MUŠ.ḪUŠ - Revision history

Sushoff at 18:47, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T18:47:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:47, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ}}
	{{distinguish\|MUŠ}}		{{distinguish\|MUŠ}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:One dragon of the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, colored glazed and molded bricks, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.jpg\|thumb\|Depiction mušḫuššu at the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.]]		[[File:One dragon of the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, colored glazed and molded bricks, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.jpg\|thumb\|Depiction mušḫuššu at the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.]]

Sushoff at 18:37, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T18:37:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:37, 26 March 2026
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	<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ ''(𒀯𒈲𒄭𒄊), mušhuššu,'' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. Sometimes considered a name variant of <sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ, we distinguish it, as it doesn't have wings. Astronomically, however, it refers to the same region in the sky; it is a constellation within the modern [[Hydra]] (The Watersnake).		<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ ''(𒀯𒈲𒄭𒄊), mušhuššu,'' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. Sometimes considered a name variant of <sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ, we distinguish it, as it doesn't have wings. Astronomically, however, it refers to the same region in the sky; it is a constellation within the modern [[Hydra]] (The Watersnake).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
	~~=== Kurtik with Hilder~~, ~~Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim =~~==
	<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ (𒀯𒈲𒄭𒄊)		<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ (𒀯𒈲𒄭𒄊)

Sushoff at 08:21, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T08:21:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:21, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ}}
	{{distinguish\|MUŠ}}		{{distinguish\|MUŠ}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	[[File:One dragon of the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, colored glazed and molded bricks, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.jpg\|thumb\|Depiction mušḫuššu at the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.]]		[[File:One dragon of the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, colored glazed and molded bricks, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.jpg\|thumb\|Depiction mušḫuššu at the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.]]
	<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ ''(𒀯𒈲𒄭𒄊), mušhuššu,'' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. Sometimes considered a name variant of <sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ, we distinguish it, as it doesn't have wings. Astronomically, however, it refers to the same region in the sky; it is a constellation within the modern [[Hydra]] (The Watersnake).		<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ ''(𒀯𒈲𒄭𒄊), mušhuššu,'' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. Sometimes considered a name variant of <sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ, we distinguish it, as it doesn't have wings. Astronomically, however, it refers to the same region in the sky; it is a constellation within the modern [[Hydra]] (The Watersnake).

Sushoff at 18:20, 23 November 2025

2025-11-23T18:20:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:20, 23 November 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.~~HUŠ~~}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ}}
	{{distinguish\|MUŠ}}		{{distinguish\|MUŠ}}
	[[File:One dragon of the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, colored glazed and molded bricks, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.jpg\|thumb\|Depiction mušḫuššu at the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.]]		[[File:One dragon of the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, colored glazed and molded bricks, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.jpg\|thumb\|Depiction mušḫuššu at the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, Iraq, 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum in Berlin.]]

Sushoff: Removed redirect to MUŠ

2025-11-23T18:19:42Z

Removed redirect to ^{mul (d)}MUŠ

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-#REDIRECT [[MUŠ]]
+ {{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.HUŠ}}
-[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
+==Concordance, Etymology, History==
-[[Category:Sumerian]]
+=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
-[[Category:West Asian]]
+<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ (𒀯𒈲𒄭𒄊)
-[[Category:Eurasia]]
-[[Category:Cuneiform]]
+= <sup>(mul)</sup>''mušḫuššu'', noise. "Ferocious serpent", "Serpent dragon" [CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/2, 270; Lambert 1984<ref name=":1">''Lambert W.G.'' The History of the muš-Cuš in Ancient Mesopotamia / Ľanimal, ľhomme, le dieu dans le Proche- Orient Ancien. Actes du Colloque de Cartigny. 1981, ed. Ph.Borgeaud - Y.Christe - I.Urio, CC2, Leuven, 1984. P.87- 94.</ref>, 87, note 1; Fauna<ref name=":13">''Landsberger B.'' Die Fauna des alten Mesopotamien nach der 14.Tafel der Serie DAR-RA = Cubullu. Leipzig, 1934.</ref>, 48f., 55; Wiggermann 1989; 1992, 168-9, 188 Fig. 3; 1993-1997; 1997]; no identification established.
-[[Category:Constellation]]
-[[Category:Hya]]
+{| class="wikitable"

Sushoff: Redirected page to MUŠ

2025-09-21T15:05:15Z

Redirected page to ^{mul (d)}MUŠ

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Hya+crt+crv stellarium mulapin.jpg|thumb|the Babylonian version of the "Hydra, Crater, Corvus" super-constellation does not contain a cup or jar. visualized in Stellarium (drawing by Jessica Gullberg)]]
+#REDIRECT [[MUŠ]]
 [[Category:Mesopotamian]]
@@ Line 56: / Line 7: @@
 [[Category:Cuneiform]]
 [[Category:Constellation]]

Sushoff at 19:31, 16 August 2025

2025-08-16T19:31:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:31, 16 August 2025
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	[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]		[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]
	<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ (𒀯𒈲𒄭𒄊) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Hydra]].		<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ (𒀯𒈲𒄭𒄊) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Hydra]].
	==~~Dictionary~~==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
	= <sup>(mul)</sup>''mušḫuššu'', noise. "Ferocious serpent", "Serpent dragon" [CAD M/2, 270; Lambert 1984, 87, note 1; Fauna, 48f., 55; Wiggermann 1989; 1992, 168-9, 188 Fig. 3; 1993-1997; 1997]; no identification established.		= <sup>(mul)</sup>''mušḫuššu'', noise. "Ferocious serpent", "Serpent dragon" [CAD M/2, 270; Lambert 1984, 87, note 1; Fauna, 48f., 55; Wiggermann 1989; 1992, 168-9, 188 Fig. 3; 1993-1997; 1997]; no identification established.

InitTeam at 08:32, 28 May 2025

2025-05-28T08:32:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:32, 28 May 2025
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	[[File:Hya+crt+crv stellarium mulapin.jpg\|thumb\|the Babylonian version of the "Hydra, Crater, Corvus" super-constellation does not contain a cup or jar. visualized in Stellarium (drawing by Jessica Gullberg)]]		[[File:Hya+crt+crv stellarium mulapin.jpg\|thumb\|the Babylonian version of the "Hydra, Crater, Corvus" super-constellation does not contain a cup or jar. visualized in Stellarium (drawing by Jessica Gullberg)]]
	[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]		[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]
	<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Hydra]].		<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ (𒀯𒈲𒄭𒄊) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Hydra]].
	==Dictionary==		==Dictionary==
	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
Line 13:		Line 13:
	Old Babylonian prayer:		Old Babylonian prayer:

	* a) Erm. 15642: ''mu-uš-ḫu-uš-šu-um'' [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:18], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306],		* (a) Erm. 15642: ''mu-uš-ḫu-uš-šu-um'' [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:18], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306],
	* (b) AO 6769: MUŠ.ḪUŠ [Dossin 1935, 181-182:18].		* (b) AO 6769: MUŠ.ḪUŠ [Dossin 1935, 181-182:18].
	\|		\|

InitTeam at 05:49, 22 April 2025

2025-04-22T05:49:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:49, 22 April 2025
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	==Dictionary==		==Dictionary==
	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
	= <sup>(mul)</sup>mušḫuššu, noise. "Ferocious serpent", "Serpent dragon" [CAD M/2, 270; Lambert 1984, 87, note 1; Fauna, 48f., 55; Wiggermann 1989; 1992, 168-9, 188 Fig. 3; 1993-1997; 1997]; no identification established.		= <sup>(mul)</sup>''mušḫuššu'', noise. "Ferocious serpent", "Serpent dragon" [CAD M/2, 270; Lambert 1984, 87, note 1; Fauna, 48f., 55; Wiggermann 1989; 1992, 168-9, 188 Fig. 3; 1993-1997; 1997]; no identification established.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."'''		\|'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."'''
	Old Babylonian prayer: a) Erm. 15642: mu-uš-ḫu-uš-šu-um [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:18], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306], (b) AO 6769: MUŠ.ḪUŠ [Dossin 1935, 181-182:18].		Old Babylonian prayer:

			* a) Erm. 15642: ''mu-uš-ḫu-uš-šu-um'' [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:18], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306],
			* (b) AO 6769: MUŠ.ḪUŠ [Dossin 1935, 181-182:18].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

	===Additional===		===Additional===
	~~'''II. Deity.'''~~

			==== II. Deity. ====
	The mythological character MUŠ.ḪUŠ has been known since Old Akkadian times. He was associated with various deities: initially with the city god of Eshnunna, as Ninazu, considered to be the king of snakes, who was succeeded by Tishpak (later with Marduk and Nabu, Ashshur and Anu). In Neo-Assyrian periods, he was considered as a symbolic animal of Marduk, performing the protective functions of the guardian of the city gates of Babylon and other cities. According to some other descriptions, he, like other serpent deities, "cries," threatening with his deadly venom [Lambert 1984; Wiggermann 1989; 1992, 168-9; 1993-1997, 456; 1997].		The mythological character MUŠ.ḪUŠ has been known since Old Akkadian times. He was associated with various deities: initially with the city god of Eshnunna, as Ninazu, considered to be the king of snakes, who was succeeded by Tishpak (later with Marduk and Nabu, Ashshur and Anu). In Neo-Assyrian periods, he was considered as a symbolic animal of Marduk, performing the protective functions of the guardian of the city gates of Babylon and other cities. According to some other descriptions, he, like other serpent deities, "cries," threatening with his deadly venom [Lambert 1984; Wiggermann 1989; 1992, 168-9; 1993-1997, 456; 1997].

	~~'''~~III. Symbol.~~'''~~		==== III. Symbol. ====
			A dragon with a scaly body, neck, and tail that combined the features of a lion, eagle, and serpent. The most famous form — a walking lion, with front paws that of a lion, rear claws of a bird (eagle). On its long neck is placed a serpent's head, paired with a long split tongue, horn(s) and curls. There is also a long tail, that of a serpent, raised upwards in direction towards the rear of the animal. During the Neo-Babylonian periods, ''mušḫuššu'' was depicted on the enameled bricks of the Ishtar Gate in Babylon, restored by Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562). Many other images on seals and kudurru, differing in detail, are also known. The texts mention the face, eyes, tongue, beak, front lion's paws, and eagle's claws ''mušḫuššu'' [Black-Green 1992, 166; Lambert 1984, 87; Lewis 1996; Seidl 1968, 187-193; Van Buren 1946, 16f., 32f.; Wiggermann 1992, 151, 168-9, 188 Fig. 3; 1993-1997, 456, 462; Kurtik 2007, fig. 48]. It remains unclear how exactly the constellation <sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ was thought of and in which part of the sky the constellation <sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ = ''mušḫuššu'' was located in.
	A dragon with a scaly body, neck, and tail that combined the features of a lion, eagle, and serpent. The most famous form — a walking lion, with front paws that of a lion, rear claws of a bird (eagle). On its long neck is placed a serpent's head, paired with a long split tongue, horn(s) and curls. There is also a long tail, that of a serpent, raised upwards in direction towards the rear of the animal. During the Neo-Babylonian periods, mušḫuššu was depicted on the enameled bricks of the Ishtar Gate in Babylon, restored by Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562). Many other images on seals and kudurru, differing in detail, are also known. The texts mention the face, eyes, tongue, beak, front lion's paws, and eagle's claws mušḫuššu [Black-Green 1992, 166; Lambert 1984, 87; Lewis 1996; Seidl 1968, 187-193; Van Buren 1946, 16f., 32f.; Wiggermann 1992, 151, 168-9, 188 Fig. 3; 1993-1997, 456, 462; Kurtik 2007, fig. 48]. It remains unclear how exactly the constellation <sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ was thought of and in which part of the sky the constellation <sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ = ~~mušḫušššu~~ was located in.

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" \|Kurtik (2022)		! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" \|Kurtik (2022, m44)
	! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" \|Gössmann (1950)		! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" \|Gössmann (1950)
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 17:51, 30 January 2025

2025-01-30T17:51:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:51, 30 January 2025
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	<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		[[File:Hya+crt+crv stellarium mulapin.jpg\|thumb\|the Babylonian version of the "Hydra, Crater, Corvus" super-constellation does not contain a cup or jar. visualized in Stellarium (drawing by Jessica Gullberg)]]
			[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]
			<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Hydra]].
	==Dictionary==		==Dictionary==
	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===