Lyra - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 06:56, 24 May 2026

2026-05-24T06:56:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:56, 24 May 2026
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	[[Category:Eurasia]] [[Category:European]]		[[Category:Eurasia]] [[Category:European]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Almagest]]		[[Category:Almagest]] [[Category:Africa]]
	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] [[Category:Lyr]]

IanRidpath: /* Geminos */ Another typo

2026-05-20T13:10:33Z

Geminos: Another typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:10, 20 May 2026
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	\|		\|
	\|ἀστέρες ἱ, ὥρ α μεγέθους ἄ, γ’ β, δ’ ὅ		\|ἀστέρες ἱ, ὥρ α μεγέθους ἄ, γ’ β, δ’ ὅ
	\|10 stars, I of the first magnitude, 2 of the third, 7 of the fourth		\|{10 stars, 1 of the first magnitude, 2 of the third, 7 of the fourth}
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Another Warburg link

2026-05-20T09:43:07Z

Weblinks: Another Warburg link

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:43, 20 May 2026
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	* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017045 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Lyra]		* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017045 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Lyra]
			* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017046 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Vultur Cadens]

	==References==		==References==

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Added Warburg link

2026-05-20T08:49:46Z

Weblinks: Added Warburg link

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:49, 20 May 2026
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	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

	*		* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017045 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Lyra]

	==References==		==References==

Sushoff at 12:44, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T12:44:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 19 May 2026
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	*[[References (Medieval and Early Modern)\|References (medieval)]]		*[[References (Medieval and Early Modern)\|References (medieval)]]

	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]] [[Category:European]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
	[[Category:Almagest]]		[[Category:Almagest]]
	~~[[Category:Mesopotamian]]~~
	~~[[Category:West Asian]]~~
	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
	~~[[Category:European~~]]

Sushoff at 12:43, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T12:43:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:43, 19 May 2026
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	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
	[[Category:European]]		[[Category:European]]
	~~[[Category:4work]]~~

Sushoff at 18:26, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T18:26:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:26, 26 February 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Lyra IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Lyra star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]		[[File:Lyra IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Lyra star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
	~~One~~ of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]].		Lyra, The Lyre, one of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]].
	[[File:KugelGlobe Sge.JPG\|thumb\|Cyg, Lyr, Del, Aql and Sge on the Kugel Globe (1st century BCE), SMH 2024.]]		[[File:KugelGlobe Sge.JPG\|thumb\|Cyg, Lyr, Del, Aql and Sge on the Kugel Globe (1st century BCE), SMH 2024.]]

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==
	The Greek ~~constellation~~ ...		'''Note:'''<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref> In some languages, the translation may be ambiguous but it is by no means a barrel organ. The lyre is a musical instrument used in Greek folk music, surrounded by an opulent mythology. According to legend, Hermes invented the instrument when he strung a turtle shell with strings. In original Greek depictions, the sound box of the heavenly lyre therefore has the shape of a turtle – e.g. on the globe of the Farnese Atlas.

			===Origin of Constellation===
			The myths surrounding the lyre contain numerous topoi from Greek culture:<ref name=":0" /> Hermes is the son of one of the [[Pleiades\|Pleiade]]<nowiki/>s, the seven daughters of Atlas. That is why his lyre has seven strings. Orpheus is the son of one of the nine Muses, which is why his lyre has nine strings. This alludes to a piece of music history, as the number of strings developed from three to as many as 18.

	===~~Origin of Constellation~~===		Orpheus' journey with his lyre into the underworld is topical for the characteristic of music to overcome the limits of mortality and attain immortality.

			The name of the brightest star, [[Vega]], is of Arabic origin. It comes from ''an-naṣr al-waqi,'' the Arabic expression for a ‘diving eagle’ on the hunt. This is a constellation that is probably of Arabic origin and differs from the Greek eagle. Knowledge of this origin of the star's name has been passed down to this day, which is why modern star charts sometimes depict an eagle holding a lyre in its beak. This representation has a heraldic effect. Joh. E. Bode also depicts the constellation in this way in his trilingual ''Uranographia'' (1801), but then writes in German ‘der Geyer mit der Leyer’ (the eagle with the lyre) or in Latin: Vulture et Lyra. It is quite possible that he renamed the constellation because of the amusing rhyme.

			However, depictions of the Greek instrument vary greatly: sometimes the foot is at the top, sometimes at the bottom. In the drawings from Bode's two star charts – the ''Anleitung zur Kenntniß des gestirnten Himmels'' (Guide to the Knowledge of the Starry Sky) from 1782 and the ''Uranographia'' from 1801 – we find both variants even from the same author.

			==== Babylonian ====
			The constellation has no precursors in Babylon.<ref name=":0" /> In Mesopotamia, the constellation of the Sumerian deity [[Gula]] was located at this point in the sky. She is one of the most important goddesses because, among other things, she is responsible for medicine. Since the 3rd millennium, depictions of Gula have been handed down in the form of reliefs and statues: she is often seated on a throne (or symbolically on a temple building). She is usually accompanied by her attribute animal, the dog, which occupies parts of the neighbouring constellation Hercules.

			The star Vega is called ‘goat star’ in Babylonian and is of great importance in the cult of medicine. Recipes for medicines often state that a mixture should be irradiated by the goat star before being administered to the patient, i.e. it should be placed outside at night.

	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==Mythology==		==Mythology<ref name=":0" />==
	<gallery>		The god Hermes tended Apollo's cattle – a rather idle occupation, during which a quick-witted fellow like him could easily come up with brilliant ideas. He strung seven strings across a turtle shell and coaxed sounds from it. Since he then stole Apollo's cattle, he gave Apollo the lyre as compensation. Apollo composed a song with it and then passed the lyre on to Orpheus. Orpheus added two strings and became a famous singer. He was reputed to be able to charm animals and even stones with his singing.

			However, Orpheus' story is tragic: after his wife died, he descended into the underworld to bring her back. There are two versions of the story: In Plato's version, he fails because the gods only show him a shadow image of his wife; in Diodorus' version, he succeeds. Roman versions describe a near success, i.e. a meeting with his wife, but failure to bring her back at the last minute.

			In any case, after his visit to the underworld, Orpheus is no longer the same, changes his way of life and worships other gods. After his death, the Muses ask Zeus to place his lyre in the sky. It stands there in memory of the Muses themselves and their offspring Orpheus. According to Eratosthenes, it is also a symbol of the singer's tragic death. For today's viewer, it is a symbol of the immortality of music and of excellent musicians, whose works live on after their death and are interpreted in new ways.<gallery>
	File:Ainter of Agora 393 - ARV extra - standing boy with lyra and hare - Athens Agora Museum - 02.jpg\|Ainter of Agora 393 - ARV extra - standing boy with lyra and hare - Athens Agora Museum		File:Ainter of Agora 393 - ARV extra - standing boy with lyra and hare - Athens Agora Museum - 02.jpg\|Ainter of Agora 393 - ARV extra - standing boy with lyra and hare - Athens Agora Museum
	File:Achilles Painter ARV 990 41 youth with lyra and boy - bearded man with staff (02).jpg\|Achilles Painter ARV 990 41 youth with lyra		File:Achilles Painter ARV 990 41 youth with lyra and boy - bearded man with staff (02).jpg\|Achilles Painter ARV 990 41 youth with lyra

Sushoff at 07:15, 24 February 2026

2026-02-24T07:15:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:15, 24 February 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the one north of the bright one (eps)
	\|		\|the eastern one of the three on the jetty
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Aqr 4
	\|		\|Aqr 12
	\|		\|Ari 12 1/2
	\|		\|Tau 3
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the front one of the two bright on the jetty (beta)
	\|		\|the one north of the bright one (eps)
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = ~~160~~ min = ~~40°~~		\| colspan="4" \|2/3 hours = 40 min = 10°
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-02-23T14:59:58Z

Hipparchus

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 23 February 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Sco 8 1/2
	\|		\|Sco 18
	\|		\|Leo 12 1/2
	\|		\|Leo 26
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|~~2 1~~/8 hours = ~~127.5~~ min = ~~31 7/8~~ degree		\| colspan="4" \|4/5 hours = 48 min = 12 degree
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-02-22T17:49:12Z

Hipparchus

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:49, 22 February 2026
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	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

			====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======
			<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			! colspan="2" \|east
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = 127.5 min = 31 7/8 degree
			\|}

			====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!
			! colspan="2" \|west
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = 160 min = 40°
			\|}

			====== Stars Mentioned ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			!Greek
			!German
			!English
			!ident.
			!src
			!
			!lam_culm
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, first
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, last
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §2
			\|setting CrB, south, last
			\|Psc 13.5
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §13
			\|setting Aql, south, first
			\|Ari 2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib III Cap I §9
			\|rising Ori, south, last
			\|Psc 13
			\|}

	===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====		===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====