Leo - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 06:42, 24 May 2026

2026-05-24T06:42:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:42, 24 May 2026
Line 805:		Line 805:
	[[Category:Almagest]]		[[Category:Almagest]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
	[[Category:European]]		[[Category:European]]
	[[Category:Zodiac]]		[[Category:Zodiac]] [[Category:Leo]]

IanRidpath: /* Almagest Δέοντος. */ OCR errors

2026-05-20T13:02:53Z

Almagest Δέοντος.: OCR errors

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, 20 May 2026
Line 177:		Line 177:
	!		!
	!Λέουτος ἀστεριῦμόρ.		!Λέουτος ἀστεριῦμόρ.
	!~~Constellatian~~ of Leo		!Constellation of Leo
	!		!
	\|-		\|-
	\|1		\|1
	\|ὁ ἐπ’ ἄκρου τοῦ μοκτῆρος.		\|ὁ ἐπ’ ἄκρου τοῦ μοκτῆρος.
	\|The star on the tip of 'the nostrils'		\|The star on the tip of the nostrils
	\|kap Leo		\|kap Leo
	\|-		\|-
	\|2		\|2
	\|ὁ ἐν τῷ χάσματι		\|ὁ ἐν τῷ χάσματι
	\|The star in the gaping ~~Jaws~~		\|The star in the gaping jaws
	\|lam Leo		\|lam Leo
	\|-		\|-
	\|3		\|3
	\|τῶν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ β ὁ βορειότερος.		\|τῶν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ β ὁ βορειότερος.
	\|The northernmost of the ~~twa~~ stars in the head		\|The northernmost of the two stars in the head
	\|mu Leo		\|mu Leo
	\|-		\|-
Line 222:		Line 222:
	\|9		\|9
	\|ὁ φοτιώτερος αὐτοῦ καὶ ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ στήθους		\|ὁ φοτιώτερος αὐτοῦ καὶ ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ στήθους
	\|The one south of this, about an the chest		\|The one south of this, about on the chest
	\|31 Leo		\|31 Leo
	\|-		\|-
Line 237:		Line 237:
	\|12		\|12
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐμπροσθίας δεξιᾶς δρακός		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐμπροσθίας δεξιᾶς δρακός
	\|The star on the right front claw--clutch		\|The star on the right front claw-clutch
	\|xi Leo		\|xi Leo
	\|-		\|-
	\|13		\|13
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐμπροσθίας καὶ ἀριστερᾶς δρακός.		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐμπροσθίας καὶ ἀριστερᾶς δρακός.
	\|The star~~: an~~ the left front claw-clutch		\|The star on the left front claw-clutch
	\|omi Leo		\|omi Leo
	\|-		\|-
	\|14		\|14
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ γόρατος.		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ γόρατος.
	\|The star~~-an~~ the left [front] knee		\|The star on the left [front] knee
	\|pi Leo		\|pi Leo
	\|-		\|-
	\|15		\|15
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ γόρατος.		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ γόρατος.
	\|The ~~Star an~~ the left armpit		\|The star on the left armpit
	\|rho Leo		\|rho Leo
	\|-		\|-
Line 267:		Line 267:
	\|18		\|18
	\|ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν.		\|ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν.
	\|The southernmost af these [ two ]		\|The southernmost of these [two]
	\|53 Leo		\|53 Leo
	\|-		\|-
	\|19		\|19
	\|τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς ὀσφύος β ὁ προηγούμενος.		\|τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς ὀσφύος β ὁ προηγούμενος.
	\|The ~~nlore~~ advanced of the two stars on the rump		\|The more advanced of the two stars on the rump
	\|60 Leo		\|60 Leo
	\|-		\|-
	\|20		\|20
	\|ὁ ἑπόμενος αὐτῶν		\|ὁ ἑπόμενος αὐτῶν
	\|The ~~rearmast~~ of them		\|The rearmost of them
	\|del Leo		\|del Leo
	\|-		\|-
Line 322:		Line 322:
	\|		\|
	\|ἀστέρες κξ, ὧν αἱ μεγέθους β, β’ β, γ’ς, δ’η, ε' ε, ς' ὅ.		\|ἀστέρες κξ, ὧν αἱ μεγέθους β, β’ β, γ’ς, δ’η, ε' ε, ς' ὅ.
	\|27 stars, 2 of the first magnitude, 2 of the second, 6 of the third, 8 of the fourth, 5 of the fifth, 4 of the sixth		\|{27 stars, 2 of the first magnitude, 2 of the second, 6 of the third, 8 of the fourth, 5 of the fifth, 4 of the sixth}
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
Line 382:		Line 382:
	\|		\|
	\|ἀστέρες ἐ, ὧν δ’ μεγέθους ἂ, ε’ ὃ, καὶ ὁ Πλόκαμος.		\|ἀστέρες ἐ, ὧν δ’ μεγέθους ἂ, ε’ ὃ, καὶ ὁ Πλόκαμος.
	\|		\|{5 stars, 1 of the fourth magnitude, 4 of the fifth, plus Coma}
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 12:33, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T12:33:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:33, 19 May 2026
Line 810:		Line 810:
	[[Category:European]]		[[Category:European]]
	[[Category:Zodiac]]		[[Category:Zodiac]]
	~~[[Category:4work]]~~

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Added Warburg llink

2026-05-19T08:15:56Z

Weblinks: Added Warburg llink

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:15, 19 May 2026
Line 792:		Line 792:
	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

	*		*[https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017063 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Leo]

	==References==		==References==

Sushoff: /* Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) */

2026-02-27T18:20:24Z

Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:20, 27 February 2026
Line 80:		Line 80:
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Cnc 20 1/2
	\|		\|Vir 14
	\|		\|Sco 13
	\|		\|Sgr 20 1/2
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
Line 92:		Line 92:
	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the one in the front feet
	\|		\|the one at the tip of the tail
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

Sushoff: /* Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) */

2026-02-27T17:26:08Z

Rising (Lib II Cap V §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 27 February 2026
Line 31:		Line 31:
	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

	====== Rising (Lib II Cap ~~V §10~~) ======		====== Rising (Lib III Cap III §2) ======
	<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>		<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
Line 46:		Line 46:
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Cnc 7 1/2
	\|		\|Leo 18 1/2
	\|		\|Psc 20
	\|		\|Tau 11 1/2
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
Line 58:		Line 58:
	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|of those in the head the northern of the front ones
	\|		\|the one in the hind feet
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = ~~127.5~~ min = ~~31 7~~/8 degree		\| colspan="4" \|3 1/4 hours = 195 min = 48 3/4 degree
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Mythology */

2026-02-26T20:51:59Z

Mythology

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:51, 26 February 2026
Line 8:		Line 8:

	===Origin of Constellation===		===Origin of Constellation===
	In the 1st millennium, a uranography describes two figures in this region of the sky: a lion ([[UR.MAḪ]]) and this demon, the winged lion ([[UR.GU.LA]]). However, according to current knowledge, this pairing of terms has only been documented once. Another text from the 1st millennium can be understood as equating the two figures, and yet another speaks of a rear and a front demon lion. It is still unclear what transformations the demon underwent to become a normal lion. In any case, the foreign Greek culture certainly did not understand the demon, and at that point at the latest, the two figures were equated and the wings removed.		<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>In the 1st millennium, a uranography describes two figures in this region of the sky: a lion ([[UR.MAḪ]]) and this demon, the winged lion ([[UR.GU.LA]]). However, according to current knowledge, this pairing of terms has only been documented once. Another text from the 1st millennium can be understood as equating the two figures, and yet another speaks of a rear and a front demon lion. It is still unclear what transformations the demon underwent to become a normal lion. In any case, the foreign Greek culture certainly did not understand the demon, and at that point at the latest, the two figures were equated and the wings removed.

	It is noteworthy that the lion, as we imagine it today, lies only north of the ecliptic. The lion's body consists of a trapezoid of bright stars, the southernmost of which, [[Regulus]], lies less than a moon's diameter north of the ecliptic. It can therefore be covered by the sun and moon. The lion's front paws lie south of the ecliptic, but there is a large gap between its hind paws and the ecliptic – or even the neighbouring southern constellation. Assyriologists have therefore suggested that the doubling in Babylonian uranography was an attempt to close this gap. According to this, the second lion would be interpreted as lying south of today's constellation Leo.		It is noteworthy that the lion, as we imagine it today, lies only north of the ecliptic. The lion's body consists of a trapezoid of bright stars, the southernmost of which, [[Regulus]], lies less than a moon's diameter north of the ecliptic. It can therefore be covered by the sun and moon. The lion's front paws lie south of the ecliptic, but there is a large gap between its hind paws and the ecliptic – or even the neighbouring southern constellation. Assyriologists have therefore suggested that the doubling in Babylonian uranography was an attempt to close this gap. According to this, the second lion would be interpreted as lying south of today's constellation Leo.
Line 782:		Line 782:

	==Mythology==		==Mythology==
			'''Greek'''<ref name=":0" />

			Eratosthenes speculates that Zeus may have placed this constellation in the sky because the lion rules over four-legged animals. However, he adds that some people believe it to be the lion of Nemea, which Heracles strangled with his bare hands in his first of twelve labours. This lion is said to have been a dangerous beast.

			Heracles was first given ten tasks by King Eurystheus to rid the world of certain evils. After these tasks were completed, he was given two more. The first of all tasks was to rid Nemea of the beast.

			Eratosthenes recounts that Heracles chose not to use weapons for this task because he considered it particularly glorious. Later, he kept the lion's skin as a trophy for this heroic deed. On star charts, he is therefore often depicted either carrying it over his arm or wearing it as a cloak – with the lion's head on his head.

	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

Sushoff at 20:50, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T20:50:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:50, 26 February 2026
Line 2:		Line 2:
	----		----
	[[File:Leo IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Leo star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]		[[File:Leo IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Leo star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
	One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]] with Greco-Roman background. It has been developed from a Babylonian predecessor ([[UR.GU.LA]])		One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]] with Greco-Roman background. It has been developed from a Babylonian predecessor ([[UR.GU.LA]]). The constellation lies in the zodiac and was therefore adopted from Greek astronomy around the middle of the 1st millennium BCE from Babylon. In Mesopotamia a millennium earlier, however, it was not named directly after an animal: the Sumerian word UR.GU.LA refers to a demon that looks like a winged lion, as depicted on a clay tablet as a scratch drawing.

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	~~The Greek constellation~~ ...		[[File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir.JPG\|thumb\|Kugel Globe: Cancer, Leo, Hydra, Virgo (drawing by SMH 2024)]]

			===Origin of Constellation===
			In the 1st millennium, a uranography describes two figures in this region of the sky: a lion ([[UR.MAḪ]]) and this demon, the winged lion ([[UR.GU.LA]]). However, according to current knowledge, this pairing of terms has only been documented once. Another text from the 1st millennium can be understood as equating the two figures, and yet another speaks of a rear and a front demon lion. It is still unclear what transformations the demon underwent to become a normal lion. In any case, the foreign Greek culture certainly did not understand the demon, and at that point at the latest, the two figures were equated and the wings removed.

			It is noteworthy that the lion, as we imagine it today, lies only north of the ecliptic. The lion's body consists of a trapezoid of bright stars, the southernmost of which, [[Regulus]], lies less than a moon's diameter north of the ecliptic. It can therefore be covered by the sun and moon. The lion's front paws lie south of the ecliptic, but there is a large gap between its hind paws and the ecliptic – or even the neighbouring southern constellation. Assyriologists have therefore suggested that the doubling in Babylonian uranography was an attempt to close this gap. According to this, the second lion would be interpreted as lying south of today's constellation Leo.

	[[~~File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir~~.~~JPG\|thumb\|Kugel Globe~~: ~~Cancer, Leo,~~ Hydra~~, Virgo (drawing by SMH 2024)~~]]		However, on the microzodiac clay tablet in the Museum of the Ancient Near East in Berlin, it is clear to see that the winged lion is walking on a Musch snake ([[MUŠ\|<sup>mul (d)</sup>MUŠ]]). The tablet dates from the Seleucid period (i.e. the period of Greek rule) and shows the image as it was already described in MUL.APIN about 1.5 millennia earlier: There is nothing between the winged lion and the snake we call [[Hydra]].

	~~===Origin~~ of ~~Constellation===~~		This was no different in Greek constellation culture – except that the lion had no wings. It was not until the advent of telescope surveys in the 17th century that a new constellation of faint stars was defined in the ‘nothingness’ beneath the lion: the [[Sextans\|Sextans, The Sextant]].[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]
	[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]

	==== Babylonian ====		==== Babylonian ====
			see

			* [[UR.GU.LA]]
			* [[UR.MAḪ\|UR.MA]]Ḫ

	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-02-22T17:46:04Z

Hipparchus

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:46, 22 February 2026
Line 23:		Line 23:

	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

			====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======
			<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			! colspan="2" \|east
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = 127.5 min = 31 7/8 degree
			\|}

			====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!
			! colspan="2" \|west
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = 160 min = 40°
			\|}

			====== Stars Mentioned ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			!Greek
			!German
			!English
			!ident.
			!src
			!
			!lam_culm
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, first
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, last
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §2
			\|setting CrB, south, last
			\|Psc 13.5
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §13
			\|setting Aql, south, first
			\|Ari 2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib III Cap I §9
			\|rising Ori, south, last
			\|Psc 13
			\|}

	===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====		===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Almagest Δέοντος. */

2026-02-06T10:24:26Z

Almagest Δέοντος.

Show changes