvist 1938, 349; Wiggermann 1992, 63-64].		The name of this deity has been known since the third dynasty of Ur. Among his epithets are "eminent," "first"; he is characterized as a warrior and as the one who takes care of livestock. In the Neo-Assyrian period, clay figurines of Lulal were buried for protective purposes in gate openings. Sometimes identified with Latarak, but in an astronomical context they are always two separate deities each being a single-star in a larger asterism. [Black-Green 1992, 116; Lambert 1988; Tallqvist 1938, 349; Wiggermann 1992, 63-64].

	====III. Symbol. ====		====III. Symbol. ====

WayneHorowitz at 14:04, 31 July 2025

2025-07-31T14:04:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 31 July 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub>}}

	<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (gemeni). For references see l		<sup>d</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.LAL<sub>3</sub> (𒀭𒇽𒋭) is often paired with <sup>d</sup>Latarak as one of seven Mesopotamian astral twins (gemeni). For references see l05 [[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>''Lātarāk'']].
	==Dictionary==		==Dictionary==