Leo - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) */

2026-02-27T18:20:24Z

Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:20, 27 February 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Cnc 20 1/2
	\|		\|Vir 14
	\|		\|Sco 13
	\|		\|Sgr 20 1/2
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the one in the front feet
	\|		\|the one at the tip of the tail
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

Sushoff: /* Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) */

2026-02-27T17:26:08Z

Rising (Lib II Cap V §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 27 February 2026
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	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

	====== Rising (Lib II Cap ~~V §10~~) ======		====== Rising (Lib III Cap III §2) ======
	<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>		<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Cnc 7 1/2
	\|		\|Leo 18 1/2
	\|		\|Psc 20
	\|		\|Tau 11 1/2
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|of those in the head the northern of the front ones
	\|		\|the one in the hind feet
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = ~~127.5~~ min = ~~31 7~~/8 degree		\| colspan="4" \|3 1/4 hours = 195 min = 48 3/4 degree
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Mythology */

2026-02-26T20:51:59Z

Mythology

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:51, 26 February 2026
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	===Origin of Constellation===		===Origin of Constellation===
	In the 1st millennium, a uranography describes two figures in this region of the sky: a lion ([[UR.MAḪ]]) and this demon, the winged lion ([[UR.GU.LA]]). However, according to current knowledge, this pairing of terms has only been documented once. Another text from the 1st millennium can be understood as equating the two figures, and yet another speaks of a rear and a front demon lion. It is still unclear what transformations the demon underwent to become a normal lion. In any case, the foreign Greek culture certainly did not understand the demon, and at that point at the latest, the two figures were equated and the wings removed.		<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>In the 1st millennium, a uranography describes two figures in this region of the sky: a lion ([[UR.MAḪ]]) and this demon, the winged lion ([[UR.GU.LA]]). However, according to current knowledge, this pairing of terms has only been documented once. Another text from the 1st millennium can be understood as equating the two figures, and yet another speaks of a rear and a front demon lion. It is still unclear what transformations the demon underwent to become a normal lion. In any case, the foreign Greek culture certainly did not understand the demon, and at that point at the latest, the two figures were equated and the wings removed.

	It is noteworthy that the lion, as we imagine it today, lies only north of the ecliptic. The lion's body consists of a trapezoid of bright stars, the southernmost of which, [[Regulus]], lies less than a moon's diameter north of the ecliptic. It can therefore be covered by the sun and moon. The lion's front paws lie south of the ecliptic, but there is a large gap between its hind paws and the ecliptic – or even the neighbouring southern constellation. Assyriologists have therefore suggested that the doubling in Babylonian uranography was an attempt to close this gap. According to this, the second lion would be interpreted as lying south of today's constellation Leo.		It is noteworthy that the lion, as we imagine it today, lies only north of the ecliptic. The lion's body consists of a trapezoid of bright stars, the southernmost of which, [[Regulus]], lies less than a moon's diameter north of the ecliptic. It can therefore be covered by the sun and moon. The lion's front paws lie south of the ecliptic, but there is a large gap between its hind paws and the ecliptic – or even the neighbouring southern constellation. Assyriologists have therefore suggested that the doubling in Babylonian uranography was an attempt to close this gap. According to this, the second lion would be interpreted as lying south of today's constellation Leo.
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	==Mythology==		==Mythology==
			'''Greek'''<ref name=":0" />

			Eratosthenes speculates that Zeus may have placed this constellation in the sky because the lion rules over four-legged animals. However, he adds that some people believe it to be the lion of Nemea, which Heracles strangled with his bare hands in his first of twelve labours. This lion is said to have been a dangerous beast.

			Heracles was first given ten tasks by King Eurystheus to rid the world of certain evils. After these tasks were completed, he was given two more. The first of all tasks was to rid Nemea of the beast.

			Eratosthenes recounts that Heracles chose not to use weapons for this task because he considered it particularly glorious. Later, he kept the lion's skin as a trophy for this heroic deed. On star charts, he is therefore often depicted either carrying it over his arm or wearing it as a cloak – with the lion's head on his head.

	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

Sushoff at 20:50, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T20:50:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:50, 26 February 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Leo IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Leo star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]		[[File:Leo IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Leo star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
	One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]] with Greco-Roman background. It has been developed from a Babylonian predecessor ([[UR.GU.LA]])		One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]] with Greco-Roman background. It has been developed from a Babylonian predecessor ([[UR.GU.LA]]). The constellation lies in the zodiac and was therefore adopted from Greek astronomy around the middle of the 1st millennium BCE from Babylon. In Mesopotamia a millennium earlier, however, it was not named directly after an animal: the Sumerian word UR.GU.LA refers to a demon that looks like a winged lion, as depicted on a clay tablet as a scratch drawing.

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	~~The Greek constellation~~ ...		[[File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir.JPG\|thumb\|Kugel Globe: Cancer, Leo, Hydra, Virgo (drawing by SMH 2024)]]

			===Origin of Constellation===
			In the 1st millennium, a uranography describes two figures in this region of the sky: a lion ([[UR.MAḪ]]) and this demon, the winged lion ([[UR.GU.LA]]). However, according to current knowledge, this pairing of terms has only been documented once. Another text from the 1st millennium can be understood as equating the two figures, and yet another speaks of a rear and a front demon lion. It is still unclear what transformations the demon underwent to become a normal lion. In any case, the foreign Greek culture certainly did not understand the demon, and at that point at the latest, the two figures were equated and the wings removed.

			It is noteworthy that the lion, as we imagine it today, lies only north of the ecliptic. The lion's body consists of a trapezoid of bright stars, the southernmost of which, [[Regulus]], lies less than a moon's diameter north of the ecliptic. It can therefore be covered by the sun and moon. The lion's front paws lie south of the ecliptic, but there is a large gap between its hind paws and the ecliptic – or even the neighbouring southern constellation. Assyriologists have therefore suggested that the doubling in Babylonian uranography was an attempt to close this gap. According to this, the second lion would be interpreted as lying south of today's constellation Leo.

	[[~~File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir~~.~~JPG\|thumb\|Kugel Globe~~: ~~Cancer, Leo,~~ Hydra~~, Virgo (drawing by SMH 2024)~~]]		However, on the microzodiac clay tablet in the Museum of the Ancient Near East in Berlin, it is clear to see that the winged lion is walking on a Musch snake ([[MUŠ\|<sup>mul (d)</sup>MUŠ]]). The tablet dates from the Seleucid period (i.e. the period of Greek rule) and shows the image as it was already described in MUL.APIN about 1.5 millennia earlier: There is nothing between the winged lion and the snake we call [[Hydra]].

	~~===Origin~~ of ~~Constellation===~~		This was no different in Greek constellation culture – except that the lion had no wings. It was not until the advent of telescope surveys in the 17th century that a new constellation of faint stars was defined in the ‘nothingness’ beneath the lion: the [[Sextans\|Sextans, The Sextant]].[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]
	[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]

	==== Babylonian ====		==== Babylonian ====
			see

			* [[UR.GU.LA]]
			* [[UR.MAḪ\|UR.MA]]Ḫ

	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-02-22T17:46:04Z

Hipparchus

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:46, 22 February 2026
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	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

			====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======
			<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			! colspan="2" \|east
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = 127.5 min = 31 7/8 degree
			\|}

			====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!
			! colspan="2" \|west
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = 160 min = 40°
			\|}

			====== Stars Mentioned ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			!Greek
			!German
			!English
			!ident.
			!src
			!
			!lam_culm
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, first
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, last
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §2
			\|setting CrB, south, last
			\|Psc 13.5
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §13
			\|setting Aql, south, first
			\|Ari 2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib III Cap I §9
			\|rising Ori, south, last
			\|Psc 13
			\|}

	===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====		===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Almagest Δέοντος. */

2026-02-06T10:24:26Z

Almagest Δέοντος.

Show changes

Sushoff at 13:24, 20 January 2026

2026-01-20T13:24:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:24, 20 January 2026
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			Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Leo IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Leo star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]		[[File:Leo IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Leo star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
	One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]] with Greco-Roman background. It has been developed from a Babylonian predecessor ([[UR.GU.LA]])		One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]] with Greco-Roman background. It has been developed from a Babylonian predecessor ([[UR.GU.LA]])

Sushoff at 13:25, 5 September 2025

2025-09-05T13:25:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:25, 5 September 2025
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	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
	[[Category:European]]		[[Category:European]]
			[[Category:Zodiac]]
	[[Category:4work]]		[[Category:4work]]

Dorvic at 03:52, 3 May 2025

2025-05-03T03:52:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:52, 3 May 2025
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	===== Aratos =====		===== Aratos =====
	Beneath the Bear’s head are the Twins, beneath her belly the Crab, and under her hind legs the Lion shines brightly. This is where the sun’s track is hottest, [150] and the fields are seen bereft o f their corn-ears when the sun first comes into conjunction with the Lion. This is the time when the whistling etesian winds sweep strongly across the broad sea, and it is no longer seasonable for ships to be under oars. Then let broad-beamed ships be my pleasure, [155] and let helmsmen hold their steering-oars into the wind.		<blockquote>Beneath the Bear’s head are the Twins, beneath her belly the Crab, and under her hind legs the Lion shines brightly. This is where the sun’s track is hottest, [150] and the fields are seen bereft o f their corn-ears when the sun first comes into conjunction with the Lion. This is the time when the whistling etesian winds sweep strongly across the broad sea, and it is no longer seasonable for ships to be under oars. Then let broad-beamed ships be my pleasure, [155] and let helmsmen hold their steering-oars into the wind. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote>

	(Kidd 1997)

	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====

	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

			===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====
			<blockquote>He is said to have been put among the stars because he is considered the king of beasts. Some writers add that Hercules' first Labor was with him and that he killed him, unarmed. Pisandrus and many others have written about this. Above his likeness in the sky nearest the Virgin are seven other stars near his tail, arranged in a triangle, which Conon, the mathematician, and Callimachus call the Lock of Berenice. When Ptolemy had married his sister Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy and Arsinoe, and after a few days had set out to attack Asia, Berenice vowed that if Ptolemy returned as victor she would clip off her hair. She placed the lock, consecrated by this vow, in the temple of Venus Arsinoe Zephyritis, but on the following day it couldn't be seen there. When the king was distressed by this, Conon the mathematician, whom we mentioned above, desiring to win the favor of the king, said that he had seen the lock among the constellations, and pointed out seven stars without definite configuration which he imagined were the lock.

			Some authors along with Callimachus have said that this Berenice raised horses, and used to send them to Olympia. Others add that once Ptolemy, Berenice's father, in panic at the number of the enemy, had sought safety in flight, but his daughter, an accomplished horsewoman, leaped on a horse, organized the remaining troops, killed many of the enemy, and put the rest to flight. For this even Callimachus calls her high-souled. Eratosthenes says that she ordered returned to the girls of Lesbos the dowry left to them by their parents, which no one had released, and she established among them right to bring action of recovery. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote>

	===== Geminos =====		===== Geminos =====

Dorvic: /* Aratos */

2025-05-02T06:03:55Z

Aratos

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:03, 2 May 2025
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	===== Aratos =====		===== Aratos =====
			Beneath the Bear’s head are the Twins, beneath her belly the Crab, and under her hind legs the Lion shines brightly. This is where the sun’s track is hottest, [150] and the fields are seen bereft o f their corn-ears when the sun first comes into conjunction with the Lion. This is the time when the whistling etesian winds sweep strongly across the broad sea, and it is no longer seasonable for ships to be under oars. Then let broad-beamed ships be my pleasure, [155] and let helmsmen hold their steering-oars into the wind.

			(Kidd 1997)

	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====