Lembu - Revision history

Sushoff at 12:13, 18 March 2026

2026-03-18T12:13:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:13, 18 March 2026
Line 7:		Line 7:

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	Lembu (IPA: [ləmˈbu]) is inherited from the Malay, Proto-Mon-Khmer meaning cow, ox.		Lembu (IPA: [ləmˈbu]) is inherited from the Malay, Proto-Mon-Khmer meaning cow, bull, ox: it is an animal that is used by farmers to plow the acres and for which all sexes are possible (male, female and even the castrated form). The constellation depictions in Balinese calendar schemas called Palelintangan always show a complete animal but the sex cannot be determined: it only matters that this animal does the hard work in the field and comes from the biological species of “bos taurus” or “bos indicus”; even buffalos (species “bubalus”) are included in this term.

	=== Spelling Variants ===		=== Spelling Variants ===

YoulaAzkarrula: /* References */

2026-03-04T11:05:19Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 4 March 2026
Line 69:		Line 69:

	=== Numerology (Neptu/Urip) ===		=== Numerology (Neptu/Urip) ===
	Coma (Monday, in saptawara) has a value of 4 and Wage (in pancawara) has a value of 4. Thus, the total urip on this lintang is 8.<ref name=":0">Tim Kajian Palelintangan, “Gabungan Kajian Palelintangan,” Museum Bali (2021), 1-149.</ref>		Coma (Monday, in saptawara) has a value of 4 and Wage (in pancawara) has a value of 4. Thus, the total urip on this lintang is 8.<ref name=":0">Palelintangan Museum Study Team (Tim Kajian Palelintangan Museum), “Gabungan Kajian Palelintangan,” Museum Bali (2021), 1-149.</ref>

	=== Astrological Characteristics ===		=== Astrological Characteristics ===

YoulaAzkarrula: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2026-03-04T08:49:24Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:49, 4 March 2026
Line 910:		Line 910:

	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In November 2025, it has been proposed to use the name "Lembu" for a star in the area to preserve the Balinese heritage. The star ~~Lambda~~ Tau or HIP ~~18724~~ is in its stomach which was selected because in the cremation ceremony (Ngaben), the corpse is placed inside a statue of Lembu, particularly the stomach, as this area has the largest cavity. The statue is then burned until it is reduced to ashes. Constellation Lembu is mentioned in Palelintangan Prasi, dating roughly 700 CE, and is still used in Bali.		In November 2025, it has been proposed to use the name "Lembu" for a star in the area to preserve the Balinese heritage. The star del02 Tau or HIP 20542 is in its neck part. Constellation Lembu is mentioned in Palelintangan Prasi, dating roughly 700 CE, and is still used in Bali.

	== References ==		== References ==

IanRidpath: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */ Capitalization

2026-02-25T15:06:02Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names: Capitalization

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:06, 25 February 2026
Line 910:		Line 910:

	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In November 2025, it has been proposed to use the name "Lembu" for a star in the area to preserve the Balinese heritage. The star ~~lam~~ Tau or HIP 18724 is in its stomach which was selected because in the cremation ceremony (Ngaben), the corpse is placed inside a statue of Lembu, particularly the stomach, as this area has the largest cavity. The statue is then burned until it is reduced to ashes. Constellation Lembu is mentioned in Palelintangan Prasi, dating roughly 700 CE, and is still used in Bali.		In November 2025, it has been proposed to use the name "Lembu" for a star in the area to preserve the Balinese heritage. The star Lambda Tau or HIP 18724 is in its stomach which was selected because in the cremation ceremony (Ngaben), the corpse is placed inside a statue of Lembu, particularly the stomach, as this area has the largest cavity. The statue is then burned until it is reduced to ashes. Constellation Lembu is mentioned in Palelintangan Prasi, dating roughly 700 CE, and is still used in Bali.
	== References ==		== References ==

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Identification */

2026-02-05T11:00:24Z

Identification

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:00, 5 February 2026
Line 23:		Line 23:
	==== Identification ====		==== Identification ====
	The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />		The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />
			[[File:Screenshot 2026-02-05 114717.png\|center\|thumb\|800x800px\|Lembu in the identification table by Maaß (1929). He mentioned "der Stier" which means "the Taurus".]]
			Maaß (1929), p. 142:<blockquote>lembu; - lembu; -,- ein Rind, ein weisser Stier.</blockquote>'''English:''' lembu; - lembu; -,- a cow, a white bull.

	Maaß (1929), p. 142: <blockquote>lembu; - lembu; -,- ein Rind, ein weisser Stier.</blockquote>'''English:''' lembu; - lembu; -,- a cow, a white bull.
	~~[[File:Screenshot 2026-02-05 114717.png\|center\|thumb\|800x800px\|Lembu in the identification table by Maaß (1929). He mentioned "der Stier" which means "the Taurus".]]~~

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===

YoulaAzkarrula: /* References */

2026-02-05T10:59:43Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:59, 5 February 2026
Line 4:		Line 4:
	[[File:Lembu.png\|thumb\|Lintang Lembu in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]		[[File:Lembu.png\|thumb\|Lintang Lembu in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]
	[[File:Stellarium-20250920-122136092.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Lembu (an ox), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]		[[File:Stellarium-20250920-122136092.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Lembu (an ox), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]
	Lěmbu is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of lěmbu is found in intersection of Coma (Monday, in saptawara) and Wage (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang lěmbu means ox constellation.<ref>Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>		Lěmbu is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of lěmbu is found in intersection of Coma (Monday, in saptawara) and Wage (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang lěmbu means ox constellation.<ref name=":1">Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
Line 23:		Line 23:
	==== Identification ====		==== Identification ====
	The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />		The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />



	Maaß (1929), p. 142: <blockquote>lembu; - lembu; -,- ein Rind, ein weisser Stier.</blockquote>'''English:''' lembu; - lembu; -,- a cow, a white bull.		Maaß (1929), p. 142: <blockquote>lembu; - lembu; -,- ein Rind, ein weisser Stier.</blockquote>'''English:''' lembu; - lembu; -,- a cow, a white bull.
			[[File:Screenshot 2026-02-05 114717.png\|center\|thumb\|800x800px\|Lembu in the identification table by Maaß (1929). He mentioned "der Stier" which means "the Taurus".]]

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===
Line 910:		Line 913:
	\|}		\|}

			== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
			In November 2025, it has been proposed to use the name "Lembu" for a star in the area to preserve the Balinese heritage. The star lam Tau or HIP 18724 is in its stomach which was selected because in the cremation ceremony (Ngaben), the corpse is placed inside a statue of Lembu, particularly the stomach, as this area has the largest cavity. The statue is then burned until it is reduced to ashes. Constellation Lembu is mentioned in Palelintangan Prasi, dating roughly 700 CE, and is still used in Bali.
	== References ==		== References ==

YoulaAzkarrula at 15:41, 4 February 2026

2026-02-04T15:41:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 4 February 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
			[[File:LintangLEMBU.jpg\|thumb\|Lintang Lembu in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.752)]]
	[[File:Lembu.png\|thumb\|Lintang Lembu in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]		[[File:Lembu.png\|thumb\|Lintang Lembu in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]
	[[File:Stellarium-20250920-122136092.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Lembu (an ox), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]		[[File:Stellarium-20250920-122136092.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Lembu (an ox), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Image Variants */

2026-01-29T22:53:08Z

Image Variants

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:53, 29 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
			[[File:Lembu.png\|thumb\|Lintang Lembu in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]
	[[File:Stellarium-20250920-122136092.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Lembu (an ox), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]		[[File:Stellarium-20250920-122136092.png\|thumb\|Balinese constellation: Lembu (an ox), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)]]
	Lěmbu is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of lěmbu is found in intersection of Coma (Monday, in saptawara) and Wage (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang lěmbu means ox constellation.<ref>Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>		Lěmbu is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of lěmbu is found in intersection of Coma (Monday, in saptawara) and Wage (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang lěmbu means ox constellation.<ref>Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>
Line 60:		Line 61:
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Lembu.png\|Lintang Lembu (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)		File:Lembu.png\|Lintang Lembu (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)
	File:Lintang Lembu.~~png~~\|Lintang Lembu in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali)		File:LinLEMBU.jpg\|Lintang Lembu in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.746)
			File:LintangLEMBU.jpg\|Lintang Lembu in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.752)
	File:Lintang Lembu2.jpg\|Lintang Lembu (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula taken in the ceiling of Taman Gili Klungkung Palace Bali)		File:Lintang Lembu2.jpg\|Lintang Lembu (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula taken in the ceiling of Taman Gili Klungkung Palace Bali)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff at 14:30, 29 January 2026

2026-01-29T14:30:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:30, 29 January 2026
Line 20:		Line 20:

	==== Identification ====		==== Identification ====
	The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />		The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />

			Maaß (1929), p. 142: <blockquote>lembu; - lembu; -,- ein Rind, ein weisser Stier.</blockquote>'''English:''' lembu; - lembu; -,- a cow, a white bull.

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===

Sushoff at 13:18, 29 January 2026

2026-01-29T13:18:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:18, 29 January 2026
Line 13:		Line 13:
	=== Origin of Constellation ===		=== Origin of Constellation ===
	Lembu is a sacred animal in Bali. Although not as sacred as in India, Lembu still have an important place in traditional ceremonies, especially as a symbol of fertility, strength, and perseverance. In some villages, Lembu are used in agricultural rituals such as traditional ploughing of fields, which contains the meaning of respect for nature. In addition, the majority of Hindus do not eat cows because cows are the mounts of the god Shiva.		Lembu is a sacred animal in Bali. Although not as sacred as in India, Lembu still have an important place in traditional ceremonies, especially as a symbol of fertility, strength, and perseverance. In some villages, Lembu are used in agricultural rituals such as traditional ploughing of fields, which contains the meaning of respect for nature. In addition, the majority of Hindus do not eat cows because cows are the mounts of the god Shiva.

			==== General information ====

			[[File:AlfredMaas1929 Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen ocr IdentTab cut.jpg\|thumb\|Identification of Balinese constellations (Maaß 1929, appendix). ]]
			The astronomical identification of the constellation is taken from Maaß (1929)<ref name=":1" /> who explains in general that these constellations and the according ritual practice <blockquote>"sind seit alten Zeiten in einem Werk ,,wariga" niedergelegt, in dem wir zwei Kulturschichten, nämlich indische unq malaio-polynesische Bestandteile wiederfinden." </blockquote><blockquote>'''English:''' "are written down in a work called "wariga" since old times; there we recognise two cultural layers, i.e. the Indian and the Malayo-Polynesian."</blockquote>He also quotes other scholars<ref>Friedrich, R. (1849). Voorloopig verslag van het eiland Bali, Batavia, Verb. Bat Gen. Deel 23, Nr. 13</ref><ref>HINLOOPEN LABBERT0N, D. VAN (1910). Geillustreerd handboek van Insulinde. Amsterdam: "Vivat"</ref><ref>PIGEAUD, TH. (1925). Een stuk over sterrenkunde uit het Anggastyaparwwa ...... Weltevreden: Albrecht. Tijdsch. v. lnd, T.-, L.- en Vk. deel LXV</ref><ref>Nieuwenkamp, W. O. J. (1905), Schetsen van Bali en Lombok. (Eigen Haard)</ref> and his earlier work<ref>MAASS, ALFRED (1920). Sterne und Sternbilder im malaiischen Archipel. Berlin. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie Jg. 1920/21, H. 1</ref><ref>MAASS, ALFRED (1924). Sternkunde und Sterndeuterei im malaiischen Archipel. Batavia, den Haag. Tijdsch. v. T.-, L.-en Vk. deel LX IV</ref> reporting that this work dates back to the 9th century CE when Bali was part of a Hindu empire on the neighbouring island of Java.<ref name=":1" /> Neubronner van der Tuuk even uses the Old Javanese spelling.

			==== Identification ====
			The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).<ref name=":1" />

	=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===		=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===