MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA - Revision history

Sushoff at 08:16, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T08:16:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:16, 17 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	[[File:HitchedYoke-map stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|morning of seventh month in Mesopotamia, simulated with Stellarium 25.2; the date of this map is roughly two weeks after equinox; the unnamed stars inside the circumpolar circle should be the The Hitchend Yoke = κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra (CC BY SMH).]]		[[File:HitchedYoke-map stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|morning of seventh month in Mesopotamia, simulated with Stellarium 25.2; the date of this map is roughly two weeks after equinox; the unnamed stars inside the circumpolar circle should be the The Hitchend Yoke = κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra (CC BY SMH).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA (𒀯𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕) = ''nīru'' “yoke''," nīru riksu'', "hitched yoke," is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the circumpolar area. As it doesn't rise and set, it is difficult to determine its accurate position; the only hint is the schema of the Sitting Gods of the Ekur in MUL.APIN and the entry in the Astrolabe menology. The statement in the Alb B that it "rises" in the month of Tashritu suggests a position north of Bootes in [[Draco]], perhaps the stars κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra. These stars are in the circumpolar area for Mesopotamian in the first millennium BCE, and above the northeastern horizon in the morning in the seventh month. Yet, the identification remains uncertain.		<sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA (𒀯𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕) = ''nīru'' “yoke''," nīru riksu'', "hitched yoke," is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the circumpolar area. As it doesn't rise and set, it is difficult to determine its accurate position; the only hint is the schema of the Sitting Gods of the Ekur in MUL.APIN and the entry in the Astrolabe menology. The statement in the Alb B that it "rises" in the month of Tashritu suggests a position north of Bootes in [[Draco]], perhaps the stars κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra. These stars are in the circumpolar area for Mesopotamian in the first millennium BCE, and above the northeastern horizon in the morning in the seventh month. Yet, the identification remains uncertain.

JanSafford at 16:12, 9 January 2026

2026-01-09T16:12:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:12, 9 January 2026
Line 517:		Line 517:
	= Draco (?) [Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 79a].		= Draco (?) [Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 79a].

	= α Draconis (?) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Reiner 1995<ref name=":9" />, 139; ~~ASM~~<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273].		= α Draconis (?) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Reiner 1995<ref name=":9" />, 139; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273].

	====Astrology. ====		====Astrology. ====
Line 530:		Line 530:
	! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" \|Gössmann (1950)		! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" \|Gössmann (1950)
	\|-		\|-
	\|вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.keš<sub>2</sub>.da, <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.kešda, <sup>mul</sup>MU.SIR<sub>2</sub>.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA, <sup>mul</sup>MU.GID<sub>2</sub>.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA, <sup>mul</sup>MUDRA<sub>6</sub>.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA; = nīru «Привязанное Ярмо» [G. 282; CAD N/2, 260ff.]; созвездие или звезда(?) в Драконе (Draco), cм. также sh18ŠUDUN.		\|вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.keš<sub>2</sub>.da, <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.kešda, <sup>mul</sup>MU.SIR<sub>2</sub>.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA, <sup>mul</sup>MU.GID<sub>2</sub>.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA, <sup>mul</sup>MUDRA<sub>6</sub>.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA; = nīru «Привязанное Ярмо» [Gössmann 1950, 282; CAD N/2, 260ff.]; созвездие или звезда(?) в Драконе (Draco), cм. также sh18ŠUDUN.
	I. Источники.		I. Источники.

Line 545:		Line 545:
	IV. Отождествление.		IV. Отождествление.

	= Draco [G. 282].		= Draco [Gössmann 1950, 282].

	= Draco (?) [Weidner 1957–59, 79a].		= Draco (?) [Weidner 1957–59, 79a].

	= α Draconis(?) [MA, 137; Reiner 1995, 139; ~~ASM~~, 273].		= α Draconis(?) [MA, 137; Reiner 1995, 139; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 273].

	V. Астрология.		V. Астрология.

Sushoff at 14:47, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T14:47:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 23 December 2025
Line 5:		Line 5:
	Various ideas regarding the meaning and origins of the Sumerian name have been proposed. An abbreviated writing <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU is also attested. For Yoke asterisms (''nīru''), see also ŠUDUN.		Various ideas regarding the meaning and origins of the Sumerian name have been proposed. An abbreviated writing <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU is also attested. For Yoke asterisms (''nīru''), see also ŠUDUN.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

	~~===Krebernik (2023)===~~
	~~MU.BU.KÉŠ.DA “(bound/hitched) yoke”. The sumerogram is usually translated simply as ''nīru'' “yoke''”'' (Hh, see SpTU III~~<ref>~~''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref> 228: 104). It should be noted, however, that MU.BU~~(~~.KÉŠ.DA) is not the normal Sumerian word for “yoke”, which is usually called /erin/ (<sup>giš</sup>érin) or /šudul/n/ (with various spellings~~). The logogram MU.BU.KÉŠ.DA resulted from the merger of two originally different star names, <sup>mul</sup>KA.KÉŠDA (or <sup>mul</sup>ZÚ.KÉŠDA) and <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU. The OB star list in Hh lists them in two subsequent lines (MSL 11<ref name=":0">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 108:390–391). In the mB forerunners to Hh from Emar we find only one entry instead.

	~~One ms. has [<sup>mul</sup>E.MU.UN.D~~]U: KI.KÉŠ.DA = ''ni-ru'' (Msk 74115 rev. iii’ 9’, see Arnaud 1985<ref name=":1">Arnaud D. (1985): Textes sumériens et accadiens, planches (= Emar 6/1–2).</ref>, VI.1, 288, and Gantzert 2011<ref name=":2">Gantzert, M. (2011). The Emar Lexical Texts. <nowiki>https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/17707/</nowiki></ref>, I 210, II 127). The double wedge transliterated with “:” seems to indicate that the scribe had a ''vorlage'' in which KI.KÉŠ.DA stood in a separate line. The second ms. from Emar has simply <sup>mul</sup>E.MU.UN.DU.KI.KÉŠ.DA = ''n''[''i-ru''] ~~(Msk 47187 rev. ii’ 4’, see Arnaud 1985<ref name=":1" />~~, VI.2, 461, and Gantzert 2011<ref name=":2" />, I 215, II 127). The sign E was (erroneously) introduced from the preceding section, a list of canal names starting with E “canal”. Apart from múdra ''= (w)aršu'' “dirty”, which cannot apply here, MU.BU has a reading mudul<sub>x</sub> equated with ''nīru'' in OB Diri Nippur 9:18 (MSL V<ref>Landsberger, B. (1957). The Series HAR-Ra Hubullu. Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon 5.</ref>, 34, with restoration [mu-d]u-ul instead of [x-d]u-ul). This word is most likely identical with Sum. madal, written <sup>giš</sup>(MA.)BU, which designates a kind of pole or shaft rather than a yoke. DU for BU in the Emar texts (transliterated as ‘KUR<sub>9</sub>’ by Gantzert) is a syllabic spelling based on the reading mudul. The spelling MU.UN.DU for MU.BU shows that the Emar scribes interpreted MU.BU as a Sumerian verbal form with the prefix chain ''mu(n)-''. KI.KÉŠ.DA for KA.KÉŠ.DA seems to indicate that the Emar scribes read the sign KA syllabically as ka, which contradicts the established reading of the underlying Sumerian as zú-kéš-da “bond, troop”, from zú-kéš “to bind”. <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KÉŠ.DA (EN 19l).

	~~===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=~~==
	Var. readings:		Var. readings:

Line 23:		Line 16:

	Asterism in the far north, see also (Kurtik sh18) [[ŠUDUN]]. For discussion of the name, see also Horowitz 2014<ref name=":5">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 76-77.		Asterism in the far north, see also (Kurtik sh18) [[ŠUDUN]]. For discussion of the name, see also Horowitz 2014<ref name=":5">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 76-77.

			Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023) elaborate:<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref><blockquote>MU.BU.KÉŠ.DA “(bound/hitched) yoke”. The sumerogram is usually translated simply as ''nīru'' “yoke''”'' (Hh, see SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref> 228: 104). It should be noted, however, that MU.BU(.KÉŠ.DA) is not the normal Sumerian word for “yoke”, which is usually called /erin/ (<sup>giš</sup>érin) or /šudul/n/ (with various spellings). The logogram MU.BU.KÉŠ.DA resulted from the merger of two originally different star names, <sup>mul</sup>KA.KÉŠDA (or <sup>mul</sup>ZÚ.KÉŠDA) and <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU. The OB star list in Hh lists them in two subsequent lines (MSL 11<ref name=":0">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 108:390–391). In the mB forerunners to Hh from Emar we find only one entry instead.</blockquote><blockquote>One ms. has [<sup>mul</sup>E.MU.UN.D]U: KI.KÉŠ.DA = ''ni-ru'' (Msk 74115 rev. iii’ 9’, see Arnaud 1985<ref name=":1">Arnaud D. (1985): Textes sumériens et accadiens, planches (= Emar 6/1–2).</ref>, VI.1, 288, and Gantzert 2011<ref name=":2">Gantzert, M. (2011). The Emar Lexical Texts. <nowiki>https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/17707/</nowiki></ref>, I 210, II 127). The double wedge transliterated with “:” seems to indicate that the scribe had a ''vorlage'' in which KI.KÉŠ.DA stood in a separate line. The second ms. from Emar has simply <sup>mul</sup>E.MU.UN.DU.KI.KÉŠ.DA = ''n''[''i-ru''] (Msk 47187 rev. ii’ 4’, see Arnaud 1985<ref name=":1" />, VI.2, 461, and Gantzert 2011<ref name=":2" />, I 215, II 127). The sign E was (erroneously) introduced from the preceding section, a list of canal names starting with E “canal”. Apart from múdra ''= (w)aršu'' “dirty”, which cannot apply here, MU.BU has a reading mudul<sub>x</sub> equated with ''nīru'' in OB Diri Nippur 9:18 (MSL V<ref>Landsberger, B. (1957). The Series HAR-Ra Hubullu. Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon 5.</ref>, 34, with restoration [mu-d]u-ul instead of [x-d]u-ul). This word is most likely identical with Sum. madal, written <sup>giš</sup>(MA.)BU, which designates a kind of pole or shaft rather than a yoke. DU for BU in the Emar texts (transliterated as ‘KUR<sub>9</sub>’ by Gantzert) is a syllabic spelling based on the reading mudul. The spelling MU.UN.DU for MU.BU shows that the Emar scribes interpreted MU.BU as a Sumerian verbal form with the prefix chain ''mu(n)-''. KI.KÉŠ.DA for KA.KÉŠ.DA seems to indicate that the Emar scribes read the sign KA syllabically as ka, which contradicts the established reading of the underlying Sumerian as zú-kéš-da “bond, troop”, from zú-kéš “to bind”. <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KÉŠ.DA (EN 19l).</blockquote>

	==== Sources and Identification(s) ====		==== Sources and Identification(s) ====
Line 507:		Line 502:
	=== Additional===		=== Additional===

	====~~II.~~ Deity. ====		====Deity. ====
	The name is absent from the lists of gods and is never recorded with the determinative d. The special significance of this asterism is emphasized by its identification with the god Anu.		The name is absent from the lists of gods and is never recorded with the determinative d. The special significance of this asterism is emphasized by its identification with the god Anu.

Line 514:		Line 509:
	* (2) A ritual against an epidemic [TuL<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Tod und Leben nach den Vorstellungen der Babilonier. Berlin-Leipzig, 1931.</ref> 163, 34:13].		* (2) A ritual against an epidemic [TuL<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Tod und Leben nach den Vorstellungen der Babilonier. Berlin-Leipzig, 1931.</ref> 163, 34:13].

	====~~III.~~ Symbol. ====		====Symbol. ====
	Unclear. Originally, it was apparently a yoke, but the description in [RAcc.<ref name=":7" />] suggests an anthropomorphic figure (?).		Unclear. Originally, it was apparently a yoke, but the description in [RAcc.<ref name=":7" />] suggests an anthropomorphic figure (?).

	====~~IV.~~ Identification.====		====Identification.====
	= Draco [Gössmann<ref name=":3" /> 282].		= Draco [Gössmann<ref name=":3" /> 282].

Line 524:		Line 519:
	= α Draconis (?) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Reiner 1995<ref name=":9" />, 139; ASM<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273].		= α Draconis (?) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Reiner 1995<ref name=":9" />, 139; ASM<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273].

	====V. Astrology. ====		====Astrology. ====

	===== Identifications: =====		===== Identifications: =====

Sushoff at 21:36, 3 December 2025

2025-12-03T21:36:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:36, 3 December 2025
Line 573:		Line 573:
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
			[[Category:Dra]]

	[[Category:4workWayne]]		[[Category:4workWayne]]

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Stars within the Constellation Area */

2025-12-01T14:40:12Z

Stars within the Constellation Area

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, 1 December 2025
Line 67:		Line 67:
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
			[[File:MUBUKESHDA CH Screenshot 2025-11-29 154934.png\|thumb\|Convex Hull for the stars inside MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]

	====Stars within the Constellation Area====		====Stars within the Constellation Area====
Line 81:		Line 82:
	\|ψ Ursae Majoris		\|ψ Ursae Majoris
	\|HIP 54539		\|HIP 54539
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
	\|3.01		\|3.01
	\|-		\|-
Line 87:		Line 88:
	\|Tania Australis		\|Tania Australis
	\|HIP 50801		\|HIP 50801
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines
	\| 3.05		\| 3.05
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3		\| 3
	\|Talitha		\|Talitha A
	\|HIP 44127		\|HIP 44127
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines
	\|3.13		\|3.13
	\|-		\|-
Line 99:		Line 100:
	\|α Lyncis		\|α Lyncis
	\|HIP 45860		\|HIP 45860
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
	\|3.14		\|3.14
	\|-		\|-
Line 105:		Line 106:
	\|Talitha		\|Talitha
	\|HIP 44127		\|HIP 44127
	\|~~Inside the Hull~~		\|Constellation lines
	\| 3.14		\| 3.14
	\|-		\|-
Line 111:		Line 112:
	\|θ Ursae Majoris		\|θ Ursae Majoris
	\|HIP 46853		\|HIP 46853
	\| ~~within constellation~~ lines		\| Constellation lines
	\|3.18		\|3.18
	\|-		\|-
Line 117:		Line 118:
	\|Muscida		\|Muscida
	\|HIP 41704		\|HIP 41704
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
	\|3.42		\|3.42
	\|-		\|-
Line 123:		Line 124:
	\|Tania Borealis		\|Tania Borealis
	\|HIP 50372		\|HIP 50372
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines
	\| 3.45		\| 3.45
	\|-		\|-
Line 129:		Line 130:
	\|Alkaphrah		\|Alkaphrah
	\|HIP 44471		\|HIP 44471
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines
	\|3.55		\|3.55
	\|-		\|-
Line 135:		Line 136:
	\|23 UMa		\|23 UMa
	\|HIP 46733		\|HIP 46733
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
	\|3.67		\|3.67
	\|-		\|-
Line 141:		Line 142:
	\| υ Ursae Majoris		\| υ Ursae Majoris
	\|HIP 48319		\|HIP 48319
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines
	\|3.81		\|3.81
	\|-		\|-
Line 147:		Line 148:
	\| 38 Lyn		\| 38 Lyn
	\|HIP 45688		\|HIP 45688
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines
	\|3.92		\|3.92
	\|-		\|-
Line 165:		Line 166:
	\| -		\| -
	\|HIP 44700		\|HIP 44700
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
	\|4.539		\|4.539
	\|-		\|-
Line 183:		Line 184:
	\| π 2 Ursae Majoris		\| π 2 Ursae Majoris
	\|HIP 42527		\|HIP 42527
	\|~~within constellation~~ lines		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
	\|4.61		\|4.61
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 18:05, 23 November 2025

2025-11-23T18:05:46Z

Show changes

InitTeam at 07:18, 29 September 2025

2025-09-29T07:18:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:18, 29 September 2025
Line 134:		Line 134:
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]

			[[Category:4workWayne]]

InitTeam at 07:17, 29 September 2025

2025-09-29T07:17:41Z

Show changes

Sushoff at 18:59, 21 September 2025

2025-09-21T18:59:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:59, 21 September 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA}}
	[[File:HitchedYoke-map stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|morning of seventh month in Mesopotamia, simulated with Stellarium 25.2; the unnamed stars inside the circumpolar circle should be the The Hitchend Yoke = κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra (CC BY SMH).]]		[[File:HitchedYoke-map stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|morning of seventh month in Mesopotamia, simulated with Stellarium 25.2; the date of this map is roughly two weeks after equinox; the unnamed stars inside the circumpolar circle should be the The Hitchend Yoke = κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra (CC BY SMH).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA (𒀯𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕) = ''nīru'' “yoke''," nīru riksu'', "hitched yoke," is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the circumpolar area. As it doesn't rise and set, it is difficult to determine its accurate position; the only hint is the schema of the Sitting Gods of the Ekur in MUL.APIN and the entry in the Astrolabe menology. The statement in the Alb B that it "rises" in the month of Tashritu suggests a position north of Bootes in [[Draco]], perhaps the stars κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra. These stars are in the circumpolar area for Mesopotamian in the first millennium BCE, and above the northeastern horizon in the morning in the seventh month. Yet, the identification remains uncertain.		<sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA (𒀯𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕) = ''nīru'' “yoke''," nīru riksu'', "hitched yoke," is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the circumpolar area. As it doesn't rise and set, it is difficult to determine its accurate position; the only hint is the schema of the Sitting Gods of the Ekur in MUL.APIN and the entry in the Astrolabe menology. The statement in the Alb B that it "rises" in the month of Tashritu suggests a position north of Bootes in [[Draco]], perhaps the stars κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra. These stars are in the circumpolar area for Mesopotamian in the first millennium BCE, and above the northeastern horizon in the morning in the seventh month. Yet, the identification remains uncertain.

Sushoff at 18:57, 21 September 2025

2025-09-21T18:57:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:57, 21 September 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA}}
	[[File:HitchedYoke-map stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|morning of seventh month in Mesopotamia, simulated with Stellarium 25.2; the unnamed stars inside the circumpolar circle should be the The Hitchend Yoke = κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra (CC BY SMH).]]		[[File:HitchedYoke-map stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|morning of seventh month in Mesopotamia, simulated with Stellarium 25.2; the unnamed stars inside the circumpolar circle should be the The Hitchend Yoke = κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra (CC BY SMH).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA (𒀯𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕) = ''nīru'' “yoke''," nīru riksu'', "hitched yoke," is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the circumpolar area. As it doesn't rise and set, it is difficult to determine its accurate position; the only hint is the schema of the Sitting Gods of the Ekur in MUL.APIN and the entry in the Astrolabe menology. The statement in the Alb B that it "rises" in the month of Tashritu suggests a position north of Bootes in Draco, perhaps the stars κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra. These stars are in the circumpolar area for Mesopotamian in the first millennium BCE, and above the northeastern horizon in the morning in the seventh month. Yet, the identification remains uncertain.		<sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA (𒀯𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕) = ''nīru'' “yoke''," nīru riksu'', "hitched yoke," is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the circumpolar area. As it doesn't rise and set, it is difficult to determine its accurate position; the only hint is the schema of the Sitting Gods of the Ekur in MUL.APIN and the entry in the Astrolabe menology. The statement in the Alb B that it "rises" in the month of Tashritu suggests a position north of Bootes in [[Draco]], perhaps the stars κ, λ, θ Boo plus ζ, η, θ, ι Dra. These stars are in the circumpolar area for Mesopotamian in the first millennium BCE, and above the northeastern horizon in the morning in the seventh month. Yet, the identification remains uncertain.

	Various ideas regarding the meaning and origins of the Sumerian name have been proposed. An abbreviated writing <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU is also attested. For Yoke asterisms (''nīru''), see also ŠUDUN.		Various ideas regarding the meaning and origins of the Sumerian name have been proposed. An abbreviated writing <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU is also attested. For Yoke asterisms (''nīru''), see also ŠUDUN.