Lepus - Revision history

Rolandlaffitte: /* Arabic Tradition */

2026-03-28T11:18:19Z

Arabic Tradition

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:18, 28 March 2026
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	Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous ostriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza\|al-Jawza]]. Hence in the imagination of the ancient Arabs, we find several representations in this celestial realm:		Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous ostriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza\|al-Jawza]]. Hence in the imagination of the ancient Arabs, we find several representations in this celestial realm:

	* ''al-Arnab,'' the Hare (see α Lep, Arneb)		* ''al-Arnab,'' the Hare (see α Lep, [[Arneb]])
	* ''al-Nihāl'', ‘the [Ostriches] that have quenched their thirst ” (see ''β Lep'', [[Nihal]]), a group belonging to the great animal scene of the Ostriches extending eastwards to ''al-Ẓalīm'', “the male Ostrich”,		* ''al-Nihāl'', ‘the [Ostriches] that have quenched their thirst ” (see ''β Lep'', [[Nihal]]), a group belonging to the great animal scene of the Ostriches extending eastwards to ''al-Ẓalīm'', “the male Ostrich”,
	* the Throne of al-Jawza ([[Arshaljawza]])		* the Throne of al-Jawza ([[Arshaljawza]])

Rolandlaffitte: /* Arabic Tradition */

2026-03-28T11:17:53Z

Arabic Tradition

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:17, 28 March 2026
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	When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations.		When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations.

	Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous ~~autriches~~ and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza\|al-Jawza]].		Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous ostriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza\|al-Jawza]]. Hence in the imagination of the ancient Arabs, we find several representations in this celestial realm:

			* ''al-Arnab,'' the Hare (see α Lep, Arneb)
			* ''al-Nihāl'', ‘the [Ostriches] that have quenched their thirst ” (see ''β Lep'', [[Nihal]]), a group belonging to the great animal scene of the Ostriches extending eastwards to ''al-Ẓalīm'', “the male Ostrich”,
			* the Throne of al-Jawza ([[Arshaljawza]])
			* and her footrest ([[Kursialjawza]])

	'''''Λαγωός / al-Arnab,'' ‘the Hare’ (Ḥağğāğ, Isḥāq)'''		'''''Λαγωός / al-Arnab,'' ‘the Hare’ (Ḥağğāğ, Isḥāq)'''

Rolandlaffitte: /* Arabic Tradition */

2026-03-28T11:10:31Z

Arabic Tradition

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:10, 28 March 2026
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	Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous autriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza\|al-Jawza]].		Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous autriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza\|al-Jawza]].

			'''''Λαγωός / al-Arnab,'' ‘the Hare’ (Ḥağğāğ, Isḥāq)'''
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!Arabic
			(orig.)
			! valign="top" \|Transliteration
			! valign="top" \|Translation
			!Identification
			(RL)
			! valign="top" \|author
			\|-
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|''Wasaṭ al-Badan''
			\| valign="top" \|the middle of the body
			\| valign="top" \|''α Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Battānī
			\|-
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|''Badan al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the body of the Hare
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|Marrākušī
			\|-
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|''Ẓhar al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the back of the Hare
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|Tīzīnī
			\|-
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|''Baṭn al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the belly of the Hare
			\| valign="top" \|''β Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Marrākušī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''Yad al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the hare's paw
			\| valign="top" \|''ε Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Battānī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''Kaff al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the hare's paw
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|Tīzīnī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''al-Qaṭan''
			\| valign="top" \|the kidney
			\| valign="top" \|''ζ Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Battānī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''Ṭaraf al-Ḏanab''
			\| valign="top" \|the tip of the tail
			\| valign="top" \|''η Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Battānī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''Ḏanab al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the tail of the hare
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|Miṣrī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''al-Ḏaqan''
			\| valign="top" \|the chin
			\| valign="top" \|''μ Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Battānī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''Ḏaqan al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the hare's chin
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|Tīzīnī
			\|}

	===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===		===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===

Rolandlaffitte: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

2026-03-28T11:04:05Z

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 28 March 2026
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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Rooster stellarium.jpg\|Babylonian Rooster (Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2022).		File:Rooster stellarium.jpg\|Babylonian Rooster (Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2022).
	File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif\|Orion-Group on the Kugel Globe; SMH 2025.		File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif\|Orion-Group with Hare on the Kugel Globe; SMH 2025.
	File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png\|Arabic (Roland Laffitte 2025)		File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png\|Arabic Hare with autriches and Jawza (Roland Laffitte 2025)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Rolandlaffitte: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

2026-03-28T11:03:19Z

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:03, 28 March 2026
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	===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===		===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===
			<gallery>
			File:Rooster stellarium.jpg\|Babylonian Rooster (Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2022).
			File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif\|Orion-Group on the Kugel Globe; SMH 2025.
			File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png\|Arabic (Roland Laffitte 2025)
			</gallery>

	==Mythology==		==Mythology==

Rolandlaffitte: /* Arabic Tradition */

2026-03-28T11:00:42Z

Arabic Tradition

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:00, 28 March 2026
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	=== Arabic Tradition ===		=== Arabic Tradition ===
			[[File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png\|thumb\|The Arabic constellations of the (classical) Hare next to some autriches and the throne and footprint of al-Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]
	When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations.		When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations.

Rolandlaffitte: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

2026-03-28T10:59:00Z

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:59, 28 March 2026
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	\|6.47		\|6.47
	\|}		\|}

			=== Arabic Tradition ===
			When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations.

			Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous autriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza\|al-Jawza]].

	===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===		===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===

Sushoff: /* Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) */

2026-02-27T13:59:04Z

Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:59, 27 February 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Ari 26 1/2
	\|		\|Tau 14
	\|		\|Cnc 30
	\|		\|Leo 21
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the one in the front feet
	\|		\|the one at the tip of the tail
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|~~2 2~~/3 hours = ~~160~~ min = ~~40°~~		\| colspan="4" \|1 1/3 hours = 80 min = 20°
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) */

2026-02-27T13:34:11Z

Rising (Lib II Cap V §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:34, 27 February 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Gem 27
	\|		\|Cnc 11 1/2
	\|		\|Psc 4
	\|		\|Psc 25
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|of the four in the ears, the front one of the northern (iot.)
	\|		\|the southern one of those in the rear feet
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = ~~127.5~~ min = ~~31 7/8~~ degree		\| colspan="4" \|1 1/5 hours = 72 min = 18 degree
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff at 20:53, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T20:53:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:53, 26 February 2026
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	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	[[File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif\|thumb\|Orion-Group of constellations on the Kugel Globe, drawing and animated GIF by SMH 2025.]]Alongside Andromeda and Perseus, the group around Orion forms the second mythological constellation complex. It is said to depict a hunting scene. The hare is pursued by one or two hounds of Orion. This is how it can be seen in the sky: The hare stands to the west of the constellation of the Great Dog, so it rises before it and runs in front of it the whole time during the night.		[[File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif\|thumb\|Orion-Group of constellations on the Kugel Globe, drawing and animated GIF by SMH 2025.]]<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>Alongside Andromeda and Perseus, the group around Orion forms the second mythological constellation complex. It is said to depict a hunting scene. The hare is pursued by one or two hounds of Orion. This is how it can be seen in the sky: The hare stands to the west of the constellation of the Great Dog, so it rises before it and runs in front of it the whole time during the night.

	===Origin of Constellation===		===Origin of Constellation===
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	==Mythology==		==Mythology==
			'''Greek'''<ref name=":0" />

			Eratosthenes explains the hare in relation to the hunting scene mentioned above. Hares were popular prey, and according to Pliny, popular belief held that hare meat made the body more beautiful for nine days.

			Hermes, the messenger of the gods, is said to have placed the hare among the stars: both hares and the messenger of the gods are popularly regarded as particularly fast and skilled travellers, even beyond roads and well-trodden paths. They are therefore also considered particularly clever: Mercury/Hermes is also the god responsible for quick thinking.

			Eratosthenes, however, limits himself to stating the biological characteristics of the hare, so that there was probably no real myth here, but rather the constellation was simply given a meaning for didactic purposes.

			In particular, he reports that the hare is the only quadruped that can be pregnant with several young at the same time, some of which it keeps in its belly while others are born. Here he alludes to the fact that female hares can be pregnant by different hares at the same time. This so-called superfecundation can lead to a time lag between births, meaning that even foetuses from the same cycle are not born at the same time. What Eratosthenes and his source Aristotle did not know is that this is also possible in other animals – even in humans, which is reported in the tabloid media due to its rarity.

	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:10, 28 March 2026
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	Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous autriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza\|al-Jawza]].		Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous autriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza\|al-Jawza]].

			'''''Λαγωός / al-Arnab,'' ‘the Hare’ (Ḥağğāğ, Isḥāq)'''
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!Arabic
			(orig.)
			! valign="top" \|Transliteration
			! valign="top" \|Translation
			!Identification
			(RL)
			! valign="top" \|author
			\|-
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|''Wasaṭ al-Badan''
			\| valign="top" \|the middle of the body
			\| valign="top" \|''α Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Battānī
			\|-
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|''Badan al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the body of the Hare
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|Marrākušī
			\|-
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|''Ẓhar al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the back of the Hare
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|Tīzīnī
			\|-
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|''Baṭn al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the belly of the Hare
			\| valign="top" \|''β Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Marrākušī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''Yad al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the hare's paw
			\| valign="top" \|''ε Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Battānī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''Kaff al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the hare's paw
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|Tīzīnī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''al-Qaṭan''
			\| valign="top" \|the kidney
			\| valign="top" \|''ζ Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Battānī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''Ṭaraf al-Ḏanab''
			\| valign="top" \|the tip of the tail
			\| valign="top" \|''η Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Battānī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''Ḏanab al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the tail of the hare
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|Miṣrī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''al-Ḏaqan''
			\| valign="top" \|the chin
			\| valign="top" \|''μ Lep''
			\| valign="top" \|Battānī
			\|-
			\| valign="top" \|
			\| valign="top" \|''Ḏaqan al-Arnab''
			\| valign="top" \|the hare's chin
			\|
			\| valign="top" \|Tīzīnī
			\|}

	===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===		===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===