Leidian - Revision history

Sushoff at 06:38, 16 September 2026

2026-09-16T06:38:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:38, 16 September 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
			[[File:Leidian profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Leidian profile card (CC BY M.Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU WGSN).]]
	{{Infobox constellation		{{Infobox constellation
	\| name = Leidian		\| name = Leidian
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	\| cat = IAU-Star Name		\| cat = IAU-Star Name
	}}		}}
			[[File:Leidian stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|thumb\|Leidian stick figure (CC BY M.Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU WGSN).]]
	Léi Diàn (Thunder and Lightning, 雷電) is a six-star Chinese asterism belonging to the outer asterisms of the Gan school. It lies south of [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Yingshi]]. Although modern reconstructions of its membership and outline vary, all major identifications place it in the present-day constellation [[Pegasus]]. This asterism might have been created in late Western Han. Its primary image is thunder and lightning. In the same sector of the sky, it forms a meteorological cluster with Pīlì (Thunderclap) and Yúnyǔ (Cloud and Rain).		Léi Diàn (Thunder and Lightning, 雷電) is a six-star Chinese asterism belonging to the outer asterisms of the Gan school. It lies south of [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Yingshi]]. Although modern reconstructions of its membership and outline vary, all major identifications place it in the present-day constellation [[Pegasus]]. This asterism might have been created in late Western Han. Its primary image is thunder and lightning. In the same sector of the sky, it forms a meteorological cluster with Pīlì (Thunderclap) and Yúnyǔ (Cloud and Rain).

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	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Leidian" was proposed to be used for the star '''ρ Peg''', as it is one of the brighter stars in this constellation, and considered by some to be its determinative star.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Leidian" was proposed to be used for the star '''ρ Peg''', as it is one of the brighter stars in this constellation, and considered by some to be its determinative star.

	In August 2026, the name '''Leidian''' was adopted by IAU WGSN for the star designated [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=rho+Peg ρ Peg (50 Peg, HR 8717, HD 216735, HIP 113186)]. Leidian has an apparent V magnitude of 4.91 star and lies 89 parsecs away. The star is a spectral type A1IV standard star, and it is nearly a twin in terms of brightness, spectrum, and distance compared to another naked eye star in Pegasus -- omicron Peg. While the star has not had any stellar or planetary companion reported, multiple studies have reported that the long-term proper motion of the star is clearly perturbed ([https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AJ....129.2420M/abstract Makarov & Kaplan 2005], [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A%26A...464..377F/abstract Frankowski et al. 2007], [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. 2022]). [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. (2022)] estimate that between the mean epoch of Hipparcos (1991.25) and Gaia DR3 (2016), the tangential motion of ρ Peg had shifted by about 3.5 kilometers per second over that ~25 year interval.		In August 2026, the name '''Leidian''' was adopted by IAU WGSN for the star designated [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=rho+Peg ρ Peg (50 Peg, HR 8717, HD 216735, HIP 113186)]. Leidian has an apparent V magnitude of 4.91 star and lies 89 parsecs away. The star is a spectral type A1IV standard star, and it is nearly a twin in terms of brightness, spectrum, and distance compared to another naked eye star in Pegasus -- omicron Peg. While the star has not had any stellar or planetary companion reported, multiple studies have reported that the long-term proper motion of the star is clearly perturbed ([https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AJ....129.2420M/abstract Makarov & Kaplan 2005], [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A%26A...464..377F/abstract Frankowski et al. 2007], [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. 2022]). [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. (2022)] estimate that between the mean epoch of Hipparcos (1991.25) and Gaia DR3 (2016), the tangential motion of ρ Peg had shifted by about 3.5 kilometers per second over that ~25 year interval. <gallery>
			File:Leidian profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|(CC BY M.Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU WGSN).
			File:Leidian stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg\|(CC BY M.Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU WGSN).
			</gallery>

	==References ==		==References ==

Boshunyang: /* Concordance, Etymology, History */

2026-09-06T13:22:32Z

Concordance, Etymology, History

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 6 September 2026
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	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
	The two elements of the name already distinguished sound from light in early lexical thought. The ''Shuowen jiezi'' 說文解字explains the archaic graph 靁 as the movement caused when ''yin'' and ''yang'' press against one another, with 畾 evoking a revolving form; it defines 電 as the flash produced by the excitation of ''yin'' and ''yang''. The Eastern Han ''Shiming''釋名 gives phonetic glosses: thunder (léi) resembles the rumble of objects turning against an obstruction, while lightning (diàn) ~~is so called because it~~ vanishes as soon as it appears. These are not modern meteorology, but they show a clear conceptual pairing of two related yet distinct phenomena.		The two elements of the name already distinguished sound from light in early lexical thought. The ''Shuowen jiezi'' 說文解字explains the archaic graph 靁 as the movement caused when ''yin'' and ''yang'' press against one another, with 畾 evoking a revolving form; it defines 電 as the flash produced by the excitation of ''yin'' and ''yang''. The Eastern Han ''Shiming''釋名 gives phonetic glosses: thunder (léi) resembles the rumble of objects turning against an obstruction, while lightning (diàn) vanishes as soon as it appears. These are not modern meteorology, but they show a clear conceptual pairing of two related yet distinct phenomena.
	[[File:The Thunder Lord Beating a Drum in a Han-Dynasty Pictorial Stone Relief from Wubaizhuang, Linyi, Shandong.jpeg\|thumb\|The Thunder Lord Beating a Drum in a Han-Dynasty Pictorial Stone Relief from Wubaizhuang, Linyi, Shandong]]		[[File:The Thunder Lord Beating a Drum in a Han-Dynasty Pictorial Stone Relief from Wubaizhuang, Linyi, Shandong.jpeg\|thumb\|The Thunder Lord Beating a Drum in a Han-Dynasty Pictorial Stone Relief from Wubaizhuang, Linyi, Shandong]]
	Because thunder is invisible, it was rendered through the tangible technology of the drum. In the Eastern Han ''Lunheng''論衡, Wang Chong王充 reports that painters represented thunder as a string of connected drums and portrayed Leigong, the Thunder Lord, as a strongman pulling the drums with one hand and striking them with a mallet in the other. Wang’s purpose was to refute a literal divine-drum explanation, but his criticism preserves evidence for a visual convention: by the Eastern Han, the Thunder Lord, linked drums, and the striking mallet formed a recognizable image. The asterism thus stood between two modes of knowledge—natural interaction between ''yin'' and ''yang'', and a materialized image of drums, divinity, and heavenly authority.		Because thunder is invisible, it was rendered through the tangible technology of the drum. In the Eastern Han ''Lunheng''論衡, Wang Chong王充 reports that painters represented thunder as a string of connected drums and portrayed Leigong, the Thunder Lord, as a strongman pulling the drums with one hand and striking them with a mallet in the other. Wang’s purpose was to refute a literal divine-drum explanation, but his criticism preserves evidence for a visual convention: by the Eastern Han, the Thunder Lord, linked drums, and the striking mallet formed a recognizable image. The asterism thus stood between two modes of knowledge—natural interaction between ''yin'' and ''yang'', and a materialized image of drums, divinity, and heavenly authority.

Ericmamajek: update on adoption of name and characteristics of star

2026-09-06T07:50:53Z

update on adoption of name and characteristics of star

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:50, 6 September 2026
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	\|[[File:Leidian in 18th century in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Leidian in 18th century in Stellarium]]		\|[[File:Leidian in 18th century in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Leidian in 18th century in Stellarium]]
	\|}		\|}


	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Leidian" was ~~suggested~~ to be used for '''ρ Peg''' in this constellation, ~~for it is relatively brighter~~ and ~~was~~ its determinative star.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Leidian" was proposed to be used for the star '''ρ Peg''', as it is one of the brighter stars in this constellation, and considered by some to be its determinative star.

	~~Decision~~: ...		In August 2026, the name '''Leidian''' was adopted by IAU WGSN for the star designated [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=rho+Peg ρ Peg (50 Peg, HR 8717, HD 216735, HIP 113186)]. Leidian has an apparent V magnitude of 4.91 star and lies 89 parsecs away. The star is a spectral type A1IV standard star, and it is nearly a twin in terms of brightness, spectrum, and distance compared to another naked eye star in Pegasus -- omicron Peg. While the star has not had any stellar or planetary companion reported, multiple studies have reported that the long-term proper motion of the star is clearly perturbed ([https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AJ....129.2420M/abstract Makarov & Kaplan 2005], [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A%26A...464..377F/abstract Frankowski et al. 2007], [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. 2022]). [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A%26A...657A...7K/abstract Kervella et al. (2022)] estimate that between the mean epoch of Hipparcos (1991.25) and Gaia DR3 (2016), the tangential motion of ρ Peg had shifted by about 3.5 kilometers per second over that ~25 year interval.

	==References ==		==References ==

IanRidpath: Removed superfluous lines and repeated text

2026-08-19T15:53:48Z

Removed superfluous lines and repeated text

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 19 August 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|1st		\|1st
			\| valign="center" \|σ Peg (determinative）
			\| valign="center" \|σ Peg (determinative）
			\| valign="center" \|σ Peg determinative）
			\| valign="center" \|σ Peg (determinative）
	\| valign="center" \|σ Peg		\| valign="center" \|σ Peg
			\| valign="center" \|ζ Peg (42 Peg)
	~~（determinative）~~
	~~\| valign="center" \|σ Peg~~

	~~（determinative）~~
	~~\| valign="center" \|σ Peg~~

	~~（determinative）~~
	~~\| valign="center" \|σ Peg~~

	~~（determinative）~~
	~~\| valign="center" \|σ Peg~~
	\| valign="center" \|ζ Peg

	(42 Peg)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2nd		\|2nd
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	\| valign="center" \|HIP 113445		\| valign="center" \|HIP 113445
	\| valign="center" \|52 Peg		\| valign="center" \|52 Peg
	\| valign="center" \|ρ Peg		\| valign="center" \|ρ Peg (determinative）
			\| valign="center" \|ξ Peg (46 Peg)
	~~（determinative）~~
	\| valign="center" \|ξ Peg

	(46 Peg)
	\|-		\|-
	\|3rd		\|3rd
	\| valign="center" \|55 Peg		\| valign="center" \|55 Peg
	\| valign="center" \|ρ Peg		\| valign="center" \|ρ Peg (50 Peg)
			\| valign="center" \|ρ Peg (50 Peg)
	(50 Peg)
	\| valign="center" \|ρ Peg

	(50 Peg)
	\| valign="center" \|55 Peg		\| valign="center" \|55 Peg
	\| valign="center" \|59 Peg		\| valign="center" \|59 Peg
	\| valign="center" \|σ Peg		\| valign="center" \|σ Peg (49 Peg)

	(49 Peg)
	\|-		\|-
	\|4th		\|4th
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	!same in Stellarium		!same in Stellarium
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[File:Leidian inLeidian in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.jpg\|thumb\|Leidian ~~inLeidian~~ in ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'']]		\|[[File:Leidian inLeidian in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.jpg\|thumb\|Leidian in ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'']]
	\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Leidian before Tang dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang.jpg\|thumb\|Leidian before Tang dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang]]		\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Leidian before Tang dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang.jpg\|thumb\|Leidian before Tang dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang]]
	\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Leidian before Tang dynasty in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|'''Leidian before Tang dynasty in Stellarium''']]		\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Leidian before Tang dynasty in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|'''Leidian before Tang dynasty in Stellarium''']]

IanRidpath: Copy edit

2026-08-19T15:50:38Z

Copy edit

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 19 August 2026
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	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===
	Leidian underwent a substantial change in membership. Yang Boshun dates the major alteration to the Huangyou period (~~1049-1054~~ CE) of the Northern Song and distinguishes an early to Jingyou pattern from the Huangyou pattern; Yi Shitong’s Qing numbering represents another catalogue tradition influenced by European astronomy.		Leidian underwent a substantial change in membership. Yang Boshun dates the major alteration to the Huangyou period (1049–1054 CE) of the Northern Song and distinguishes an early to Jingyou pattern from the Huangyou pattern; Yi Shitong’s Qing numbering represents another catalogue tradition influenced by European astronomy.


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	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Leidian" was suggested to be used for '''ρ Peg''' in this constellation, for it is relatively brighter and was determinative star.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Leidian" was suggested to be used for '''ρ Peg''' in this constellation, for it is relatively brighter and was its determinative star.

	Decision: ...		Decision: ...

ASEtech: infobox

2026-08-19T07:10:30Z

infobox

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
-----Léi Diàn (Thunder and Lightning, 雷電) is a six-star Chinese asterism belonging to the outer asterisms of the Gan school. It lies south of [[Yingshi and Ligong|Yingshi]]. Although modern reconstructions of its membership and outline vary, all major identifications place it in the present-day constellation [[Pegasus]]. This asterism might have been created in late Western Han. Its primary image is thunder and lightning. In the same sector of the sky, it forms a meteorological cluster with Pīlì (Thunderclap) and Yúnyǔ (Cloud and Rain).
+----
 Since August 2026, Leidian is also a modern IAU-star name; it refers to the star ρ Peg in [[Pegasus]].

Sushoff at 12:31, 16 August 2026

2026-08-16T12:31:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 16 August 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE: Leidian (雷電)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: Leidian (雷電)}}

	~~{{distinguish\|}}~~

	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----Léi Diàn (Thunder and Lightning, 雷電) is a six-star Chinese asterism belonging to the outer asterisms of the Gan school. It lies south of [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Yingshi]]. Although modern reconstructions of its membership and outline vary, all major identifications place it in the present-day constellation [[Pegasus]]. This asterism might have been created in late Western Han. Its primary image is thunder and lightning. In the same sector of the sky, it forms a meteorological cluster with Pīlì (Thunderclap) and Yúnyǔ (Cloud and Rain).		----Léi Diàn (Thunder and Lightning, 雷電) is a six-star Chinese asterism belonging to the outer asterisms of the Gan school. It lies south of [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Yingshi]]. Although modern reconstructions of its membership and outline vary, all major identifications place it in the present-day constellation [[Pegasus]]. This asterism might have been created in late Western Han. Its primary image is thunder and lightning. In the same sector of the sky, it forms a meteorological cluster with Pīlì (Thunderclap) and Yúnyǔ (Cloud and Rain).

			Since August 2026, Leidian is also a modern IAU-star name; it refers to the star ρ Peg in [[Pegasus]].

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==

Sushoff at 12:29, 16 August 2026

2026-08-16T12:29:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:29, 16 August 2026
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	[[Category:Asterism ]][[Category:Constellation ~~]][[Category:Single star-asterism~~]]		[[Category:Asterism ]][[Category:Constellation ]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:East Asian]]		[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:East Asian]]
	[[Category:Chinese ]]		[[Category:Chinese ]]
	[[Category: Peg]]		[[Category:Peg]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]]

Sushoff at 11:57, 12 August 2026

2026-08-12T11:57:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:57, 12 August 2026
Line 4:		Line 4:

	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----Léi Diàn (Thunder and Lightning, 雷電) is a six-star Chinese asterism belonging to the outer asterisms of the Gan school. It lies south of [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Yingshi]]. Although modern reconstructions of its membership and outline ~~varies~~, all major identifications place it in the present-day constellation [[Pegasus]]. This asterism might be created in late Western Han. Its primary image is thunder and lightning. In the same sector of the sky it forms a meteorological cluster with Pīlì (Thunderclap) and Yúnyǔ (Cloud and Rain).		----Léi Diàn (Thunder and Lightning, 雷電) is a six-star Chinese asterism belonging to the outer asterisms of the Gan school. It lies south of [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Yingshi]]. Although modern reconstructions of its membership and outline vary, all major identifications place it in the present-day constellation [[Pegasus]]. This asterism might have been created in late Western Han. Its primary image is thunder and lightning. In the same sector of the sky, it forms a meteorological cluster with Pīlì (Thunderclap) and Yúnyǔ (Cloud and Rain).

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
Line 12:		Line 12:

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===
	Leidian underwent a substantial change in membership. Yang Boshun dates the major alteration to the Huangyou period of the Northern Song and distinguishes an early to Jingyou pattern from the Huangyou pattern; Yi Shitong’s Qing numbering represents another catalogue tradition influenced by European astronomy.		Leidian underwent a substantial change in membership. Yang Boshun dates the major alteration to the Huangyou period (1049-1054 CE) of the Northern Song and distinguishes an early to Jingyou pattern from the Huangyou pattern; Yi Shitong’s Qing numbering represents another catalogue tradition influenced by European astronomy.



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	The configurations of '''Leidian''' depicted in the three early star maps share a common pattern, whereas the Suzhou star map, engraved in the thirteenth century during the Song dynasty, begins to show noticeable changes.		The configurations of '''Leidian''' depicted in the three early star maps share a common pattern, whereas the Suzhou star map, engraved in the thirteenth century during the Song dynasty, begins to show noticeable changes.

	When European Jesuits in the late Ming dynasty(1630s) reidentified this asterism on the basis of European star catalogues, they not only assigned different constituent stars to it but also failed to reconstruct it in full, leaving three stars unaccounted for. Jesuits in the Qing dynasty restored the asterism to its full complement, although their identification of its stars had already diverged from the traditional one.		When European Jesuits in the late Ming dynasty (1630s) reidentified this asterism on the basis of European star catalogues, they not only assigned different constituent stars to it but also failed to reconstruct it in full, leaving three stars unaccounted for. Jesuits in the Qing dynasty restored the asterism to its full complement, although their identification of its stars had already diverged from the traditional one.

	Moreover, although the star maps in the ''Xin Yixiang Fayao'' used by Pan Nai ultimately derive from the Song dynasty, they actually belong to a revised Qing-dynasty edition and therefore display a high degree of similarity to eighteenth-century versions.		Moreover, although the star maps in the ''Xin Yixiang Fayao'' used by Pan Nai ultimately derive from the Song dynasty, they actually belong to a revised Qing-dynasty edition and therefore display a high degree of similarity to eighteenth-century versions.

Boshunyang: /* Maps (Gallery) */

2026-08-10T07:06:10Z

Maps (Gallery)

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:06, 10 August 2026
Line 97:		Line 97:
	The configurations of '''Leidian''' depicted in the three early star maps share a common pattern, whereas the Suzhou star map, engraved in the thirteenth century during the Song dynasty, begins to show noticeable changes.		The configurations of '''Leidian''' depicted in the three early star maps share a common pattern, whereas the Suzhou star map, engraved in the thirteenth century during the Song dynasty, begins to show noticeable changes.

	When European Jesuits in the late Ming dynasty reidentified this asterism on the basis of European star catalogues, they not only assigned different constituent stars to it but also failed to reconstruct it in full, leaving three stars unaccounted for. Jesuits in the Qing dynasty restored the asterism to its full complement, although their identification of its stars had already diverged from the traditional one.		When European Jesuits in the late Ming dynasty(1630s) reidentified this asterism on the basis of European star catalogues, they not only assigned different constituent stars to it but also failed to reconstruct it in full, leaving three stars unaccounted for. Jesuits in the Qing dynasty restored the asterism to its full complement, although their identification of its stars had already diverged from the traditional one.

	Moreover, although the star maps in the ''Xin Yixiang Fayao'' used by Pan Nai ultimately derive from the Song dynasty, they actually belong to a revised Qing-dynasty edition and therefore display a high degree of similarity to eighteenth-century versions.		Moreover, although the star maps in the ''Xin Yixiang Fayao'' used by Pan Nai ultimately derive from the Song dynasty, they actually belong to a revised Qing-dynasty edition and therefore display a high degree of similarity to eighteenth-century versions.